I-renal cell carcinoma

I-Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) wuhlobo oluvame kakhulu lomdlavuza wezinso kubantu abadala. Isuka olwelweni lwe-proximal convoluted tubule, ingxenye yamashubhu amancane kakhulu ezinso ahlunga igazi futhi alihlanze. Lo mhlahlandlela uhlolisisa ubunkimbinkimbi be I-renal cell carcinoma, ehlanganisa yonke into kusukela ezicini eziyingozi kanye nezimpawu kuya ekuxilongweni, izinketho zokwelapha, kanye nokubikezela.Ukuqonda I-Renal Cell CarcinomaYini I-Renal Cell Carcinoma?I-Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) umdlavuza oqala ezinso. Izinso yizitho ezimbili ezimise okwebhontshisi, ngayinye ilingana nenqindi, etholakala ngemuva kwezitho zakho zesisu, eyodwa ohlangothini ngalunye lomgogodla wakho. Umsebenzi wabo oyinhloko ukuhlunga udoti kanye noketshezi oluningi egazini lakho, olubese lukhishelwa emchamweni wakho.Izinhlobo ezahlukene I-renal cell carcinoma zikhona, ngeseli ecacile I-renal cell carcinoma edlange kakhulu. Ezinye izinhlobo zihlanganisa i-papillary I-renal cell carcinoma, i-chromophobe I-renal cell carcinoma, kanye nomgudu wokuqoqa I-renal cell carcinoma.Izinhlobo ze I-Renal Cell CarcinomaUkuqonda uhlobo oluthile lwe I-renal cell carcinoma kubalulekile ekunqumeni uhlelo lokwelapha olusebenza kahle kakhulu. Ezinye zezinhlobo ezivame kakhulu zihlanganisa: Sula Iseli I-Renal Cell Carcinoma: Uhlobo oluvame kakhulu, olubalelwa ku-70-80% wamacala. Lawa maseli abonakala ecacile ngaphansi kwesibonakhulu. I-Papillary I-Renal Cell Carcinoma: Uhlobo lwesibili oluvame kakhulu (10-15% wamacala), olubonakala ngokuqagela okufana nomunwe. I-Chromophobia I-Renal Cell Carcinoma: Ibalelwa cishe u-5% wezimo futhi ivame ukuba nesibikezelo esingcono kuneseli elicacile I-renal cell carcinoma. Ukuqoqa Umgudu I-Renal Cell Carcinoma: Uhlobo olungavamile nolunolaka lwe I-renal cell carcinoma.Izici Eziyingozi ze I-Renal Cell CarcinomaZiningana izici ezingandisa amathuba okuba uthuthuke I-renal cell carcinoma: Ukubhema: Ukubhema kwandisa kakhulu ingozi. Ukukhuluphala ngokweqile: Ukukhuluphala ngokweqile noma ukukhuluphala kuhlotshaniswa nengozi enkulu. Umfutho Wegazi Ophakeme: I-Hypertension ingakhuphula amathuba okukhula I-renal cell carcinoma. Umlando Womndeni: Umlando womndeni womdlavuza wezinso ungakhuphula ingozi yakho. Izimo ezithile zofuzo: Izimo ezifana nesifo sika-von Hippel-Lindau (VHL), i-Birt-Hogg-Dubé syndrome, kanye ne-tuberous sclerosis complex zingandisa ingozi. I-Dialysis yesikhathi eside: Abantu abanokwehluleka kwezinso okungapheli abadinga i-dialysis yesikhathi eside basengozini enkulu. Ukuchayeka Ezintweni Ezithize: I-Cadmium kanye neminye imithi yokubulala ukhula kuxhunyaniswe nengozi eyengeziwe.Izimpawu kanye Nokuxilongwa Izimpawu Ezivamile Zokugula I-Renal Cell CarcinomaEzigabeni zayo zokuqala, I-renal cell carcinoma ingase ingabangeli noma yiziphi izimpawu eziphawulekayo. Njengoba isimila sikhula, izimpawu zingase zihlanganise: Igazi emchameni (hematuria) Isigaxa noma isisindo esiseceleni noma esingezansi Ubuhlungu ohlangothini noma emhlane obungapheli Ukuncipha kwesisindo Ukulahlekelwa isifiso sokudla Imfiva I-anemiaKubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi lezi zimpawu zingabangelwa ezinye izimo, kodwa uma uhlangabezana nanoma yisiphi sazo, kubalulekile ukubonana nodokotela ukuze uthole ukuhlolwa okufanele. I-Renal Cell CarcinomaUkuxilonga I-renal cell carcinoma ngokuvamile ihlanganisa inhlanganisela yalokhu okulandelayo: Isivivinyo Somzimba: Udokotela uzohlola umzimba ukuze ahlole noma yikuphi ukungahambi kahle. Ukuhlolwa komchamo: Ukuhlola igazi noma okunye okungajwayelekile emchameni. Ukuhlolwa kwegazi: Ukuhlola ukusebenza kwezinso nokubheka ezinye izimpawu zomdlavuza. Ukuhlolwa Kwezithombe: I-CT Scan: Ngokuvamile ukuhlolwa kwesithombe okuyinhloko kokuxilonga I-renal cell carcinoma. I-MRI: Inganikeza izithombe ezinemininingwane eminingi yezinso nezicubu ezizungezile. I-Ultrasound: Ingasiza ukuhlukanisa