ukwelashwa okungcono kakhulu komdlavuza wamaphaphu

Izinketho Ezingcono Kakhulu Zokwelapha Umdlavuza Wamaphaphu: Umhlahlandlela OpheleleLo mhlahlandlela unikeza umbono jikelele wamanje ukwelashwa okungcono kakhulu komdlavuza wamaphaphu izinketho, ezihlanganisa izigaba ezihlukahlukene kanye nezinhlobo zesifo. Sihlola izinqubo zokuhlinzwa, ukwelapha ngamakhemikhali, ukwelapha ngemisebe, ukwelashwa okuhlosiwe, i-immunotherapy, nokunakekelwa okusekelayo, sikusiza uqonde izinto eziyinkimbinkimbi ezihilelekile ekukhetheni indlela yokwelashwa efanele. Ulwazi lwethulwa ngezinjongo zokufundisa futhi akufanele luthathwe njengeseluleko sezokwelapha. Hlala uthintana nodokotela wakho we-oncologist ukuze uthole izincomo eziqondene nawe.

Ukuqonda Umdlavuza Wamaphaphu

Izinhlobo Zomdlavuza Wamaphaphu

Umdlavuza wamaphaphu uhlukaniswe kabanzi ngezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko: umdlavuza wamaphaphu omncane wamangqamuzana (SCLC) kanye nomdlavuza wamaphaphu ongewona omncane (NSCLC). I-NSCLC ilandisa ngenani elikhulu lokuxilongwa komdlavuza wamaphaphu futhi iphinde ihlukaniswe yaba yizinhlobo ezincane, okuhlanganisa i-adenocarcinoma, i-squamous cell carcinoma, kanye ne-cell carcinoma enkulu. Uhlobo oluthile lwe ukwelashwa okungcono kakhulu komdlavuza wamaphaphu kuzoncika kakhulu ohlotsheni lweseli kanye nesigaba somdlavuza.

Ukutholakala komdlavuza wamaphaphu

Isiteji sinquma izinga lokusabalala komdlavuza. Izigaba zisukela ku-I (okwenziwe endaweni) kuye ku-IV (i-metastatic). Isiteji sibalulekile ekunqumeni okufanele kakhulu ukwelashwa okungcono kakhulu komdlavuza wamaphaphu uhlelo. Lokhu kuvame ukubandakanya ukuhlolwa kwesithombe njengama-CT scans, ama-PET scan, kanye nama-biopsies okungenzeka akhona.

Izinketho Zokwelapha Umdlavuza Wamaphaphu

Ukuhlinzwa

Ukususwa ngokuhlinzwa kwesimila esinomdlavuza ngokuvamile kuyindlela ekhethwayo yomdlavuza wamaphaphu osaqala. Kukhona amasu amaningana, njenge-lobectomy (ukususwa kwe-lobe yamaphaphu), i-pneumonectomy (ukususwa kwephaphu lonke), kanye nokukhishwa kwe-wedge (ukususwa kwengxenye encane yezicubu zamaphaphu). Inqubo ethile yokuhlinzwa incike ngobukhulu kanye nendawo yesimila. Amasu ahlasela kancane afana nokuhlinzwa kwethoracoscopic okusizwa ngevidiyo (i-VATS) aya ngokuya esetshenziswa ukuze kuncishiswe ukuhlukumezeka nesikhathi sokululama.

I-Chemotherapy

I-Chemotherapy isebenzisa izidakamizwa ukubulala amangqamuzana omdlavuza. Ivamise ukusetshenziswa ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa (i-neoadjuvant chemotherapy) ukuze kunciphe izimila, ngemva kokuhlinzwa (i-adjuvant chemotherapy) ukuze kuqedwe amangqamuzana omdlavuza asele, noma njengokwelashwa okuyinhloko komdlavuza wamaphaphu osesiteji esithuthukisiwe. Izidakamizwa ezisetshenziswa kakhulu ngamakhemikhali zihlanganisa i-cisplatin, i-carboplatin, i-paclitaxel, ne-docetaxel. Imiphumela engemihle ingabaluleka futhi ihluke kuye ngohlobo oluthile lwemithi.

