ka mālama ʻana i ka maʻi maʻi maʻi renal cell carcinoma pathology

Lapaʻau ʻana i ka maʻi maʻi maʻi maʻi maʻi maʻi maʻi maʻi maʻi maʻi: kahi manaʻo maʻi

Ke ʻimi nei kēia alakaʻi holoʻokoʻa i ke ʻano o ka maʻi maʻi maʻi renal cell carcinoma (RCC), e ʻimi ana i kāna mau ʻano subtypes, nā ala diagnostic, a me nā hopena no nā hoʻolālā lapaʻau. Nānā mākou i nā hiʻohiʻona microscopic, nā hoʻololi genetic, a me nā mea prognostic e pili ana me RCC, e hāʻawi ana i kahi ʻike kikoʻī no nā limahana mālama olakino a me nā mea noiʻi.

Ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i ka maʻi maʻi maʻi maʻi Renal

Ka wehewehe ʻana i ka RCC a me kāna mau ʻano ʻano

ʻO ka maʻi maʻi maʻi maʻamau o Renal cell carcinoma, ke ʻano maʻamau o ka maʻi maʻi maʻi maʻi maʻi, hoʻokumu ʻia ma ka uhi o nā tubules kidney. Aia kekahi mau subtypes, kēlā me kēia me nā hiʻohiʻona pathological a me nā ʻano lapaʻau. Hoʻopili kēia mau mea i ka RCC cell clear (ccRCC), RCC papillary (pRCC), RCC chromophobe (chRCC), a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. He mea koʻikoʻi ka subtyping pololei no ke alakaʻi ʻana ka mālama ʻana i ka maʻi maʻi maʻi renal cell carcinoma pathology a me ka wānana wānana. ʻO ka hoʻokaʻawale pololei ʻana e hilinaʻi ʻia i ka nānā ʻana i ka microscopic akahele a me ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i ka immunohistochemical, e koi pinepine ana i ka ʻike i ka genitourinary pathology.

ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona Microscopic a me nā Koina Diagnostic

Hoʻokumu ʻia ka hōʻailona o RCC ma ka nānā ʻana i ka histopathological o nā ʻiʻo i loaʻa ma o ka biopsy a i ʻole ka ʻoki ʻoki ʻana. ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona microscopic kikoʻī, e like me ka morphology cell, nā hiʻohiʻona nuklea, a me nā ʻano ulu, kōkua i ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana ma waena o nā subtypes RCC. No ka laʻana, hōʻike ʻia ka ccRCC e ka cytoplasm maʻemaʻe, ʻoiai ke hōʻike nei ka pRCC i ka hoʻolālā papillary. He kuleana koʻikoʻi ka Immunohistochemistry i ka hōʻoia ʻana i ka maʻi a me ka ʻike ʻana i nā subtypes kikoʻī, e kōkua ana i ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe. ka mālama ʻana i ka maʻi maʻi maʻi renal cell carcinoma pathology nā hoʻolālā.

Hoʻololi Genetic a me Molecular Pathology

ʻO ke kuleana o nā Genetics i ka RCC Development

He mea koʻikoʻi ka hana ʻino o ka genetic i ka hoʻomohala ʻana a me ka holomua o RCC. ʻO ka hoʻololi pinepine ʻana o ka moʻo e pili ana i ka gene suppressor tumor von Hippel-Lindau (VHL), ʻoi aku ma ka ccRCC. ʻO nā genes ʻē aʻe, e like me PBRM1, BAP1, a me SETD2, ua hoʻololi pinepine ʻia i nā ʻano subtypes RCC like ʻole. He mea koʻikoʻi ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i kēia mau hoʻololi genetic no ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā lāʻau lapaʻau i kuhikuhi ʻia a hoʻomaikaʻi i nā hopena maʻi. Hoʻohana nui ʻia nā ʻenehana molecular kiʻekiʻe, e like me ke kaʻina o ka hanauna e hiki mai ana, e ʻike i kēia mau hoʻololi, e hoʻomaopopo ana i ka ka mālama ʻana i ka maʻi maʻi maʻi renal cell carcinoma pathology hoʻokokoke.

Nā Manaʻo no ka Lapaʻau Hoʻopaʻa ʻia

ʻO ka ʻike ʻana i nā hoʻololi genetic kikoʻī i RCC ua alakaʻi i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā lāʻau lapaʻau i kuhikuhi ʻia. No ka laʻana, hoʻohana mau ʻia nā mea hoʻopale o ka vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) a me ka mammalian target o rapamycin (mTOR) i ka RCC kiʻekiʻe, ʻoi aku ka poʻe me nā hoʻololi VHL. Hōʻike pinepine kēia mau mea hoʻolale i ka pono lapaʻau koʻikoʻi a hoʻomaikaʻi i nā helu ola. Ke hoʻomau nei ka noiʻi ʻana i ka molecular underpinnings o RCC e hoʻomau i ke ala no ka ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o nā lāʻau lapaʻau a me nā hoʻolālā lapaʻau pilikino.

