ukwelashwa komdlavuza wamaphaphu ngesiteji

Ukwelashwa Komdlavuza Wamaphaphu Ngesigaba: Umhlahlandlela Ophelele Izinketho zokwelapha umdlavuza wamaphaphu ziyehluka kakhulu kuye ngesigaba somdlavuza. Lo mhlahlandlela uhlinzeka ngemininingwane yokwelashwa kwesigaba ngasinye, ugcizelela ukubaluleka kokutholwa kusenesikhathi nokunakekelwa komuntu siqu. Sizohlola izinketho zokuhlinzwa, ukwelapha ngemisebe, ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali, ukwelashwa okuhlosiwe, kanye ne-immunotherapy, kanye nokucatshangelwa kokunakekelwa okusekelayo. Khumbula, lolu lwazi ololwazi olujwayelekile futhi akufanele esikhundleni sokubonisana nochwepheshe bezokwelapha.

Ukuqonda Izigaba Zomdlavuza Wamaphaphu

Umdlavuza wamaphaphu uhlelwa kusetshenziswa isistimu echaza usayizi nendawo yesimila, noma ngabe sesabalale kuma-lymph node aseduze, nokuthi ingabe simetastasized (sabalale) ezingxenyeni ezikude zomzimba. Uhlelo lwesiteji lusiza odokotela ukuthi banqume inkambo engcono kakhulu ukwelashwa komdlavuza wamaphaphu ngesiteji. Izigaba ngokuvamile zibalwa ukusuka ku-I kuye ku-IV, mina ngingowokuqala futhi IV ngihamba phambili kakhulu.

Stage I Lung Cancer

Esigabeni I ukwelashwa komdlavuza wamaphaphu ngesiteji ngokuvamile kuhilela ukuhlinzwa ukuze kukhishwe isimila kanye nezicubu zamaphaphu ezizungezile. Inqubo ethile incike endaweni kanye nosayizi wesimila. Kwesinye isikhathi, i-adjuvant chemotherapy noma ukwelapha ngemisebe kungase kunconywe ngemva kokuhlinzwa ukuze kuncishiswe ingozi yokuphinda. Ukutholwa kusenesikhathi kulesi sigaba kuthuthukisa kakhulu ukubikezelwa.

Isigaba II Umdlavuza wamaphaphu

Isigaba II ukwelashwa komdlavuza wamaphaphu ngesiteji ngokuvamile kuhilela ukuhlinzwa, ngokuvamile okulandelwa i-adjuvant chemotherapy noma ukwelapha ngemisebe. Ubukhulu bokuhlinzwa bungase buhluke kuye ngosayizi wethumba nendawo. Umgomo uwukukhipha ngokuphelele isimila futhi uvimbele ukuphindaphinda.

Isigaba III Umdlavuza wamaphaphu

Isigaba III ukwelashwa komdlavuza wamaphaphu ngesiteji kuyinkimbinkimbi futhi kungase kuhlanganise inhlanganisela yokwelashwa. Izinketho zihlanganisa ukuhlinzwa (uma kungenzeka), ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali, nokwelashwa ngemisebe. Lesi sigaba sivame ukuhlukaniswa iziqephu (IIIA, IIIB) ukuze siqondise izinqumo zokwelashwa. Intuthuko kumasu emisebe, njenge-stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT), ibe nemiphumela ethuthukisiwe kwezinye iziguli ezinomdlavuza wamaphaphu weSigaba III.

Isigaba IV Umdlavuza wamaphaphu

Isigaba IV ukwelashwa komdlavuza wamaphaphu ngesiteji kuthathwa njenge-metastatic, okusho ukuthi umdlavuza ususabalele ezithweni ezikude. Ukwelashwa kugxile ekulawuleni izimpawu, ukuthuthukisa izinga lempilo, nokwelula ukusinda. Izinketho zingabandakanya ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali, ukwelashwa okuhlosiwe (izidakamizwa eziqondise amangqamuzana omdlavuza), kanye ne-immunotherapy (okuhlanganisa amasosha omzimba ukuze alwe nomdlavuza). Ukuhlolwa komtholampilo kungase futhi kube ukucatshangelwa.

