rcc lub raum cell carcinoma

RCC (Lub raum Cell Carcinoma) yog hom mob qog noj ntshav ntau tshaj plaws rau cov neeg laus. Kab lus no tshawb txog tus kab mob, suav nrog nws hom, cov tsos mob, kev kuaj mob, kev kho mob, thiab kev kuaj mob.Dab tsi yog Lub raum Cell Carcinoma?Lub raum Cell Carcinoma (RCC), los yog lub raum mob cancer, originates nyob rau hauv ob sab phlu ntawm lub proximal convoluted tubule, ib feem ntawm cov hlab me heev nyob rau hauv lub raum uas lim cov ntshav thiab tshem tawm cov khoom pov tseg. Nkag siab txog ntau hom thiab theem ntawm RCC yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev kho kom zoo. Hom ntawm Lub raum Cell CarcinomaNtau subtypes ntawm RCC muaj, txhua tus muaj cov yam ntxwv sib txawv thiab kev kho mob. Feem ntau hom muaj xws li: Clear Cell Lub raum Cell CarcinomaFeem ntau cov subtypes, accounting rau kwv yees li 70% ntawm RCC rooj plaub. Nws yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm cov hlwb uas pom meej lossis daj ntseg nyob rau hauv lub tshuab tsom iav vim muaj cov ntsiab lus lipid siab. Tau qhov twg los: American Cancer SocietyPapillary Lub raum Cell CarcinomaQhov thib ob feem ntau hom, muaj li ntawm 10-15% ntawm cov neeg mob. Papillary RCC Nws yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm cov ntiv tes zoo li qhov projections hu ua papillae. Nws feem ntau cuam tshuam nrog qee yam kab mob caj ces. Muaj ob hom subtypes: Hom 1 thiab Hom 2, nrog Hom 2 feem ntau ua nruj dua. Chromophobe Lub raum Cell CarcinomaQhov no subtype sawv cev kwv yees li 5% ntawm RCC rooj plaub. Chromophobe RCC feem ntau muaj qhov pom zoo dua piv rau cov cell ntshiab RCC. Cov cell yog loj thiab paler dua li ntshiab cell RCC cell.Collecting duct Lub raum Cell CarcinomaIb qho tsis tshua muaj thiab txhoj puab heev, suav txog tsawg dua 1% ntawm cov neeg mob. Sau cov kav dej RCC tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub sau ducts ntawm lub raum, uas thauj cov zis mus rau lub zais zis. Nws feem ntau kuaj tau nyob rau theem tom ntej thiab tuaj yeem nyuaj rau kev kho.Medullary Lub raum Cell CarcinomaLwm qhov tsis tshua muaj thiab txhoj puab heev subtype, feem ntau cuam tshuam rau cov tib neeg uas muaj kab mob ntawm tes. Medullary RCC feem ntau cuam tshuam nrog cov txiaj ntsig tsis zoo. Cov tsos mob ntawm Lub raum Cell CarcinomaThaum ntxov theem ntawm RCC tej zaum yuav tsis pom cov tsos mob. Txawm li cas los xij, raws li cov qog loj hlob tuaj, cov tsos mob yuav muaj xws li: Ntshav hauv cov zis (hematuria) Mob tsis tu ncua ntawm sab lossis nraub qaum Ib pob lossis loj nyob rau sab lossis sab nraub qaum Tsis piav qhia yuag poob Kev tshaib plab Ua npaws uas tsis yog tshwm sim los ntawm kab mob ntshav qab zib (cov ntshav liab qis qis) Yog tias koj muaj cov tsos mob no, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau kev sab laj nrog kws kho mob. Lub raum Cell CarcinomaKev kuaj mob RCC Feem ntau suav nrog kev tshuaj xyuas lub cev, kev kuaj pom, thiab kev kuaj ntshav biopsy.Imaging TestsImaging cov tswv yim ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev kuaj xyuas thiab kuaj. RCC. Cov kev ntsuam xyuas imaging feem ntau muaj xws li: Tomography (CT) scan: Muab cov ncauj lus kom ntxaws txog cov duab sib luag ntawm ob lub raum thiab cov ntaub so ntswg ib puag ncig. Sib nqus Resonance Imaging (MRI): Muab cov ntaub so ntswg zoo sib xws thiab tshwj xeeb tshaj yog muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau kev ntsuas qhov loj ntawm cov qog thiab kuaj pom kis mus rau cov qauv nyob ze. Ultrasound: tuaj yeem pab sib txawv ntawm cov khoom loj thiab cov kua dej puv hauv lub raum. Lub raum Arteriography (Angiography): Kev kuaj X-ray ntawm lub raum cov hlab ntsha tom qab dye tau txhaj. Nws yog siv tsawg dua li CT lossis MRI.BiopsyA biopsy yuav tshem tawm cov qauv me me ntawm lub raum mus kuaj hauv lub tshuab ntsuas. Ib qho biopsy yog tsim nyog los xyuas kom meej qhov kev kuaj mob RCC thiab txiav txim qhov subtype. Cov duab qhia biopsies feem ntau ua tau siv CT lossis ultrasound los xyuas kom meej lub hom phiaj ntawm qhov tsis txaus ntseeg. Cov theem ntawm Lub raum Cell CarcinomaThe stage of RCC hais txog qhov mob qog noj ntshav thiab seb nws puas kis mus rau lwm qhov ntawm lub