isimila ebuchosheni

Izimila zobuchopho kukhona ukukhula okungavamile ngaphakathi kobuchopho okungaphazamisa imisebenzi yabo evamile. Ukutholwa kusenesikhathi kanye nokwelashwa okufanele kubalulekile ekulawuleni lezi zimo. Lo mhlahlandlela ophelele uhlanganisa ulwazi olubalulekile mayelana izimila zobuchopho, okuhlanganisa izimpawu zabo, ukuxilongwa, kanye nezinketho zakamuva zokwelapha ezitholakala ezikhungweni ezihamba phambili ezifana I-Shandong Baofa Cancer Research Institute.Yini I-Brain Tumor?A isimila ebuchosheni inqwaba noma ukukhula kwamaseli angavamile ebuchosheni. Lezi zimila zingaba yingozi (ezingezona umdlavuza) noma zibe yingozi (umdlavuza). Izimila eziyingozi zingakhula ngokushesha futhi zihlasele izicubu zobuchopho ezizungezile, kuyilapho izimila ezinobungozi zivame ukukhula kancane futhi mancane amathuba okuba zisakazeke. Zombili izinhlobo zezimila zingadala izinkinga ezinkulu ngokufaka ingcindezi ebuchosheni futhi ziphazamise ukusebenza kwawo okuvamile. Ngo I-Shandong Baofa Cancer Research Institute, sizinikele ekutholeni izixazululo ezinqenqemeni zomdlavuza, kuhlanganise izimila zobuchopho.Izinhlobo Zezimila ZobuchophoIzimila zobuchopho zihlukaniswa ngokusekelwe ohlotsheni lweseli ezisuka kulo nokuziphatha kwazo. Ezinye izinhlobo ezijwayelekile zihlanganisa: I-Gliomas: Lezi zinhlobo ezivame kakhulu isimila ebuchosheni futhi avele kumaseli e-glial, asekela amangqamuzana ezinzwa ebuchosheni. Izibonelo zifaka i-astrocytomas, i-oligodendroglioma, nama-glioblastoma. I-Meningiomas: Lezi zimila zivela kuma-meninges, ulwelwesi oluzungeza futhi luvikele ubuchopho nomgogodla. Zivame ukulunga. I-Acoustic Neuromas (Schwannomas): Lezi zimila zikhula emthanjeni we-vestibulocochlear, oxhumanisa indlebe yangaphakathi nobuchopho. I-Pituitary Tumors: Lezi zimila zikhula ku-pituitary gland, indlala encane engaphansi kobuchopho elawula ukukhiqizwa kwamahomoni. I-Metastatic Brain Tumors: Lezi zimila zenzeka lapho amangqamuzana omdlavuza akwezinye izingxenye zomzimba, njengephaphu, ibele, noma isikhumba, esakazekela ebuchosheni.Izimpawu Zethumba LobuchophoIzimpawu ze isimila ebuchosheni zingahluka kakhulu kuye ngosayizi wesimila, indawo, kanye nezinga lokukhula. Izimpawu ezijwayelekile zihlanganisa: Ikhanda elibuhlungu: Ngokuvamile kubi kakhulu ekuseni futhi kungase kuhambisane nesicanucanu noma ukuhlanza. Ukubanjwa: Kungaba uphawu lokuqala lwe-a isimila ebuchosheni. Izinkinga Zombono: Ukubona okufiphele, ukubona okukabili, noma ukulahlekelwa ukubona okuzungezile. Ubunzima Bokukhuluma: Inkinga yokukhuluma noma yokuqonda ulimi. Ubuthakathaka noma Ubuthuntu: Ezingalweni noma emilenzeni. Izinkinga zebhalansi: Ubunzima bokuhamba noma ukugcina ibhalansi. Izinguquko kubuntu noma ekuziphatheni: Ukucasuka, ukudideka, noma izinkinga zenkumbulo.Ukuxilongwa Kwezimila ZobuchophoUkuhlola a isimila ebuchosheni ngokuvamile kuhilela inhlanganisela yokuhlolwa kwezinzwa nokuhlolwa kwesithombe.Ukuhlolwa KwezinzwaUkuhlolwa kwezinzwa kuhlola ukubona kwesiguli, ukuzwa, ukulinganisela, ukusebenzisana, ukukhalipha, kanye nokusebenza kwengqondo. Ukuhlolwa kwesithombe okujwayelekile kufaka: I-MRI (i-Magnetic Resonance Imaging): Inikeza izithombe ezinemininingwane yobuchopho futhi ingasiza ekuboneni ubukhulu, indawo, nezici ze-a isimila ebuchosheni. I-CT Scan (i-Computed Tomography): Isebenzisa ama-X-ray ukuze idale izithombe ezihlukene zobuchopho. I-PET Scan (i-Positron Emission Tomography): Ingasiza ekunqumeni umsebenzi we-metabolic we-a isimila ebuchosheni.I-BiopsyI-biopsy ihilela ukukhipha isampula elincane lesicubu ku isimila ebuchosheni ukuhlolwa ngaphansi kwesibonakhulu. Lokhu kusiza ekunqumeni uhlobo lwesimila kanye nokuthi asilungile noma sibi.Izinketho Zokwelashwa Zethumba LobuchophoUkwelashwa izimila zobuchopho kuncike ezicini