phakathi kwamathumba aqinile nama-cysts. I-Bone Scan: Uma kukhona izinsolo ze-bone metastasis. I-Biopsy: Isampula encane yezicubu ikhishwa ezinso futhi ihlolwe ngaphansi kwe-microscope ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuxilongwa nokunquma uhlobo lwe I-renal cell carcinoma.Izinketho Zokwelashwa ze I-Renal Cell CarcinomaUkwelashwa NgokuhlinzwaUkuhlinzwa kuvame ukuba wukwelashwa okuyinhloko kokwenziwa kwendawo I-renal cell carcinoma. Izinketho zokuhlinzwa zihlanganisa: I-Radical Nephrectomy: Ukususwa kwazo zonke izinso, izicubu ezizungezile, futhi ngezinye izikhathi ama-lymph nodes aseduze. I-Nephrectomy Eyingxenye: Ukususwa kwesimila kuphela kanye nengxenye encane yezicubu ezinempilo. Lokhu kuvame ukuncanyelwa kumathumba amancane noma lapho isiguli sinenso eyodwa kuphela.Ukwelashwa OkungahlinzekiUma ukuhlinzwa kungeyona inketho noma uma umdlavuza ususabalala, ezinye izindlela zokwelapha zingasetshenziswa: Ukwelapha Okuhlosiwe: Izidakamizwa eziqondisa ama-molecule athile abandakanyeka ekukhuleni kwamangqamuzana omdlavuza kanye nokuphila. Izibonelo zifaka i-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) njenge-sunitinib (Sutent) kanye pazopanib (Votrient), nama-mTOR inhibitor afana ne-everolimus (Afinitor) kanye ne-temsirolimus (Torisel). I-Immunotherapy: Izidakamizwa ezisiza amasosha omzimba ukulwa nomdlavuza. Izibonelo zifaka ama-PD-1 inhibitor afana ne-nivolumab (Opdivo) ne-pembrolizumab (Keytruda), kanye nama-CTLA-4 inhibitor afana ne-ipilimumab (Yervoy). Ukwelapha ngemisebe: Ukusebenzisa imisebe enamandla amakhulu ukubulala amangqamuzana omdlavuza. Lokhu akuvamile ukusetshenziselwa I-renal cell carcinoma kodwa ingase isetshenziselwe ukwelapha i-bone metastasis. Ukwelashwa kwe-Ablation: Ukusebenzisa ukushisa noma amakhaza ukucekela phansi amangqamuzana omdlavuza. Izibonelo zifaka i-radiofrequency ablation (RFA) kanye nokucryoablation.Izinketho Zokwelashwa Ngokuqhathanisa Ukwelashwa Incazelo Common Side Effects Radical Nephrectomy Ukususwa kwayo yonke inso Ubuhlungu, ukutheleleka, ukopha, ukuncipha kokusebenza kwezinso Ingxenye ye-Nephrectomy Ukususwa kwesimila kuphela Ubuhlungu, ukutheleleka, ukopha, ukuvuza komchamo Imithi eqondiswe kumdlavuza, i-dirhec molecules ukuqubuka kwesikhumba, umfutho wegazi ophezulu I-Immunotherapy Izidakamizwa ezithuthukisa amasosha omzimba ukulwa nomdlavuza. I-renal cell carcinoma kuncike ezintweni eziningana, okuhlanganisa: Isigaba somdlavuza Uhlobo I-renal cell carcinoma Impilo yesiguli iyonke Ukusebenza kokwelashwa Ukutholwa kusenesikhathi kanye nokwelashwa kubalulekile ukuze kuthuthukiswe isifo. I-renal cell carcinoma, ukuqokwa kokulandelela okuvamile kubalulekile ukuze kuqashwe ukuphinda futhi kulawule noma yimiphi imiphumela emibi yokwelashwa. Ukulandelela kungase kuhlanganise ukuhlolwa ngokomzimba, ukuhlolwa kwegazi, nokuhlolwa kwezithombe I-Renal Cell CarcinomaCoping StrategiesUkuphila nge I-renal cell carcinoma kungaba yinselele, ngokomzimba nangokomzwelo. Amanye amasu okubhekana nesimo ahlanganisa: Ukufuna ukusekelwa emndenini nakubangane Ukujoyina iqembu lokusekela Ukukhuluma nomelaphi noma umeluleki Ukugcina indlela yokuphila enempilo, okuhlanganisa ukudla okunomsoco kanye nokuzivocavoca okuvamile iShandong Baofa Cancer Research Institute kanye I-Renal Cell Carcinoma UcwaningoAt I-Shandong Baofa Cancer Research Institute, sizinikele ekuthuthukiseni ucwaningo nokwelashwa komdlavuza, okuhlanganisa I-renal cell carcinoma. Isikhungo sethu sigxile ezindleleni ezintsha zokuxilongwa nokwelashwa, ngenhloso yokuthuthukisa imiphumela yeziguli emhlabeni wonke.Umshwana wokuzihlangula: Lolu lwazi lwenzelwe izinjongo zokufundisa kuphela futhi akufanele luthathwe njengeseluleko sezokwelapha. Hlala uthintana nochwepheshe bezempilo abaqeqeshiwe nganoma yikuphi ukukhathazeka ngezempilo noma ngaphambi kokwenza noma yiziphi izinqumo ezihlobene nempilo noma ukwelashwa kwakho.Imithombo: I-American Cancer Society I-National Cancer Institute