rcc renal cell carcinoma

RCC (Renal Cell Carcinoma) ʻo ia ke ʻano maʻamau o ka maʻi maʻi ʻaʻai maʻamau i nā pākeke. ʻIke kēia ʻatikala i ka maʻi, e uhi ana i kona ʻano, nā hōʻailona, ​​nā hōʻailona, ​​nā koho lapaʻau, a me ka prognosis.He aha ia ʻO ka maʻi maʻi maʻi maʻi maʻi?ʻO ka maʻi maʻi maʻi maʻi maʻi ʻaʻai (RCC), a i ʻole ka maʻi maʻi maʻi ʻaʻai, hoʻokumu ʻia ma ke kapa o ka tubule convoluted proximal, ka ʻāpana o nā paipu liʻiliʻi loa i loko o ka puʻupaʻa e kānana i ke koko a wehe i nā mea ʻōpala. ʻO ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i nā ʻano like ʻole a me nā pae o RCC he mea koʻikoʻi no ka mālama pono. Nā ʻano o ʻO ka maʻi maʻi maʻi maʻi maʻiNui nā ʻano subtypes o RCC aia, kēlā me kēia me nā ʻano ʻokoʻa a me nā ala lapaʻau. ʻO nā ʻano maʻamau ka: Clear Cell ʻO ka maʻi maʻi maʻi maʻi maʻiʻO ka subtype nui loa, e helu ana ma kahi o 70% o RCC hihia. Hōʻike ʻia ʻo ia e nā cell i ʻike ʻia a ʻākea paha ma lalo o kahi microscope ma muli o ka nui o ka lipid content. Puna: American Cancer SocietyPapillary ʻO ka maʻi maʻi maʻi maʻi maʻiʻO ka lua o nā ʻano maʻamau, e pili ana i ka 10-15% o nā hihia. Papillary RCC ʻike ʻia e nā kuhi manamana lima i kapa ʻia he papillae. Hoʻopili pinepine ʻia me kekahi mau kūlana genetic. ʻElua mau ʻano ʻano nui: ʻAno 1 a me ʻAno 2, me ka ʻano 2 maʻamau i ʻoi aku ka huhū. Chromophobe ʻO ka maʻi maʻi maʻi maʻi maʻiHōʻike kēia subtype ma kahi o 5% o RCC hihia. Chromophobe RCC ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka wānana ma mua o ka cell clear cell RCC. ʻOi aku ka nui a ʻeleʻele nā cell ma mua o ka cell clear RCC nā pūnaewele.Kāwele Kohi ʻO ka maʻi maʻi maʻi maʻi maʻiʻO kahi subtype kakaʻikahi a paʻakikī, helu ʻia ma lalo o 1% o nā hihia. ʻAuwai ʻohi RCC e ala mai ana i loko o nā auwai ohi o ka puʻupaʻa, e lawe ana i ka mimi i ka ʻōpū. Hoʻomaʻamaʻa pinepine ʻia ma kahi pae hope a hiki ke paʻakikī i ka mālama ʻana.Medullary ʻO ka maʻi maʻi maʻi maʻi maʻiʻO kekahi subtype kakaʻikahi a hoʻomāinoino, e pili ana i ka poʻe me ke ʻano o ka sickle cell. Medullary RCC pili pinepine me nā hopena maikaʻi ʻole. Nā hōʻailona o ʻO ka maʻi maʻi maʻi maʻi maʻiNā pae mua o RCC ʻaʻole hiki ke hōʻike i nā hōʻailona ʻike ʻia. Eia naʻe, i ka ulu ʻana o ka maʻi koko, hiki ke komo i nā hōʻailona: Koko i loko o ka mimi (hematuria) ʻEha mau ma ka ʻaoʻao a i ʻole ke kua He puʻupuʻu a ʻaoʻao paha ma ka ʻaoʻao a i ʻole ke kua ʻAʻole i wehewehe ʻia ʻO ka poho kaumaha ʻaʻole i wehewehe ʻia ʻAʻole makemake i ka maʻi ʻaʻole i hoʻokumu ʻia e ka maʻi Anemia (helu koko ʻulaʻula haʻahaʻa) Inā ʻike ʻoe i kekahi o kēia mau hōʻailona, ​​pono