ʻO ka maʻi maʻi Kina o ke kumukūʻai puʻupaʻa

He paʻakikī ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i nā kumukūʻai e pili ana i ka mālama ʻana i ka maʻi maʻi maʻi maʻi ma Kina. Hoʻokaʻawale kēia ʻatikala i nā kumu like ʻole e pili ana i ke kumukūʻai, me ka hōʻoia ʻana, nā koho lapaʻau (ka ʻoki ʻana, ka chemotherapy, ka lapaʻau i hoʻopaʻa ʻia, a me ka immunotherapy), koho i ka haukapila, a me ka uhi inikua. Ke ʻimi nei mākou i nā kumuwaiwai i loaʻa e kōkua i ka mālama ʻana i kēia mau lilo, e hāʻawi ana i kahi kikoʻī kikoʻī no nā poʻe maʻi a me ko lākou ʻohana e ʻimi ana i ka akaka i nā ʻano kālā o ka mālama ʻana i ka maʻi maʻi kīkī. He mea koʻikoʻi ka ʻike mua ʻana a me ka mālama ʻana no ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i nā hopena maʻi. ʻO ka maʻi maʻi Kina o ke kumukūʻai puʻupaʻa ʻO ke ʻano maʻamau o ka maʻi maʻi ʻaʻai maʻamau ʻo ia ka maʻi maʻi maʻi renal cell carcinoma (RCC), ma kahi o 85% o nā hihia. ʻO nā ʻano ʻē aʻe he carcinoma cell transitional a me Wilms' tumor, ʻike nui ʻia i nā keiki. ʻO ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i ke ʻano kikoʻī o ka maʻi kanesa he mea nui ia no ka hoʻoholo ʻana i ka hoʻolālā lapaʻau kūpono a me ke kumu kūʻai. Ma Shandong Baofa Cancer Research Institute, ua hoʻolaʻa mākou i ka noiʻi ʻana a me ka hāʻawi ʻana i nā koho lapaʻau hou loa. Nā Kūʻai Kūʻē a me ka Prevention Hiki i kekahi mau mea ke hoʻonui i ka pilikia o ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka maʻi maʻi maʻi kīkī, e like me ka puhi ʻana, ka momona, ke koko kiʻekiʻe, a me kekahi mau ʻano genetic. ʻO nā hana pale e pili ana i ka mālama ʻana i ke ola olakino, ka pale ʻana i ka puhi paka, a me ka mālama ʻana i ke koko. ʻO ka nānā mau ʻana, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā poʻe me ka mōʻaukala ʻohana o ka maʻi maʻi maʻi ʻaʻai, hiki ke kōkua i ka ʻike mua ʻana, hiki ke hōʻemi i ka nui ʻO ka maʻi maʻi Kina o ke kumukūʻai puʻupaʻa ma ka pale ʻana i nā lāʻau lapaʻau hope loa. ʻO nā kumu e hoʻololi ai i ke kumukūʻai o ka mālama ʻana i ka maʻi maʻi maʻi ʻaʻai ma Kina. Aia nā kaʻina hana diagnostic maʻamau:Nānā kino: He loiloi maʻamau o ke olakino o ka mea maʻi.Nā hoʻāʻo kiʻi: Hoʻohana ʻia nā CT scans, MRIs, a me nā ultrasounds e nānā i nā puʻupaʻa a me nā ʻiʻo a puni. Kōkua kēia mau ho'āʻo ʻana e hoʻoholo i ka nui a me ka wahi o ka ʻōpū.Biopsy: Lawe ʻia kahi laʻana ʻiʻo liʻiliʻi mai ka puʻupaʻa a nānā ʻia ma lalo o kahi microscope e hōʻoia i ka loaʻa ʻana o nā maʻi kanesa.Nā ho'āʻo koko a me ka mimi: