ukwelashwa komdlavuza wamaphaphu we-metastatic

Ukwelashwa komdlavuza wamaphaphu we-Metastatic igxile ekweluleni impilo kanye nokwenza ngcono izinga lempilo lapho umdlavuza ususabalele ngaphesheya kwamaphaphu. Izinketho zokwelapha ziyahlukahluka kuye ngohlobo lomdlavuza, isigaba, ukuguqulwa kwezakhi zofuzo, kanye nempilo iyonke. Izindlela ezijwayelekile zifaka i-chemotherapy, ukwelashwa okuhlosiwe, i-immunotherapy, ukwelashwa ngemisebe, nokuhlinzwa. Lo mhlahlandlela uhlola lezi zinketho ngokuningiliziwe, unikeza imininingwane mayelana nezinqubo zazo, izinzuzo, kanye nemiphumela engemihle engaba khona.Ukuqonda Umdlavuza Wamaphaphu We-MetastaticUyini Umdlavuza We-Metastatic Lung?Umdlavuza wamaphaphu we-Metastatic, owaziwa nangokuthi umdlavuza wamaphaphu wesigaba IV, kwenzeka lapho amangqamuzana omdlavuza asuka kusimila samaphaphu sokuqala esabalala ezingxenyeni ezikude zomzimba. Izindawo ezivamile ze-metastasis zihlanganisa ubuchopho, amathambo, isibindi, nezindlala ze-adrenal.Izinhlobo Zomdlavuza WamaphaphuIzinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko zomdlavuza wamaphaphu yilezi: Umdlavuza Ongewona Owomncane Weseli Wamaphaphu (NSCLC): Uhlobo oluvame kakhulu, okuhlanganisa i-adenocarcinoma, i-squamous cell carcinoma, kanye ne-cell carcinoma enkulu. Umdlavuza Wengqamuzana Encane (SCLC): Uhlobo olukhula ngokushesha lomdlavuza wamaphaphu oluhlotshaniswa kakhulu nokubhema.I-Diagnosis and StagingDiagnosis ngokuvamile ihilela ukuhlolwa kwezithombe (CT scans, PET scans, MRI), biopsies, kanye nokuhlolwa kwamangqamuzana. Ukuhlela kusiza ekunqumeni izinga lomdlavuza kanye nezinqumo zokwelashwa eziqondisayo.Izinketho Zokwelashwa Zomdlavuza Wamaphaphu We-MetastaticUmgomo ukwelashwa komdlavuza wamaphaphu we-metastatic ukulawula ukukhula komdlavuza, ukulawula izimpawu, nokwenza ngcono izinga lempilo. Izinhlelo zokwelapha ngokuvamile zenziwa umuntu siqu ngokusekelwe esimweni esithile somuntu.I-ChemotherapyI-Chemotherapy isebenzisa imithi ukuze ibulale amangqamuzana omdlavuza kuwo wonke umzimba. Ngokuvamile isetshenziswa njengokwelashwa komugqa wokuqala umdlavuza wamaphaphu we-metastatic. Imithi evamile yokwelapha ngamakhemikhali ihlanganisa: Izidakamizwa ezisekelwe ku-Platinum (i-cisplatin, i-carboplatin) I-Taxanes (i-paclitaxel, i-docetaxel) i-Pemetrexed GemcitabineChemotherapy ingaba nemiphumela engemihle njengokucanuzela kwenhliziyo, ukukhathala, ukulahlekelwa izinwele, kanye nengozi eyengeziwe yokutheleleka. Ukuhlolwa kwamangqamuzana kubalulekile ukuze kutholakale ukuthi isiguli sikufanele yini ukuthola ukwelashwa okuhlosiwe. Okunye okuhlosiwe okujwayelekile nezidakamizwa ezihambisanayo zifaka: I-EGFR (I-Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor): I-Gefitinib, i-erlotinib, i-afatinib, i-osimertinib. Le mithi isebenza ikakhulukazi ezigulini ze-NSCLC ezinokuguqulwa kwe-EGFR. I-ALK (Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase): I-Crizotinib, i-alectinib, i-ceritinib, i-brigatinib, i-lorlatinib. Isetshenziswa ezigulini ze-NSCLC ezinokuhlelwa kabusha kwe-ALK. I-BRAF: I-Dabrafenib, i-trametinib. Isetshenziswa ezigulini ze-NSCLC ezinokuguquguquka kwe-BRAF V600E. I-ROS1: I-Crizotinib, i-entrectinib. Isetshenziswa ezigulini ze-NSCLC ezine-ROS1 fusions. I-NTRK: I-Larotrectinib, i-entrectinib. Isetshenziswa ezigulini ze-NSCLC ezine-NTRK fusions. MET: Capmatinib, tepotinib. Isetshenziswa ezigulini ze-NSCLC ezine-MET exon 14 eyeqa izinguquko. I-RET: Selpercatinib, pralsetinib. Isetshenziswa ezigulini ze-NSCLC ezine-RET fusions.Izindlela zokwelapha ezihlosiwe ngokuvamile zinemiphumela emibi embalwa kune-chemotherapy, kodwa zisebenza kuphela uma umdlavuza unenhloso ethile.Izidakamizwa ze-ImmunotherapyImmunotherapy isiza amasosha omzimba ukubona futhi ahlasele amangqamuzana omdlavuza. Ama-immune checkpoint inhibitors wuhlobo olujwayelekile lwe-immunotherapy olusetshenziswa kulo ukwelashwa komdlavuza wamaphaphu we-metastatic. Izibonelo zifaka: I-Pembrolizumab (Keytruda) Nivolumab (Opdivo) Atezolizumab (Tecentriq) Durvalumab (Imfinzi) Ipilimumab (Yervoy)Le mithi ivimba amaprotheni avimbela amasosha omzimba ukuthi ahlasele amaseli omdlavuza, okuvumela amasosha omzimba ukuthi afake impendulo enamandla. Imiphumela engemihle ingase ihlanganise ukukhathala, ukuqubuka, isifo sohudo, nokuvuvukala kwezitho ezihlukahlukene.Ukwelashwa ngemisebeUkwelashwa ngeRadiation kusebenzisa imisebe enamandla amakhulu ukubulala amangqamuzana omdlavuza. Ingase isetshenziselwe ukunciphisa izimila, ukukhulula ubuhlungu, noma ukwelapha ama-metastases ezindaweni ezithile ezifana nobuchopho noma amathambo. Izinhlobo zokwelashwa ngemisebe zihlanganisa: Ukwelashwa ngemisebe yangaphandle ye-beam therapy (SBRT) Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS)Imiphumela engemihle incike endaweni kanye nomthamo wemisebe.UkuhlinzwaUkuhlinzwa ngokuvamile akukona ukwelashwa okuyisisekelo umdlavuza wamaphaphu we-metastatic, kodwa kungase kucatshangelwe ezimweni ezithile, njengokususa i- metastasis yodwa noma ukukhulula izimpawu. Ngokwesibonelo, i I-Shandong Baofa Cancer Research Institute ngezinye izikhathi isebenzisa amasu okuhlinza angavamisile kancane ukubhekana nezindawo ezithile ze-metastatic. I-Clinical TrialsIzinhlolo zocwaningo ziyizifundo zocwaningo ezihlola izindlela zokwelapha ezintsha noma izinhlanganisela zokwelapha. Iziguli nge umdlavuza wamaphaphu we-metastatic angase acabange ukubamba iqhaza ezivivinyweni zomtholampilo ukuze afinyelele izindlela zokwelapha ezisezingeni eliphezulu. ukwelashwa komdlavuza wamaphaphu we-metastatic. Lokhu kungabandakanya: Ukulawula izinhlungu Ukwesekwa kokudla okunomsoco Ukulawulwa kwesicanucanu nokuhlanza Ukwesekwa kokuphefumulaIzibikezelo kanye namazinga okusinda umdlavuza wamaphaphu we-metastatic kuyahlukahluka kuye ngezici eziningana, okuhlanganisa uhlobo lomdlavuza wamaphaphu, izinga lokusabalala, impilo yesiguli iyonke, kanye nokusabela ekwelashweni. Intuthuko yakamuva ekwelashweni okuhlosiwe kanye ne-immunotherapy iye yathuthukisa amazinga okusinda kwezinye iziguli. Ngokusho kwe-American Cancer Society, izinga leminyaka emihlanu lokusinda kumdlavuza wamaphaphu we-metastatic cishe li-7% (kuzo zonke izigaba zomdlavuza wamaphaphu kuhlangene, izinga lingama-25%). [1] Lokhu kuqokomisa ukubaluleka kocwaningo oluqhubekayo kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwezindlela zokwelapha ezintsha.Nakhu ukuqhathanisa okulula kwezinketho zokwelapha, inhloso yazo, kanye nemiphumela engemihle engase ibe khona: Ukwelashwa Inhloso Engaba Imiphumela Engase Engaseceleni Ukwelashwa Ngamakhemikhali Bulala amangqamuzana omdlavuza kuwo wonke umzimba Isicanucanu, ukukhathala, ukuqothuka kwezinwele, ukutheleleka Ukwelashwa Okuhlosiwe Vimbela ama-molecule athile ahilelekile ekukhuleni komdlavuza Kuncike emthini; kungase kuhlanganise ukuqubuka kwesikhumba, isifo sohudo, izinkinga zesibindi I-Immunotherapy Siza amasosha omzimba ahlasele amangqamuzana omdlavuza Ukukhathala, ukuqubuka, isifo sohudo, ukuvuvukala kwezitho Ukwelashwa Ngemisebe Bulala amangqamuzana omdlavuza endaweni ethile Ukukhathala, izinguquko zesikhumba, ukulimala kwesitho esiseduze nendawo yokwelashwa Ukuhlinzwa Khipha ama-metastases noma ukunciphisa izimpawu Ubuhlungu, ukutheleleka, ukopha IsiphethoUkwelashwa komdlavuza wamaphaphu we-Metastatic iyinkambu eyinkimbinkimbi futhi ethuthukayo. Ukuthuthuka kwezokwelapha okuhlosiwe kanye ne-immunotherapy kuye kwaba ngcono kakhulu imiphumela kwezinye iziguli. Kubalulekile ukuthi iziguli zisebenze eduze nethimba lazo lokunakekelwa kwezempilo ukuze zakhe uhlelo lokwelapha lomuntu siqu olubhekana nezidingo kanye nemigomo yazo ethile. Hlala uthintana nochwepheshe bezokwelapha abaqeqeshiwe ukuze uxilongwe futhi welashwe noma yisiphi isimo sezempilo.Izinkomba[1] Inhlangano Yomdlavuza WaseMelika. (n.d.). Amazinga Okusinda Umdlavuza Wamaphaphu. Kubuyiswe kusuka https://www.cancer.org/cancer/lung-cancer/detection-diagnosis-staging/survival-rates.html