e nīnau i ke kauka no ka loiloi kūpono. ʻO ka maʻi maʻi maʻi maʻi maʻiKa hoʻopaʻa ʻana RCC ʻO ka mea maʻamau e pili ana i ka hui pū ʻana o ka nānā kino, nā hoʻokolohua kiʻi, a me ka biopsy. RCC. ʻO nā hoʻokolohua kiʻi maʻamau e komo pū me: Hoʻopili ʻia ka Tomography (CT) scan: Hāʻawi i nā kiʻi kikoʻī kikoʻī o nā puʻupaʻa a me nā ʻiʻo a puni. ʻO ke kiʻi hoʻopaʻa manaʻo magnetic (MRI): Hāʻawi i ka ʻokoʻa o ka ʻiʻo palupalu maikaʻi loa a he mea pono loa ia no ka loiloi ʻana i ka nui o ka ʻōpū a me ka ʻike ʻana i ka laha ʻana i nā hale kokoke. Ultrasound: Hiki ke kōkua i ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana ma waena o ka nuipaʻa paʻa a me nā cysts piha wai i loko o ka puʻupaʻa. ʻO ka ʻāʻī ʻana o ka Renal (Angiography): He hoʻokolohua X-ray o ke aʻa o ka renal ma hope o ka hoʻokomo ʻia ʻana o ka wai. Hoʻohana liʻiliʻi ia ma mua o CT a i ʻole MRI. ʻO ka biopsy kahi biopsy e hoʻoneʻe i kahi mea liʻiliʻi o ka ʻiʻo ʻāʻī no ka nānā ʻana ma lalo o kahi microscope. Pono ka biopsy e hōʻoia i ka ʻike o RCC a hoʻoholo i ka subtype. Hana ʻia nā biopsies alakaʻi kiʻi me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka CT a i ʻole ultrasound e hōʻoia i ka huli pono ʻana o ka wahi kānalua. Nā pae o ʻO ka maʻi maʻi maʻi maʻi maʻiʻO ke kahua o RCC e pili ana i ka nui o ka maʻi kanesa a inā paha ua laha i nā wahi ʻē aʻe o ke kino. He mea koʻikoʻi ka staging no ka hoʻoholo ʻana i ke ala lapaʻau kūpono a me ka wānana wānana. Hoʻohana mau ʻia ka ʻōnaehana staging TNM (Tumor, Node, Metastasis): T (Tumo): Hōʻike i ka nui a me ka nui o ka maʻi maʻi mua. N (Puna): Hōʻike inā ua laha ka maʻi maʻi i nā ʻōpū lymph kokoke. M (Metastasis): Hōʻike inā ua laha ka maʻi kanesa i nā wahi mamao, e like me ka māmā, nā iwi, a i ʻole ka lolo. Aia nā pae mai I a IV, me ka pae I ka pae mua loa a ʻo ka pae IV ka pae kiʻekiʻe loa. Nā koho lapaʻau no ʻO ka maʻi maʻi maʻi maʻi maʻiLapaʻau no RCC pili i kekahi mau kumu, e like me ka pae o ka maʻi kanesa, ke olakino holoʻokoʻa o ka mea maʻi, a me nā makemake pilikino. ʻO nā koho lapaʻau maʻamau: ʻO ka ʻoki ʻana ʻO ka wehe ʻana i ka maʻi ʻaʻai ʻo ia ka lāʻau mua no ka localized RCC (Pau I-III). Loaʻa nā koho ʻokiʻoki: ʻO ka nephrectomy hapa: ʻO ka wehe wale ʻana i ke koko a me kahi ʻāpana liʻiliʻi o ka ʻiʻo olakino. