ukwelashwa ngemisebe kubantu asebekhulile abanomdlavuza wamaphaphu

Ukwelashwa ngemisebe kubantu abadala abanomdlavuza wamaphaphu iziguli zidinga ukucatshangelwa ngokucophelela ngenxa yemiphumela engemihle engase ibe khona kanye nezimo zempilo ezihlukahlukene. Lo mhlahlandlela unikeza umbono obanzi wezinketho zokwelapha ngemisebe, ukuhlelwa kokwelashwa, ukuphathwa kwemiphumela engemihle, namasu okunakekela okusekelayo, okuhloswe ngawo ukuthuthukisa izinga lempilo kanye nemiphumela yabantu asebekhulile abathola ukwelashwa komdlavuza wamaphaphu. Igcizelela ukubaluleka kwezinhlelo zokwelapha eziqondene nomuntu uqobo kanye nokuthatha izinqumo ngokubambisana okubandakanya isiguli, umndeni, kanye nethimba lezokunakekelwa kwempilo.Ukuqonda Umdlavuza Wamaphaphu Nokwelashwa Kokukhishwa KwemisebeUyini Umdlavuza Wamaphaphu?Umdlavuza wamaphaphu yisifo lapho amangqamuzana ephaphu ekhula ngokungalawuleki. Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko: umdlavuza wamaphaphu ongewona omncane (NSCLC) kanye nomdlavuza wamaphaphu omncane wamangqamuzana (SCLC). I-NSCLC ivame kakhulu futhi ihlanganisa izinhlobo ezincane ezifana ne-adenocarcinoma, i-squamous cell carcinoma, ne-cell carcinoma enkulu. I-SCLC inolaka futhi ivame ukuhlotshaniswa nokubhema.Isebenza Kanjani Ukwelashwa NgeRadiation?Ukwelashwa ngemisebe kusebenzisa imisebe enamandla amakhulu noma izinhlayiya ukubulala amangqamuzana omdlavuza. Isebenza ngokulimaza i-DNA ngaphakathi kwala maseli, iwavimbele ekukhuleni nasekuhlukaniseni. Imisebe ingalethwa ngaphandle, kusetshenziswa umshini ongaphandle komzimba (imisebe ye-beam yangaphandle), noma ngaphakathi, ngokubeka impahla ekhipha imisebe ngokuqondile noma eduze kwesimila (i-brachytherapy).Ukwelashwa Ngemisebe Kwabadala Umdlavuza Wamaphaphu: Okucatshangelwayo Izinto Ezihlobene Neminyaka Iziguli esezikhulile zivame ukuba nezinye izimo zempilo (izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane) ezingathinta ukubekezelela kwazo ukwelashwa ngemisebe kubantu asebekhulile abanomdlavuza wamaphaphu. Ukusebenza kwezitho zomzimba, okufana nekhono lenhliziyo namaphaphu, kungase kuncishiswe, kubenze babe sengozini yokuthola imiphumela engemihle. Kubalulekile ukuhlola isimo sempilo yesiguli sonke ngaphambi kokuqala ukwelashwa.Ukuhlola Ubuthakathaka Nesimo SokusebenzaUbuthakathaka, isimo sokwanda kokuba sengozini kwabacindezelekile, nesimo sokusebenza, isilinganiso sekhono lesiguli lokwenza imisebenzi yansuku zonke, yizici ezibalulekile ekunqumeni ukufaneleka ukwelashwa ngemisebe kubantu asebekhulile abanomdlavuza wamaphaphu. Iziguli ezinobuthakathaka obuphawulekayo noma isimo sokusebenza esingesihle zingase zidinge izindlela zokwelashwa ezilungisiwe noma ukungenelela kokunakekelwa okusekelayo.Izinhlobo Zokwelapha Ngemisebe Yomdlavuza WamaphaphuI-External Beam Radiation Therapy (EBRT)EBRT iletha imisebe emshinini ongaphandle komzimba. Kusetshenziswa amasu amaningana, okuhlanganisa: I-3D-Conformal Radiation Therapy (3D-CRT): Ilolonga imishayo yemisebe ukuze ihambisane nokuma kwesimila, inciphise ukuchayeka ezicutshini ezinempilo ezizungezile. I-Intensity-Modulated Radiation Therapy (IMRT): Isebenzisa izisheshisi zomugqa ezilawulwa ngekhompuyutha ukuletha imithamo enembile