Hiki i kēia mau ho'āʻo ke kōkua i ka nānā ʻana i ka hana ʻāʻī a ʻike i nā hōʻailona hiki ke pili i ka maʻi maʻi ʻaʻai. Hiki i ka ʻike mua a me ka pololei ke hōʻemi i ka ʻO ka maʻi maʻi Kina o ke kumukūʻai puʻupaʻa ma ka ʻae ʻana i nā koho lapaʻau liʻiliʻi.Nā koho lapaʻau a me nā kumukūʻai pili ʻO nā koho lapaʻau no ka maʻi maʻi maʻi maʻi ma Kina, ʻo ia ka ʻoki ʻana, ka chemotherapy, ka lāʻau lapaʻau i hoʻopaʻa ʻia, a me ka immunotherapy. ʻO ke koho o ka lāʻau lapaʻau e pili ana i ke kahua a me ke ʻano o ka maʻi kanesa, a me ke olakino holoʻokoʻa o ka mea maʻi. Eia ka wehewehe ʻana o kēlā me kēia: ʻO ka ʻoki ʻana ʻo ia ka lāʻau lapaʻau mua loa no ka maʻi maʻi maʻi ʻaʻai, ʻoi aku ka nui inā ʻike ʻia ka maʻi kanesa. ʻO nā koho ʻokiʻoki he:ʻO ka Nephrectomy Radical: ʻO ka wehe ʻana i ka puʻupaʻa holoʻokoʻa, nā ʻiʻo a puni, a i kekahi manawa nā lymph nodes kokoke.ʻO ka nephrectomy hapa: ʻO ka wehe ʻana i ka maʻi maʻi ʻoiai e mālama ana i ke koena o ka ʻiʻo puʻupaʻa. Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia kēia no nā ʻōpū liʻiliʻi.ʻO Laparoscopic a i ʻole Hoʻopaʻa Lopako: ʻO nā ʻenehana liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi e hiki ke hōʻemi i ka manawa hoʻihoʻi a me ka scarring. Hiki ke ʻokoʻa ke kumukūʻai o ke kaʻina hana ma muli o ke ʻano o ke kaʻina hana a me ka haukapila. ʻOi aku ka nui o nā kumukūʻai ma mua o nā ʻokiʻoki liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi akā hiki ke hopena i ka haʻahaʻa holoʻokoʻa ʻO ka maʻi maʻi Kina o ke kumukūʻai puʻupaʻa ma muli o ka pōkole o ka noho maʻi maʻi a me ka hōʻemi ʻana i nā pilikia.Chemotherapy ʻAʻole maʻamau ka hoʻohana ʻia ʻana o ka chemotherapy no ka maʻi maʻi maʻi ʻaʻai i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā maʻi maʻi maʻi ʻē aʻe, akā hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia i kekahi mau kūlana, e like me ka wā i laha ai ke kanesa i nā wahi ʻē aʻe o ke kino. ʻO ke kumukūʻai o ka chemotherapy e pili ana i nā lāʻau kūikawā i hoʻohana ʻia a me ka lōʻihi o ka mālama ʻana. Ma muli o ke kū'ē pinepine 'ana i ka ma'i 'a'ai ma'amau i ka chemotherapy ma'amau, 'a'ole pinepine kēia i ka lālani mua o ka lā'au lapa'au. ʻO nā lāʻau lapaʻau maʻamau i hoʻopaʻa ʻia no ka maʻi maʻi maʻi maʻi:Sunitinib (Sutent): Kāohi i ka nui o ka tyrosine kinase receptors, e hoemi ana i ke koko i ke koko.Sorafenib (Nexavar): ʻO ka hana like me ka sunitinib.Pazopanib (Votrient): ʻO kekahi mea hoʻopaneʻe tyrosine kinase.Axitinib (Inlyta): ʻO kahi mea hoʻopaʻapaʻa tyrosine kinase