ukwelashwa kwesimila samaphaphu

Ukwelashwa Kwethumba Lamaphaphu: Umhlahlandlela OpheleleUkuqonda ubunzima be ukwelashwa kwesimila samaphaphu kudinga indlela enezici eziningi, ehlanganisa ukuxilongwa, isiteji, kanye nezinketho zokwelashwa eziklanyelwe izidingo zesiguli ngasinye. Lo mhlahlandlela unikeza ukubuka kabanzi kwamanje ukwelashwa kwesimila samaphaphu izindlela, ezichaza ukusebenza kwazo, imiphumela engemihle, nokufaneleka ezigabeni ezahlukene zesifo. Sizohlola izinketho zokuhlinzwa, ukwelapha ngemisebe, ukwelapha ngamakhemikhali, ukwelashwa okuqondiwe, kanye nokwelashwa kwamasosha omzimba, sigcizelela ukubaluleka kwecebo lokwelapha lomuntu siqu elakhiwe ngokubonisana nodokotela onolwazi lwe-oncologist.

Ukuxilongwa kanye Nokuma Kwezimila Zamaphaphu

Ukuxilongwa okunembile kanye nesiteji kubalulekile ekunqumeni okufanele kakhulu ukwelashwa kwesimila samaphaphu isu. Lokhu ngokuvamile kuhilela izinqubo ezimbalwa:

Amasu Omfanekiso

Ama-X-ray esifuba, ama-CT scan, ama-PET scan, nama-MRI scan asetshenziswa ukuze ubone ngeso lengqondo isimila, kuhlolwe ubukhulu baso nendawo esikuyo, futhi kutholakale noma yikuphi ukusabalala kwama-lymph node aseduze noma kwezinye izitho. Lezi zithombe zibalulekile ekunqumeni isigaba se- isimila samaphaphu.

I-Biopsy

I-biopsy, ehilela ukukhipha isampula yethishu encane, ibalulekile ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuxilongwa kanye nokunquma uhlobo lwamangqamuzana omdlavuza wamaphaphu (isb., umdlavuza wamaphaphu wengqamuzana ongewona omncane, umdlavuza wamaphaphu omncane). Lokhu kuvumela okomuntu siqu ukwelashwa kwesimila samaphaphu ukuhlela.

Ukudlala

Isiteji sihlukanisa ubukhulu bomdlavuza ngokusekelwe kusayizi wesimila, ukubandakanyeka kwe-lymph node, kanye ne-metastasis (ukusabalala ezithweni ezikude). Isiteji siqondisa izinqumo zokwelashwa futhi sibikezela i-prognosis. Isistimu yesiteji ye-TNM ivame ukusetshenziswa.

Izinketho Zokwelashwa Kwethumba Lamaphaphu

Ziningi izindlela zokwelapha ezikhona ukwelashwa kwesimila samaphaphu, evame ukusetshenziswa ngokuhlanganiswa kuye ngesiteji kanye nohlobo lomdlavuza:

Ukuhlinzwa

Ukususwa ngokuhlinzwa kwesimila (isb., lobectomy, pneumonectomy) kungase kube inketho yesigaba sokuqala. izimila zamaphaphu. Izindlela zokuhlasela kancane ziya ngokuya zisetshenziswa ukunciphisa isikhathi sokululama. Ukuphumelela kokuhlinzwa kuncike ezintweni ezifana nendawo nobukhulu besimila kanye nempilo yonke yesiguli.

Ukwelapha Ngemisebe

Ukwelapha ngemisebe kusebenzisa imisebe enamandla amakhulu ukucekela phansi amangqamuzana omdlavuza. Ingasetshenziswa yodwa noma ihlanganiswe nokuhlinzwa noma i-chemotherapy. Ukwelashwa kwe-radiation ye-beam yangaphandle kuwuhlobo oluvame kakhulu. I-stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) iwuhlobo olunembile lokwelapha ngemisebe yezimila ezincane.

I-Chemotherapy

I-Chemotherapy ihilela ukusebenzisa izidakamizwa ukubulala amangqamuzana omdlavuza. Ivamise ukusetshenziselwa isigaba esithuthukile izimila zamaphaphu, kungaba uwedwa noma eceleni kwezinye izindlela zokwelapha njengemisebe noma ukwelapha okuhlosiwe. Kunezinhlobo eziningi zemithi yokwelapha ngamakhemikhali, ngayinye inesethi yayo yemiphumela engemihle engase ibe khona.

Ukwelapha Okuhlosiwe

Izindlela zokwelapha ezihlosiwe zigxile kuma-molecule athile ahilelekile ekukhuleni kwamangqamuzana omdlavuza. Le mithi isebenza ikakhulukazi ezinhlotsheni ezithile zamaseli angewona amancane izimila zamaphaphu ngokuguqulwa okuthile kofuzo (isb., EGFR, ALK, ROS1).

I-Immunotherapy

I-Immunotherapy ihlanganisa amasosha omzimba ukulwa namaseli omdlavuza. Ama-immune checkpoint inhibitors wuhlobo lwe-immunotherapy olubonise isithembiso esibalulekile ekwelapheni izinga eliphezulu. izimila zamaphaphu. Lezi zindlela zokwelapha zingaba nezinzuzo ezinkulu zesikhathi eside.

Ukukhetha Uhlelo Lokwelapha Olulungile

Okulungile ukwelashwa kwesimila samaphaphu uhlelo lwenziwa okomuntu siqu futhi luncike ezicini eziningana: Isigaba somdlavuza Uhlobo lwamaseli omdlavuza Impilo yonke yesiguli kanye nezinto ezithandwayo Ukutholakala kwezinketho zokwelapha

Iqhaza Lethimba Lezinhlaka Ezihlukene

Isebenza kahle ukwelashwa kwesimila samaphaphu kuvame ukubandakanya ithimba lezinhlaka eziningi, okuhlanganisa odokotela bomdlavuza, odokotela abahlinzayo, odokotela bemisebe, odokotela bokuphefumula, nabanye ochwepheshe bezempilo. Le ndlela yokubambisana iqinisekisa uhlelo lokwelapha oluphelele nolunye. Ukuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe noma ukuthola ukunakekelwa okukhethekile, ungahlola izinsiza ezifana ne I-National Cancer Institute.

Ukuphatha Side Effects

Ukwelashwa kwesimila samaphaphu kungabangela imiphumela emibi ehlukahlukene, njengokukhathala, isicanucanu, ukuqothuka kwezinwele, nobunzima bokuphefumula. Le miphumela engemihle ingalawuleka ngokunakekelwa okusekelayo kanye nemithi. Ukuxhumana okuvulekile nethimba lakho lezokunakekelwa kwezempilo kubalulekile ekubhekaneni nanoma yikuphi ukukhathazeka noma izinkinga.

Ukwesekwa Okwengeziwe Nezinsiza

Ukuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe nokwesekwa mayelana ukwelashwa kwesimila samaphaphu, cabangela ukuxhumana namaqembu amela isiguli, amanethiwekhi osekelo, noma izinsiza ze-inthanethi ezithembekile. Ukuhlola lezi zindlela kunganikeza usizo olubalulekile ngalesi sikhathi esiyinselele. Ukuze uthole ukunakekelwa okuphelele komdlavuza kanye nocwaningo, ungase ucabangele I-Shandong Baofa Cancer Research Institute, isikhungo esihamba phambili esizibophezele ekuthuthukiseni ukwelashwa komdlavuza kanye nempilo yesiguli.