yemisebe esimila. Lokhu kunganciphisa imiphumela emibi ngokuqhubeka konga izicubu ezinempilo. I-Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy (SBRT): Iletha imithamo ephezulu yemisebe kuthumba elincane, elichazwe kahle ekwelashweni okumbalwa. Ivamise ukusetshenziselwa umdlavuza wamaphaphu wesigaba sangaphambi kwesikhathi ezigulini ezingazohlinzwa. I-Proton Therapy: Isebenzisa ama-proton esikhundleni se-X-ray. Ama-Proton abeka amandla awo amaningi ekujuleni okuthile, okungenzeka anciphise ukuchayeka ezicutshini ezinempilo ezizungezile. I-BrachytherapyI-Brachytherapy ihlanganisa ukubeka imithombo ekhipha imisebe ngokuqondile noma eduze kwesimila. Akuvamile ukusetshenziselwa umdlavuza wamaphaphu uma kuqhathaniswa ne-EBRT. Ingacatshangelwa ezimeni ezithile, njengokwelapha izimila ezivale indlela yokuphefumula.Ukuhlela Ukwelashwa NokulingisaIqhaza Le-radiation OncologistIsazi se-radiation oncologist udokotela ogxile ekusebenziseni imisebe ukwelapha umdlavuza. Bazohlola isimo sesiguli, banqume uhlobo olufanele nomthamo wemisebe, futhi baqondise inqubo yokwelapha. I-Shandong Baofa Cancer Research Institute isebenzisa ongoti be-radiation abaholayo abazinikele ekunakekeleni okugxiliswe esigulini.Ukuthwebula nokuLingisaNgaphambi kokuqala. ukwelashwa ngemisebe kubantu asebekhulile abanomdlavuza wamaphaphu, kwenziwa ukulingisa ukuze kuhlelwe ukwelashwa. Lokhu kuhilela ukuthatha izithombe ezinemininingwane, njengezikena ze-CT, ukuze kutholakale indawo kanye nosayizi wesimila kanye nokwenza imephu yezindawo okufanele zelashwe. Isiguli sibekwe etafuleni lokwelapha ngendlela efanayo naleyo esiyoba ngayo ngesikhathi sokwelashwa.Ukulawula Imiphumela Emibi Ukwelashwa Ngemisebe Kwabadala Umdlavuza WamaphaphuCommon Side EffectsUkwelashwa ngemisebe kubantu abadala abanomdlavuza wamaphaphu kungabangela imiphumela engemihle, ehlukahluka kuye ngendawo elashwayo, umthamo wemisebe, kanye nempilo yesiguli iyonke. Imiphumela emibi evamile ihlanganisa: Ukukhathala: Ukuzizwa ukhathele noma ubuthakathaka. Ukusabela kwesikhumba: Ububomvu, ukucasuka, noma ukuxebuka kwesikhumba endaweni ephathwayo. I-Esophagitis: Ukuvuvukala komminzo, okwenza kube nzima ukugwinya. Inyumoniya: Ukuvuvukala kwamaphaphu, okubangela ukukhwehlela nokuphelelwa umoya. Amasu Okuphatha I-Side EffectsAmasu amaningana angasiza ukuphatha imiphumela engemihle: Imithi: Ukudambisa izinhlungu, imithi yokulwa nesicanucanu, kanye nemithi yokwelapha i-esophagitis noma i-pneumonitis. Ukwesekwa kokudla okunomsoco: Ukudla ukudla okunempilo nokuhlala uhlanzekile kungasiza ukugcina amandla kanye namazinga wamandla. Ukunakekelwa kwesikhumba: Ukugcina isikhumba sihlanzekile futhi siswakeme kungasiza ekuvimbeleni ukucasuka kanye nezifo. Ukuzivocavoca: Ukuzivocavoca okumnene kungasiza ekunciphiseni ukukhathala futhi kuthuthukise inhlalakahle jikelele. Ingozi ye-PneumonitisUcwaningo lokubheka emuva lubonise ukuthi iziguli ezingaphezu kweminyaka engama-70 zibhekana nazo ukwelashwa ngemisebe kubantu asebekhulile abanomdlavuza wamaphaphu babenethuba eliphezulu elingama-20% lokuthuthukisa i-pneumonitis. Ukusheshe kutholakale kubalulekile, futhi izimpawu ezinjengokuphelelwa umoya nokukhwehlela okomile kufanele zibikwe ngokushesha