koho ʻoi aʻe. Hiki ke uku ʻia nā lāʻau lapaʻau i manaʻo ʻia, a ʻokoʻa ke kumukūʻai ma muli o ka lāʻau a me ka lōʻihi o ka mālama ʻana. ʻO ke kumukūʻai o kēia mau lāʻau lapaʻau hiki ke kōkua nui i ka holoʻokoʻa ʻO ka maʻi maʻi Kina o ke kumukūʻai puʻupaʻa. Wahi a ka ʻike a ka mea hana, hiki ke kumukūʻai o Sunitinib i kēlā me kēia mahina mai ￥20,000 a ￥40,000 ma Kina, ma muli o ke ʻano a me ka hōʻailona. (Source: Pfizer China official website).ImmunotherapyImmunotherapy laau kokua i ke kino o ke kino e kaua i ka ma'i kanesa. ʻO nā lāʻau lapaʻau immunotherapy maʻamau no ka maʻi maʻi maʻi maʻi:Nivolumab (Opdivo): He mea hoʻopaʻa PD-1 e ālai ana i kahi pūmua e pale ai i nā cell immune mai ka hoʻouka ʻana i nā cell cancer.Pembrolizumab (Keytruda): ʻO kekahi mea hoʻonāuki PD-1.Ipilimumab (Yervoy): ʻO kahi mea hoʻopiʻi CTLA-4 e hoʻonui ai i ka hana o ke kino. ʻOiai ʻoi loa ka maikaʻi, hiki i ka immunotherapy ke lilo i mea nui o ka ʻO ka maʻi maʻi Kina o ke kumukūʻai puʻupaʻa. ʻOi aku ke kiʻekiʻe o ke kumukūʻai o Nivolumab i kēlā me kēia mahina ma mua o nā lāʻau lapaʻau i manaʻo ʻia, hiki i ka ￥50,000 a ʻoi aku paha. (Source: Bristol Myers Squibb China official website) .Koho a me kahi o ka Halemai Hiki ke hoʻololi nui ke kumukūʻai o ka mālama ʻana ma waena o nā halemai ma Kina. Hāʻawi nā halemai aupuni i nā kumukūʻai haʻahaʻa ma mua o nā halemai pilikino a i ʻole nā ​​kikowaena olakino honua. Eia naʻe, hiki i nā haukapila pilikino ke hāʻawi i nā manawa kali pōkole a me ka mālama pilikino. Hiki i ka wahi o ka haukapila ke hoʻopili i nā kumukūʻai, me nā halemai ma nā kūlanakauhale nui e ʻoi aku ka nui o ke kumukūʻai. Nui ka poʻe Kina i ka ʻinikua olakino maʻamau e uhi ana i kekahi o nā kumukūʻai o ka maʻi maʻi a me ka mālama ʻana. Eia nō naʻe, hiki ke kaupalena ʻia a ʻaʻole uhi ʻia ka uhi no nā lāʻau lapaʻau hou, e like me ka hoʻōla ʻia a me ka immunotherapy. Hiki ke kōkua ka 'inikua hoʻohui i kēia mau koina hou. He mea koʻikoʻi ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i kāu kulekele ʻinikua i ka mālama ʻana i ka ʻO ka maʻi maʻi Kina o ke kumukūʻai puʻupaʻa.Estimating the China Cancer of the Kidney Cost: A BreakdownHe mea paʻakikī ke hāʻawi i kahi kuhi pololei o ka huina o ke kumukūʻai o ka mālama ʻana i ka maʻi maʻi ʻaʻai ma Kina ma muli o ka ʻokoʻa o nā kumu i ʻōlelo ʻia ma luna. Eia nō naʻe, eia ka wehewehe nui o nā kumukūʻai hiki ke loaʻa: Kāwai i koho ʻia (RMB) Notes Diagnosis (Imaging, Biopsy) 5,000 - 20,000 Varies ma muli o ka helu a me ke ʻano o nā hoʻokolohua. ʻO