Ukwelapha Ngemisebe

Ukwelapha ngemisebe kusebenzisa imisebe enamandla amakhulu ukucekela phansi amangqamuzana omdlavuza. Ingasetshenziswa iyodwa noma ihlanganiswe nezinye izindlela zokwelapha. Ukwelashwa ngemisebe yangaphandle kukhipha imisebe emshinini ongaphandle komzimba. I-Brachytherapy ihilela ukubeka izinto ezikhipha imisebe ngqo phakathi noma eduze kwesimila. Imiphumela engemihle ingabandakanya ukukhathala, ukucasuka kwesikhumba, nokuvuvukala kwamaphaphu.

Ukwelapha Okuhlosiwe

Ukwelapha okuhlosiwe kusebenzisa izidakamizwa eziqondise ngokuqondile amangqamuzana omdlavuza, okunciphisa ukulimala kwamaseli anempilo. Le mithi ivamise ukukhomba izinguquko ezithile zofuzo noma amaprotheni atholakala kumaseli omdlavuza. Izibonelo zifaka i-EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) njenge-gefitinib ne-erlotinib, i-ALK inhibitors njenge-crizotinib, ne-ROS1 inhibitors. Ukuhlolwa okuvamile kokuguqulwa kwezakhi zofuzo ezithile kuyadingeka ukuze kunqunywe ukuthi isiguli siyikhandidethi elifanelekile yini lokwelashwa okuhlosiwe.

I-Immunotherapy

I-Immunotherapy ihlanganisa amasosha omzimba ukuze alwe nomdlavuza. Kuyasiza ukugqugquzela amasosha omzimba ukuthi abone futhi ahlasele amangqamuzana omdlavuza. I-Checkpoint inhibitors, njenge-pembrolizumab ne-nivolumab, ivame ukusetshenziswa izidakamizwa ze-immunotherapy. Avimba amaprotheni avimbela amasosha omzimba ekuhlaseleni amangqamuzana omdlavuza.

Ukunakekela Okusekelayo

Ukunakekelwa okusekelayo kugxile ekulawuleni izimpawu kanye nokwenza ngcono izinga lempilo yesiguli. Kungase kuhlanganise ukuphathwa kwezinhlungu, ukwesekwa kokudla okunomsoco, ukwelashwa kokuphefumula, nokusekelwa kwengqondo. Lesi sici sokunakekela sibalulekile kuyo yonke inqubo yokwelapha.

Ukukhetha Uhlelo Lokwelapha Olungcono Kakhulu

I ukwelashwa okungcono kakhulu komdlavuza wamaphaphu uhlelo luqondene nomuntu ngamunye kakhulu futhi luncike ezicini eziningana, okuhlanganisa: Uhlobo nesigaba somdlavuza wamaphaphu Impilo nokuqina kwesiguli iyonke Okuthandwa umuntu Ukutholakala kwezinketho zokwelaphaIqembu elixube imikhakha eminingi, ngokuvamile elihlanganisa odokotela be-oncologists, odokotela abahlinzayo, odokotela be-radiologist, nabanye ochwepheshe, lizosebenzisana ukuze lenze uhlelo lokwelapha lomuntu siqu. Ukuxhumana okuvulekile nethimba lakho lezempilo kubalulekile ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi uyaziqonda izinketho zakho futhi ungenza izinqumo ezinolwazi.

Lapho Ungathola Khona Ulwazi Oluthembekile Nokwesekwa

Ukuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe nokwesekwa mayelana nomdlavuza wamaphaphu, ungahlola izinsiza ezinhlanganweni ezihlonishwayo njenge-American Cancer Society kanye ne-National Cancer Institute. I-American Cancer Society futhi I-National Cancer Institute inikeza ulwazi olubanzi mayelana nokuxilongwa komdlavuza wamaphaphu, ukwelashwa, kanye nezinsizakalo zokweseka. Cabangela ukufuna amaqembu okusekela noma izinsizakalo zokwelulekwa ukuze uthole usizo lwemizwa nolungokoqobo ngalesi sikhathi esiyinselele. Ngokunakekelwa okuthuthukile noma okuyisipesheli, ungase futhi ufise ukubonisana nezikhungo ezigxile ekwelapheni umdlavuza, njengeShandong Baofa Cancer Research Institute. Ungafunda kabanzi ngokuvakashela iwebhusayithi yabo kokuthi https://www.baofahospital.com/.