eqenjini le-radiation oncology.Ukunakekelwa OkusekelayoUkubaluleka Kwethimba Leqembu Lezifundo EzihlukahlukeneIthimba lezinhlaka eziningi, okuhlanganisa odokotela, abahlengikazi, osonhlalakahle kanye nezazi zezokudla, linganikeza ukunakekelwa okubanzi okusekelayo. Leli qembu lingasiza ekulawuleni izimpawu, linikeze ukusekela ngokomzwelo, futhi libhekane nokukhathazeka okungokoqobo.Ukwesekwa KomphakathiUkwelashwa komdlavuza kungaba inselele ngokomzwelo. Ukwelulekwa, amaqembu okusekela, nokunye ukungenelela kwengqondo kungasiza iziguli zibhekane nengcindezi, ukukhathazeka, nokudangala. ukwelashwa ngemisebe kubantu asebekhulile abanomdlavuza wamaphaphu, ama-aphoyintimenti okulandelela avamile ayadingeka ukuze kuqashwe ukuphinda futhi kulawule noma yimiphi imiphumela emibi yesikhathi eside. Lawa ma-aphoyintimenti ngokuvamile ahlanganisa izivivinyo zomzimba, ukuhlolwa kwezithombe, nokuhlolwa kwegazi.Ukulawula Imithelela KamuvaEminye imiphumela emibi yokwelashwa ngemisebe ingase ingabonakali kuze kube yizinyanga noma iminyaka ngemva kokwelashwa. Le miphumela sekwephuzile ingabandakanya i-lung fibrosis (izibazi zamaphaphu), izinkinga zenhliziyo, nokulimala kwezinzwa. Ukuqapha nokuphatha okuqhubekayo kubalulekile ukuze kuncishiswe umthelela wale miphumela sekwephuzile.Ukwenza Izinqumo EzinolwaziUkubaluleka Kokwenza Izinqumo Ngokuhlanganyela Iziguli kufanele zibambe iqhaza ekuthatheni izinqumo mayelana nokwelashwa kwazo. Kufanele baxoxisane nethimba labo lezokunakekelwa kwempilo ngezinhloso zabo, izindinganiso zabo, nezinto abazithandayo. Ukwabelana ngezinqumo kuqinisekisa ukuthi uhlelo lokwelapha luhambisana nezidingo nezifiso zesiguli ngasinye. Imibuzo Okufanele Uyibuze Udokotela WakhoNgaphambi kokuqala ukwelashwa ngemisebe kubantu asebekhulile abanomdlavuza wamaphaphu, iziguli kufanele zibuze odokotela bazo imibuzo enjengokuthi: Ziyini izinzuzo nezingozi zokwelashwa ngemisebe? Yiziphi ezinye izindlela zokwelapha ongakhetha kuzo? Yimiphi imiphumela emibi engaba khona yokwelashwa ngemisebe? Ngabe uhlelo lokwelashwa luzofanelana kanjani nezidingo zami ngazinye? Yiziphi izinsiza zokunakekela ezikhona? IsiphethoUkwelashwa ngemisebe kubantu abadala abanomdlavuza wamaphaphu iziguli zingaba inketho yokwelashwa ephumelelayo, kodwa ukucatshangelwa ngokucophelela kwezici ezihlobene nobudala, ubuthakathaka, kanye nemiphumela engemihle engaba khona kubalulekile. Izinhlelo zokwelashwa eziqondene nawe, ukunakekelwa okuphelele okusekelayo, kanye nokwenziwa kwezinqumo okwabelwana ngazo kubalulekile ukuze kuthuthukiswe imiphumela futhi kuthuthukiswe izinga lempilo yabantu asebekhulile abathola ukwelashwa komdlavuza wamaphaphu.Umshwana wokuzihlangula: Lolu lwazi ololwazi olujwayelekile kanye nezinjongo zolwazi kuphela, futhi aluhlanganisi iseluleko sezokwelapha. Kubalulekile ukubonisana nochwepheshe bezempilo abaqeqeshiwe nganoma yikuphi ukukhathazeka ngezempilo noma ngaphambi kokwenza noma yiziphi izinqumo ezihlobene nempilo noma ukwelashwa kwakho. Ngaso sonke isikhathi funa iseluleko sikadokotela wakho noma omunye umhlinzeki wezempilo oqeqeshiwe nganoma yimiphi imibuzo ongase ube nayo mayelana nesimo sezempilo. ? 2024 Shandong Baofa Cancer Research Institute. Wonke Amalungelo Agodliwe.