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o kēia ala i ka wā e hiki ai ke mālama i ka hana ʻāʻī. ʻO ka Nephrectomy Radical: ʻO ka wehe ʻana i ka puʻupaʻa holoʻokoʻa, me nā ʻiʻo a puni, e like me ka ʻōpū adrenal a me nā ʻōpū lymph. Hana ʻia kēia no nā ʻōpū nui a i ʻole inā ʻaʻole hiki ke nephrectomy hapa. Hiki i kēia mau lāʻau lapaʻau ke hana maikaʻi i ka mālama ʻana i ka holomua RCC (Stage IV) a hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia i nā pae mua i kekahi mau kūlana. Eia kekahi laʻana: Nā mea pale VEGF: Sunitinib (Sutent), Sorafenib (Nexavar), Pazopanib (Votrient), Axitinib (Inlyta), Bevacizumab (Avastin) Nā mea pale mTOR: ʻO Temsirolimus (Torisel), Everolimus (Afinitor)Immunotherapy ʻO nā lāʻau lapaʻau immunotherapy e kōkua i ka ʻōnaehana pale o ke kino e ʻike a hoʻouka i nā maʻi kanesa. Ua hōʻike ka Immunotherapy i ka ʻōlelo koʻikoʻi i ka mālama ʻana i ka holomua RCC. Eia kekahi laʻana: Nā mea pale PD-1: Nivolumab (Opdivo), Pembrolizumab (Keytruda) ʻO nā mea pale CTLA-4: Ipilimumab (Yervoy) Hoʻohui Immunotherapy: Nivolumab me Ipilimumab Nā Lapaʻau ʻē aʻe Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia nā lāʻau lapaʻau ʻē aʻe i kekahi mau kūlana, e like me: Lapaʻau Radiation: Ke hoʻohana nei i nā kukuna ikaika nui e pepehi i nā maʻi maʻi maʻi. ʻAʻole hoʻohana maʻamau no RCC, akā hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia no ka mālama ʻana i nā metastases iwi a i ʻole e hoʻomaha i ka ʻeha. Nā lāʻau lapaʻau hoʻopau ʻana: Hoʻohana nā ʻenehana e like me ka radiofrequency ablation (RFA) a i ʻole cryoablation i ka wela a i ʻole ke anu e luku ai i ka ʻōpū. Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia kēia mau mea no nā ʻōpū liʻiliʻi i nā poʻe maʻi ʻaʻole maikaʻi nā moho no ke ʻoki. Nānā ʻeleu: No nā ma'i ma'i li'ili'i, ulu lohi, hiki i ka nānā 'ana (ka nānā kokoke) ke koho ma mua o ka mālama 'ana. ʻO ka maʻi maʻi maʻi maʻi maʻiʻO ka wānana o RCC ʻokoʻa ma muli o nā kumu he nui, me ka pae o ka maʻi kanesa, ka subtype, a me ke olakino holoʻokoʻa o ka mea maʻi. He mea koʻikoʻi ka ʻike mua ʻana a me ka mālama ʻana no ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i nā hopena. Wahi a ka ʻO ka papahana SEER a ka National Cancer Institute, ka 5 makahiki pili ola ola no ka localized RCC (ka maʻi kanesa ʻaʻole i laha ma waho o ka puʻupaʻa) kiʻekiʻe. Eia naʻe, emi nui ke ola no nā pae kiʻekiʻe o ka maʻi. 5-makahiki Relative Survival Rates for Renal Cell Carcinoma Stage 5-Year Relative Survival Rate Localized 93% Regional 71% mamao 15% All SEER Steps Combined 76% Kuhi ʻia kēia mau helu ma luna o ka poʻe i ʻike ʻia me ka maʻi. RCC i nā makahiki he nui aku nei, no laila, ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o nā helu ola i kēia manawa ma muli o ka holomua o ka mālama ʻana. ʻO ka maʻi maʻi maʻi maʻi maʻi, e 'imi i nā hana noi'i ma Shandong Baofa Cancer Research Institute, hoʻolaʻa no ka holomua ʻana i ka mālama maʻi kanesa.