eziningana, okuhlanganisa uhlobo, ubukhulu, indawo, kanye nebanga lesimila, kanye nempilo yesiguli iyonke. Izinketho zokwelashwa ezivamile zihlanganisa:UkuhlinzwaUkuhlinzwa kuvame ukuba umugqa wokuqala wokwelapha ukuze kufinyeleleke izimila zobuchopho. Umgomo wokuhlinzwa uwukukhipha isimila esiningi ngangokunokwenzeka ngaphandle kokulimaza izicubu zobuchopho ezizungezile. Izindlela zokuhlinza ezithuthukisiwe, ezinjengokuhlinzwa okuqondiswa isithombe kanye nokuhlinzwa okuncane kakhulu, kungasiza ekuthuthukiseni imiphumela futhi kunciphise ingozi yezinkinga.Ukwelashwa ngemisebeUkwelashwa ngemisebe kusebenzisa imisebe yamandla amakhulu ukubulala. isimila ebuchosheni amaseli. Ingasetshenziswa yodwa noma ihlanganiswe nokuhlinzwa kanye nokwelashwa ngamakhemikhali. Izinhlobo zokwelapha ngemisebe zihlanganisa ukwelapha ngemisebe yangaphandle, i-stereotactic radiosurgery (isb., i-Gamma Knife), kanye ne-brachytherapy.I-ChemotherapyI-Chemotherapy isebenzisa izidakamizwa ukubulala amangqamuzana omdlavuza. Ingalawulwa ngomlomo noma ngomjovo. I-Chemotherapy ivame ukusetshenziselwa ukwelapha izifo eziyingozi izimila zobuchopho, ikakhulukazi i-gliomas.I-Targeted TherapyTargeted therapy isebenzisa izidakamizwa eziqondise ngokuqondile izici eziyingqayizivele zamangqamuzana omdlavuza. Le mithi ingasiza ekubambezeleni ukukhula kwe izimila zobuchopho noma abulale amangqamuzana omdlavuza ngaphandle kokulimaza amangqamuzana anempilo. Izibonelo zifaka i-bevacizumab (Avastin) ne-erlotinib (Tarceva).I-ImmunotherapyImmunotherapy isebenzisa amasosha omzimba ukulwa nomdlavuza. Ingasetshenziswa ukwelapha izinhlobo ezithile ze izimila zobuchopho, njengemelanoma eye yasakazekela ebuchosheni. Izibonelo zifaka ama-checkpoint inhibitor afana ne-pembrolizumab (Keytruda) ne-nivolumab (Opdivo). izimila zobuchopho. Ukubamba iqhaza ocwaningweni lomtholampilo kungase kunikeze iziguli ukufinyelela ekwelashweni okusha okungakatholakali kabanzi izimila zobuchopho kuyahlukahluka kuye ngezinto eziningana, okuhlanganisa uhlobo nebanga lesimila, ubudala besiguli nempilo iyonke, kanye nokwelashwa okutholiwe. Izilinganiso zokusinda zingasukela ezinyangeni ezimbalwa kuye eminyakeni eminingi.Nasi isibonelo sedatha yezinga lokusinda yamabanga ahlukene e-astrocytoma (uhlobo lwe-glioma). Qaphela ukuthi lezi izibalo ezijwayelekile kanye nemiphumela ngayinye ingahluka: Ibanga Le-Tumor Grade 5-Year Survival Rate (elilinganisiwe) IBanga I Astrocytoma (Pilocytic Astrocytoma) 80-90% IBanga II Astrocytoma (Diffuse Astrocytoma) 50-70% Ibanga III I-Astrocytoma% IV I-Astrocytoma4% Astrocytoma4 I-Astrocytoma (Glioblastoma Multiforme - GBM) 5-10% Umthombo: Idatha ethathwe emithonjeni ehlukahlukene, okuhlanganisa i-National Cancer Institute (NCI) kanye ne-American Cancer Society (ACS). Lawa mazinga ayizilinganiso futhi angahluka kuye ngesiguli ngasinye. Ukuphila Nethumba LobuchophoUkuphila ne isimila ebuchosheni kungaba yinselele, ngokomzimba nangokomzwelo. Amaqembu okusekela, ukwelulekwa, kanye nezinsizakalo zokuhlunyeleliswa kwezimilo zingasiza iziguli kanye nemindeni yazo ukubhekana nezinselele izimila zobuchopho. Ukugcina indlela yokuphila enempilo, okuhlanganisa ukudla okulinganiselayo, ukuvivinya umzimba njalo, nezindlela zokulawula ukucindezeleka, nakho kungathuthukisa izinga lokuphila.Izimila zobuchopho yizimo eziyinkimbinkimbi ezidinga ukunakekelwa okukhethekile. Ukutholwa kusenesikhathi, ukuxilongwa okunembile, nokwelashwa okufanele kubalulekile ukuze kuthuthukiswe imiphumela. Uma wena noma othandekayo etholwe ukuthi une-a isimila ebuchosheni, kubalulekile ukufuna ukunakekelwa eqenjini lochwepheshe bemikhakha eminingi elinganikeza izincomo zokwelashwa komuntu siqu. Funda kabanzi ngocwaningo lwethu lomdlavuza kanye nezinketho zokwelapha ku I-Shandong Baofa Cancer Research Institute.