ka ʻoki ʻana (Nephrectomy) 30,000 Ma muli o ke ʻano o ke ʻoki (open vs. minimally invasive) a me ka haukapila. Chemotherapy (ma ke kaʻina holoʻokoʻa) 5,000 - 20,000 ʻAʻole maʻamau, akā pili ke kumukūʻai i nā lāʻau i hoʻohana ʻia. ʻO ka lāʻau lapaʻau i koho ʻia (i kēlā me kēia mahina) 20,000 - 40,000+ Sunitinib, Sorafenib, Pazopanib, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. Immunotherapy (i kēlā me kēia mahina) 30,000 - 50,000+ Nivolumab, Pembrolizumab, etc. Hiki ke ʻoi aku ke kumukūʻai. Noho i ka Halemai (i kēlā me kēia lā) 500 - 2,000+ ʻokoʻa e pili ana i ka haukapila a me ka pae o ka mālama. Ka mālama ʻana 2,000 - 10,000 (i kēlā me kēia makahiki) Loaʻa i ka nānā mau a me nā hoʻokolohua kiʻi. *E hoʻomaopopo: ʻO kēia nā kumukūʻai i manaʻo ʻia a hiki ke ʻano like ʻole. Eia kekahi mau kumuwaiwai e hiki ke kōkua:Nā kōkua aupuni: Hāʻawi kekahi mau wahi ma Kina i nā haʻawina no ka mālama ʻana i ka maʻi kanesa, ʻoi aku hoʻi no nā poʻe haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa. E hōʻoia me kou aupuni kūloko e ʻike inā ua kūpono ʻoe.Nā hui aloha: Hiki i nā hui e like me ka China Cancer Foundation a me nā hui kākoʻo maʻi maʻi kūloko ke hāʻawi i ke kōkua kālā a i ʻole nā kumuwaiwai e kōkua i nā poʻe maʻi e hoʻokele i nā kumukūʻai.Hoʻolilo kālā: ʻO nā paepae e like me Shuidichou (水滴筹) e ʻae i ka poʻe e hōʻiliʻili kālā no nā koina olakino.Nā papahana kōkua lāʻau lapaʻau: Hāʻawi kekahi mau ʻoihana lāʻau lapaʻau i nā papahana kōkua maʻi e hiki ke kōkua i ka hōʻemi ʻana i ke kumukūʻai o ka lāʻau lapaʻau i kuhikuhi ʻia a me nā lāʻau immunotherapy.Nā lawelawe hoʻokele ʻinikua Lapaʻau: Hiki i kēia mau lawelawe ke kōkua iā ʻoe e hoʻomaopopo i kāu kulekele ʻinikua a hoʻokele i ke kaʻina hana koi. Hiki iā lākou ke kōkua i ka ʻike ʻana i nā kumuwaiwai a me nā polokalamu kōkua. Hoʻopili Shandong Baofa Cancer Research Institute no ka ʻike hou aku e pili ana i nā kumuwaiwai a me ke kākoʻo.Hoʻoholo hoʻomaopopo i ka ʻO ka maʻi maʻi Kina o ke kumukūʻai puʻupaʻa he mea nui ia no nā maʻi a me ko lākou ʻohana. Ma ka noiʻi ʻana i nā koho lapaʻau, ka ʻimi ʻana i ka uhi ʻinikua, a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā kumuwaiwai i loaʻa, hiki ke hoʻokele i ke kaumaha kālā o ka mālama ʻana i ka maʻi maʻi ʻaʻai a nānā i ka hoʻōla. ʻO ka ʻike mua ʻana, ka hoʻolālā lapaʻau piha ʻana, a me ke komo ʻana i nā kumuwaiwai kākoʻo he mea koʻikoʻi ia no ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i nā hopena maʻi a hōʻemi i ka hopena holoʻokoʻa o kēia maʻi.