cev. Staging yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev txiav txim siab txog txoj kev kho kom tsim nyog thiab kev kwv yees kwv yees. TNM (Tumor, Node, Metastasis) staging system feem ntau siv: T (Tumor): Piav txog qhov loj thiab qhov loj ntawm cov qog thawj zaug. N (Ntxiv): Qhia seb puas mob qog noj ntshav tau kis mus rau cov qog ntshav nyob ze. M (Metastasis): Qhia seb tus kab mob qog noj ntshav tau kis mus rau qhov chaw nyob deb li cas, xws li lub ntsws, pob txha, lossis lub hlwb. Cov theem ntawm I mus rau IV, nrog rau theem kuv yog theem ntxov tshaj plaws thiab theem IV yog qhov siab tshaj plaws. Cov kev kho mob rau Lub raum Cell CarcinomaKev kho mob rau RCC nyob ntawm ntau yam, nrog rau theem ntawm tus mob qog noj ntshav, tus neeg mob txoj kev noj qab haus huv tag nrho, thiab kev nyiam ntawm tus kheej. Cov kev kho mob uas muaj xws li: Kev phais phais tshem tawm cov qog feem ntau yog thawj qhov kev kho mob hauv zos RCC (Stages I-III). Cov kev xaiv phais muaj xws li: Ib nrab Nephrectomy: Kev tshem tawm tsuas yog cov qog thiab ib qho me me ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg noj qab haus huv. Txoj kev no yog qhov zoo dua yog tias ua tau kom khaws lub raum ua haujlwm. Radical Nephrectomy: Kev tshem tawm tag nrho lub raum, nrog rau cov ntaub so ntswg ib puag ncig, xws li cov qog adrenal thiab cov qog ntshav. Qhov no feem ntau yog ua rau cov qog loj dua lossis thaum ib feem ntawm nephrectomy tsis ua tau.Targeted TherapyTargeted therapies yog cov tshuaj uas tshwj xeeb tsom rau cov molecules koom nrog hauv kev mob qog noj ntshav thiab ciaj sia. Cov tshuaj no tuaj yeem ua tau zoo hauv kev kho mob siab heev RCC (Theem IV) thiab kuj tseem siv tau rau cov theem ua ntej hauv qee qhov xwm txheej. Piv txwv li: VEGF Inhibitors: Sunitinib (Sutent), Sorafenib (Nexavar), Pazopanib (Votrient), Axitinib (Inlyta), Bevacizumab (Avastin) mTOR Inhibitors: Temsirolimus (Torisel), Everolimus (Afinitor)ImmunotherapyImmunotherapy tshuaj pab lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob paub thiab tua cov qog nqaij hlav cancer. Immunotherapy tau pom cov lus cog tseg tseem ceeb hauv kev kho mob siab heev RCC. Piv txwv li: PD-1 inhibitors: Nivolumab (Opdivo), Pembrolizumab (Keytruda) CTLA-4 Inhibitors: Ipilimumab (Yervoy) Combination Immunotherapy: Nivolumab ntxiv rau IpilimumabOther TreatmentsLwm cov kev kho mob yuav siv tau nyob rau hauv tej lub sij hawm, xws li: Kev kho hluav taws xob: Siv cov hluav taws xob muaj zog los tua cov qog nqaij hlav cancer. Nws tsis yog feem ntau siv rau RCC, tab sis nws yuav siv tau los kho cov pob txha metastases lossis txo qhov mob. Kev Kho Mob Ablation: Cov txuj ci zoo li xov tooj cua ablation (RFA) los yog cryoablation siv cua sov los yog txias los rhuav tshem cov qog. Cov no tuaj yeem siv rau cov qog me me hauv cov neeg mob uas tsis zoo rau kev phais. Active Surveillance: Rau cov qog nqaij hlav me me, qeeb qeeb, kev soj ntsuam nquag (kev soj ntsuam ze) yuav yog ib qho kev xaiv es tsis txhob kho tam sim. Lub raum Cell CarcinomaLub prognosis ntawm RCC Nws txawv nyob ntawm ntau yam, nrog rau theem ntawm tus mob qog noj ntshav, tus kab mob subtype, thiab tus neeg mob qhov kev noj qab haus huv tag nrho. Kev tshawb pom ntxov thiab kev kho mob yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev txhim kho cov txiaj ntsig. Raws li cov National Cancer Institute's SEER program, 5-xyoo tus txheeb ze ciaj sia nyob rau hauv zos RCC (mob qog noj ntshav uas tsis kis mus rau sab nraud ntawm lub raum) yog siab heev. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov ciaj sia taus txo qis heev rau theem siab ntawm tus kab mob. 5-Xyoo Cov kwv tij ciaj sia taus tus nqi rau lub raum mob qog noj ntshav theem 5-xyoo tus txheeb ze ciaj sia nyob tus nqi Localized 93% Regional 71% Nyob deb 15% Tag nrho cov SEER theem sib sau ua ke 76% cov zauv no yog raws li cov neeg uas tau kuaj mob. RCC ntau xyoo dhau los, yog li cov ciaj sia taus yuav siab dua tam sim no vim kev nce qib hauv kev kho mob.Rau cov kws tshaj lij kev pom thiab kev kho mob siab heev rau Lub raum Cell Carcinoma, tshawb nrhiav kev tshawb fawb pib ntawm Shandong Baofa Cancer Research Institute, mob siab rau kev kho mob qog noj ntshav.