Izinketho Zokwelapha Umdlavuza Wamaphaphu

Ziningi izindlela zokwelapha ezitholakalayo, ngayinye inesethi yayo yezinzuzo kanye nezingozi. Ukukhethwa kwendlela yokwelashwa kuncike ezicini eziningana, okuhlanganisa isigaba somdlavuza, impilo yesiguli iyonke, nezinto ezithandwa umuntu siqu. Hlala uxoxa ngezinketho zokwelapha nodokotela wakho.

Ukuhlinzwa

Ukuhlinzwa kuvame ukuba yindlela yokwelapha eyinhloko yomdlavuza wamaphaphu osaqala. Kusetshenziswa izindlela ezihlukene zokuhlinza kuye ngendawo nobukhulu besimila. Lokhu kungase kuhlanganise i-lobectomy (ukususwa kwe-lobe yamaphaphu), i-pneumonectomy (ukususwa kwephaphu lonke), noma ukukhipha inkaba (ukususwa kwengxenye encane yephaphu). Izindlela zokuhlinza ezingenele kancane, njengokuhlinzwa kwethoracoscopic okusizwa ngevidiyo (i-VATS), ziya ngokuya zivame.

Ukwelapha Ngemisebe

Ukwelapha ngemisebe kusebenzisa imisebe enamandla amakhulu ukubulala amangqamuzana omdlavuza. Ingasetshenziswa iyodwa noma ihlanganiswe nezinye izindlela zokwelapha. Ukwelashwa kwe-radiation ye-beam yangaphandle kuwuhlobo oluvame kakhulu. Kwezinye izimo, i-brachytherapy (ukwelashwa ngemisebe yangaphakathi) ingasetshenziswa.

I-Chemotherapy

I-Chemotherapy isebenzisa izidakamizwa ukubulala amangqamuzana omdlavuza kuwo wonke umzimba. Ingasetshenziswa ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa (i-neoadjuvant chemotherapy), ngemva kokuhlinzwa (i-adjuvant chemotherapy), noma njengokwelashwa okuyinhloko komdlavuza wamaphaphu osesiteji esithuthukisiwe.

Ukwelapha Okuhlosiwe

Ukwelashwa okuhlosiwe kusebenzisa izidakamizwa eziqondise ama-molecule athile abandakanyeka ekukhuleni kwamangqamuzana omdlavuza. Lezi zindlela zokwelapha zisebenza kangcono ezinhlotsheni ezithile zomdlavuza wamaphaphu futhi zivame ukusetshenziswa ngokuhlangana nezinye izindlela zokwelapha.

I-Immunotherapy

I-Immunotherapy isiza amasosha omzimba ukulwa namaseli omdlavuza. Kunezinhlobo eziningana ze-immunotherapy ezitholakalayo zomdlavuza wamaphaphu. Lezi zindlela zokwelapha zibaluleke kakhulu ekulweni nomdlavuza wamaphaphu othuthukile.

Ukunakekela Okusekelayo

Ukunakekelwa okusekelayo kubalulekile kulo lonke ukwelashwa komdlavuza wamaphaphu ngesiteji inqubo. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukulawula izimpawu ezinjengobuhlungu, ukukhathala, nokuphelelwa umoya; ukuhlinzeka ngosizo lokudla okunomsoco; kanye nokunikeza ukwesekwa ngokomzwelo nangokwengqondo. Ukunakekelwa kwe-Palliative kugxile ekuthuthukiseni izinga lempilo yeziguli ezinomdlavuza wamaphaphu osezingeni eliphezulu.

Ukuthola Ukunakekelwa Okufanele

Ukutholwa kusenesikhathi nokuxilongwa kubalulekile ukuze uphumelele ukwelashwa komdlavuza wamaphaphu ngesiteji. Uma unokukhathazeka ngomdlavuza wamaphaphu, thintana nochwepheshe bezempilo ngokushesha. Ukuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe mayelana nokunakekelwa okuthuthukisiwe komdlavuza kanye nocwaningo, ungabheka izinsiza ezivela ezinhlanganweni ezinedumela elihle njengeNational Cancer Institute (https://www.cancer.gov/). Kulabo abafuna ukunakekelwa okukhethekile, i I-Shandong Baofa Cancer Research Institute inikeza amasevisi aphelele.

Umshwana wokuzihlangula: Lolu lwazi ololwazi jikelele futhi aluhlanganisi iseluleko sezokwelapha. Hlala uthintana nochwepheshe bezempilo ukuze uxilongwe futhi welashwe.