Nā Kūlana Prognostic a me nā hoʻolālā lapaʻau

Ka wānana ʻana i ka wānana a me ke koho ʻana i ka lapaʻau

Hoʻopili kekahi mau mea i ka prognosis o RCC, me ka pae tumo, ka pae, a me ka subtype. ʻO ka loaʻa ʻana o ka maʻi metastatic ka hopena nui i ka helu ola. ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona pathological, e like me ka pae nuklea a me ka necrosis, kōkua pū kekahi i ka stratification prognostic. Pono kēia loiloi pathological kikoʻī no ke alakaʻi ʻana i nā hoʻoholo lapaʻau a me ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i nā ala lapaʻau no kēlā me kēia maʻi. ʻO ke koho ʻana o ka mālama ʻana i ka maʻi maʻi maʻi renal cell carcinoma pathology hilinaʻi nui i kēia loiloi.

Nā Koho Lapaʻau a me ko lākou kumu Pathological

ʻOkoʻa nā hoʻolālā lapaʻau no RCC ma muli o ke kahua a me ka pae o ka maʻi. ʻO ka ʻoki ʻoki ʻana ka lāʻau lapaʻau mua no RCC kūloko. No ka RCC kiʻekiʻe a i ʻole metastatic, hoʻohana ʻia nā lāʻau lapaʻau ʻōnaehana e like me nā mea i hoʻopaʻa ʻia a i ʻole immunotherapy. ʻO ke koho ʻana o ka lāʻau e alakaʻi pinepine ʻia e ka pathological subtype, genetic alterations, a me ke olakino holoʻokoʻa o ka mea maʻi. Ke ʻimi nei ka noiʻi ʻana i nā ala lapaʻau hou, me ka hoʻonui ʻana i ko mākou ʻike e pili ana i nā mīkini molekala e alakaʻi ana i ka hoʻomohala RCC.

Nā ʻenehana kiʻekiʻe ma RCC Pathology

Immunohistochemistry a me kāna mau noi

ʻO ka Immunohistochemistry (IHC) kahi mea waiwai nui i ka pathology RCC. Hoʻohana ʻia nā māka kikoʻī, e like me VHL, AMACR, a me PAX8 e ʻike i nā ʻano subtypes RCC a hoʻokaʻawale iā lākou mai nā maʻi maʻi renal ʻē aʻe. Hiki nō hoʻi i ka IHC ke kōkua i ka loiloi ʻana i ka pae tumo a me ka wānana wānana. Eia kekahi, he kuleana koʻikoʻi ka IHC i ka ʻike ʻana i nā pahuhopu therapeutic hiki ke hoʻomaopopo, e hoʻomaopopo i ka pilikino ka mālama ʻana i ka maʻi maʻi maʻi renal cell carcinoma pathology nā hoʻoholo.

Nā ʻenehana Pathology Molecular

Hoʻohana nui ʻia nā ʻenehana molecular kiʻekiʻe, e like me ka hanauna hou aʻe (NGS) a me ka fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), i ka pathology RCC. ʻAe ʻo NGS i ka hoʻopaʻa inoa genomic holoʻokoʻa, e ʻike ana i kahi ākea o nā hoʻololi genetic e hiki ke hoʻololi i ke koho ʻana a wānana i ka pane ʻana i ka lāʻau lapaʻau. Hiki i ka FISH ke ʻike i nā mea ʻino chromosomal kikoʻī, e hāʻawi ana i nā ʻike hou aku i ka biology tumor a me ka wānana.

ʻO ka ʻike i hāʻawi ʻia ma ʻaneʻi no nā kumu hoʻonaʻauao wale nō a ʻaʻole ia he ʻōlelo aʻo lapaʻau. No ka hōʻoia ʻana a me ka mālama ʻana i ka maʻi maʻi maʻi renal cell, e ʻoluʻolu e kamaʻilio me kahi ʻoihana mālama olakino kūpono.

No ka ʻike hou aku a me ke kākoʻo, e noʻonoʻo e kipa i ka Shandong Baofa Cancer Research Institute pūnaewele puni honua. Hāʻawi lākou i nā kumuwaiwai waiwai a me ka ʻike i ka mālama maʻi maʻi.