ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i ka maʻi maʻi ʻaʻai māmā

ʻO ka mālama ʻana i ka maʻi maʻi maʻi ʻāʻī Hoʻohui pinepine ʻia nā lāʻau lapaʻau e hoʻolōʻihi i ka ulu ʻana o ke kanesa, mālama i nā hōʻailona, ​​a hoʻomaikaʻi i ka maikaʻi o ke ola o ka mea maʻi. ʻO ke ala kikoʻī e pili ana i nā kumu he nui, e pili ana i ke ʻano a me ke ʻano o ka maʻi kanesa āpau, ke olakino holoʻokoʻa o ka mea maʻi, a me nā makemake pilikino. Hiki ke koho ʻia nā koho mai ka hōʻoki ʻana a me ka chemotherapy a hiki i ka radiation therapy, targeted therapy, a me immunotherapy, hoʻohana pinepine ʻia i ka hui ʻana e hāʻawi i ka hoʻolālā lapaʻau ʻoi loa. ʻO kēia mau maʻi maʻi e koi pinepine i ka wikiwiki a me ka ikaika ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i ka maʻi maʻi ʻaʻai māmā. ʻO nā ʻano nui ʻelua o ka maʻi maʻi ʻāʻī: Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) ʻO ka NSCLC ke ʻano maʻamau, helu ʻia ma kahi o 80-85% o nā maʻi maʻi maʻi. Aia nā subtypes adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and large cell carcinoma.Small Cell Lung Cancer (SCLC)SCLC ʻaʻole maʻamau akā ʻoi aku ka ikaika ma mua o ka NSCLC. Ua pili ikaika ia me ka puhi paka a e laha koke ana. ʻIke mua a ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i ka maʻi maʻi ʻaʻai māmā he mea koʻikoʻi.Diagnosis a me Staging He mea koʻikoʻi ka ʻike pololei a me ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana no ka hoʻoholo ʻana i ka mea maikaʻi loa ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i ka maʻi maʻi ʻaʻai māmā hoʻolālā. ʻO nā hoʻokolohua diagnostic maʻamau ka: Nā hoʻāʻo kiʻi: ʻO nā kukui X, CT scans, MRI, a me PET scans e kōkua i ka nānā ʻana i nā ʻōpū a nānā i ko lākou pālahalaha ʻana. Biopsy: Lawe ʻia kahi laʻana ʻiʻo no ka hoʻokolokolo microscopic e hōʻoia i ka ʻike a hoʻoholo i ke ʻano o ka maʻi maʻi ʻaʻai. Bronchoscopy: Hoʻokomo ʻia kahi paipu lahilahi me ka pahupaʻikiʻi i loko o nā alaloa e ʻike a loaʻa nā laʻana. Mediastinoscopy: ʻO ke kaʻina hana no ka nānā ʻana a me ka biopsy lymph nodes ma ka mediastinum (ka hakahaka ma waena o nā māmā). NSCLC a me SCLC nā ʻōnaehana hoʻonohonoho ʻokoʻa. No ka NSCLC, nā pae mai I a IV, me IV e hōʻike ana i ka pae kiʻekiʻe loa. Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ʻo SCLC ma ke ʻano he palena (paʻa i ka ʻaoʻao hoʻokahi o ka umauma a me nā nodes lymph kokoke) a i ʻole ka laulā (palapala ma waho o ka umauma).Hoopa'i ma'i ma'i ma'i 'a'eha Nā kohoKa pahuhopu o ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i ka maʻi maʻi ʻaʻai māmā ʻo ia ka hoʻomalu ʻana i ke kanesa, hoʻēmi i nā hōʻailona, ​​a hoʻomaikaʻi i ka maikaʻi o ke ola. Hiki i nā koho lapaʻau ke komo: ʻO ke kaʻa ʻana ʻO ke kaʻa ʻana he koho no ka NSCLC hoʻomaka. Hiki i ke kauka lapaʻau ke wehe i kahi ʻāpana o ke akemāmā (wedge resection or segmental resection), he lobe holoʻokoʻa (lobectomy), a i ʻole ka māmā holoʻokoʻa (pneumonectomy). Ma Shandong Baofa Cancer Research Institute, hana pili ka oncology surgical me nā loea hanu no nā hopena maikaʻi loa. E aʻo hou aku maanei.ChemotherapyHoʻohana kemotherapy i nā lāʻau lapaʻau e pepehi ai i nā maʻi kanesa. He mea maʻamau ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i ka maʻi maʻi ʻaʻai māmā no ka NSCLC a me ka SCLC, no nā pae kiʻekiʻe. Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ke kemoterapi ma mua o ka ʻoki ʻana (neoadjuvant chemotherapy) e hōʻemi ai i ke koko, ma hope o ka ʻoki ʻana (adjuvant chemotherapy) e pepehi i nā keʻena maʻi kanesa i koe, a i ʻole ma ke ʻano he lapaʻau mua no ka maʻi metastatic. Hiki ke hoʻohana hoʻokahi a i hui pū me ka chemotherapy. ʻO nā ʻano o ka radiation therapy nā: ʻO ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana i ka lāʻau lapaʻau waho (EBRT): Hāʻawi ʻia ka radiation mai kahi mīkini ma waho o ke kino. ʻO ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana o ke kino stereootactic (SBRT): Hāʻawi i nā kiʻekiʻe o ka radiation i kahi wahi liʻiliʻi o ka māmā, e hōʻemi ana i ka pōʻino i nā ʻiʻo a puni. Brachytherapy: Hoʻokomo pololei ʻia nā hua radioactive a i ʻole nā uea i loko o ka tumo. Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia kēia mau lāʻau lapaʻau no ka NSCLC me nā hoʻololi genetic kikoʻī, e like me EGFR, ALK, a i ʻole ROS1. ʻO ka ImmunotherapyImmunotherapy ke kōkua i ke kino o ke kino e hakakā i ka maʻi kanesa. ʻO kēia mau lāʻau lapaʻau, e like me nā mea hoʻopaneʻe mākaʻikaʻi (e laʻa, pembrolizumab, nivolumab), pale i nā protein e pale ai i ka ʻōnaehana pale mai ka hoʻouka ʻana i nā maʻi maʻi maʻi. Ua hōʻike ka Immunotherapy i ka ʻōlelo hoʻohiki nui i ka mālama ʻana i ka NSCLC kiʻekiʻe a me kekahi mau hihia o SCLC. ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i ka maʻi maʻi ʻaʻai māmā nā koho. He mau noiʻi noiʻi nā hoʻokolohua lapaʻau e loiloi i nā lāʻau lapaʻau hou a i ʻole nā hui pū ʻana o nā lāʻau lapaʻau. ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i ka maʻi maʻi ʻaʻai māmā nā ala e pili ana i ke ʻano a me ka pae o ka maʻi maʻi maʻi. ʻO ke ʻano o ka maʻi maʻi maʻamau e pili ana i ka NSCLC I-II ʻoki ʻana, radiation therapy, chemotherapy (adjuvant) NSCLC III Chemoradiation, ʻokiʻoki (ma nā hihia i koho ʻia), immunotherapy NSCLC IV Chemotherapy, lāʻau lapaʻau i hoʻopaʻa ʻia (inā pili), immunotherapy, radiation therapy (no ka mālama ʻana i nā hōʻailona) SCLC Limited Chemotherapy a me radiation therapy SCLC Extensive Chemotherapy, Symptom, Symptom Effect therapy.ʻO ka mālama ʻana i ka maʻi maʻi maʻi ʻāʻī hiki ke hana i nā hopena ʻaoʻao. ʻO nā hopena ʻaoʻao maʻamau ka luhi, ka nausea, ka lauoho lauoho, a me nā ʻeha waha. Hiki i kāu hui mālama ola ke kōkua iā ʻoe e hoʻokele i kēia mau hopena ʻaoʻao me nā lāʻau lapaʻau a me ka mālama kākoʻo. Hiki i ka meaʻai maikaʻi a me ka hoʻoikaika kino ke kōkua i ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka maikaʻi o kou ola i ka wā o ka mālama ʻana. Hiki ke hāʻawi ʻia i kēlā me kēia manawa o ka maʻi kanesa, ʻaʻole wale i ka hopena o ke ola. Hiki i ka mālama ʻana i ka ʻeha ke hoʻoponopono i ka ʻeha, ke kākoʻo noʻonoʻo, a me ke kōkua me nā pono pono. He mea nui ka loaʻa ʻana o kahi ʻōnaehana kākoʻo ikaika. Hiki i kēia ke komo i ka ʻohana, nā hoaaloha, nā hui kākoʻo, a me nā ʻoihana olakino noʻonoʻo. Hiki i ka pilina ʻana me nā poʻe ʻē aʻe i loaʻa i ka maʻi maʻi ʻaʻai māmā ke hāʻawi i ke kākoʻo koʻikoʻi a me ka ʻike.Hōʻole: ʻO kēia ʻike no ka ʻike ākea a me ka ʻike ʻike wale nō, ʻaʻole ia he ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo olakino. He mea nui e kūkākūkā me kekahi kauka lapaʻau koʻikoʻi no nā pilikia olakino a i ʻole ma mua o ka hoʻoholo ʻana e pili ana i kou olakino a lapaʻau paha.