ukwelashwa okuthuthukisiwe komdlavuza wamaphaphu

Izinketho Ezithuthukisiwe Zokwelapha Umdlavuza Wamaphaphu

Lo mhlahlandlela ophelele uhlola intuthuko yakamuva ukwelashwa okuthuthukisiwe komdlavuza wamaphaphu, enikeza imininingwane yezindlela zokwelapha ezihlukahlukene, ukusebenza kahle kwazo, kanye nemiphumela engemihle engase ibe khona. Sihlolisisa kokubili izindlela zokwelapha ezisunguliwe nezisafufusa ukuze sikusize uqonde izinketho ezitholakalayo futhi wenze izinqumo ezinolwazi ngokubonisana nomhlinzeki wakho wokunakekelwa kwezempilo. Ukuzulazula ezinkingeni ze ukwelashwa okuthuthukisiwe komdlavuza wamaphaphu kudinga ukuqonda okuphelele kwesifo kanye nemithi yokwelapha etholakalayo. Lesi sihloko sihlose ukunikeza lokho kucaciseleka.

Ukuqonda I-Advanced Lung Cancer

Isiteji kanye Nokuxilongwa

Isiteji ngokunembile umdlavuza wamaphaphu othuthukile kubalulekile ekunqumeni inkambo engcono kakhulu yokwelapha. Lokhu kuhilela uchungechunge lokuhlola, okuhlanganisa ama-imaging scans (CT, PET), ama-biopsies, nokuhlolwa kwegazi. Isigaba somdlavuza—noma ngabe sesithuthukile endaweni noma se-metastatic—sinomthelela omkhulu ekukhetheni ukwelashwa. Ukuqonda imininingwane ethile yokuxilongwa kwakho kuyisinyathelo sokuqala sokwenza uhlelo lokwelapha lomuntu siqu.

Izinhlobo Zomdlavuza Wamaphaphu Othuthukile

Umdlavuza wamaphaphu osethuthukile ihlanganisa kokubili umdlavuza wamaphaphu omncane wamangqamuzana (SCLC) kanye nomdlavuza wamaphaphu ongewona omncane (NSCLC). I-NSCLC ilandisa ngeningi lamacala omdlavuza wamaphaphu futhi iphinde ihlukaniswe yaba izinhlobo ezincane (i-adenocarcinoma, i-squamous cell carcinoma, i-cell carcinoma enkulu), ngayinye okungenzeka iphendule ngendlela ehlukile ekwelashweni okuhlukahlukene. Lo mehluko ubalulekile ekuthungeni ukwelashwa amasu.

Izindlela Zokwelapha Zomdlavuza Wamaphaphu Othuthukile

I-Chemotherapy

I-Chemotherapy isalokhu iyinsika ukwelashwa okuthuthukisiwe komdlavuza wamaphaphu. Kuhilela ukusebenzisa izidakamizwa ukuze kubulawe amangqamuzana omdlavuza, ngokuvamile asetshenziswa ngomthambo. Kunezinhlobo eziningi zemithi yokwelapha ngamakhemikhali, ngayinye iklanyelwe uhlobo oluthile kanye nesigaba somdlavuza. Ukukhethwa kwemithi kubheka izici ezifana nempilo yesiguli iyonke kanye nokuba khona koguquko oluthile lofuzo. Ama-ejenti asetshenziswa kakhulu e-chemotherapeutic afaka i-cisplatin, i-carboplatin, ne-paclitaxel. Imiphumela emibi iyehluka kodwa ingabandakanya isicanucanu, ukukhathala, nokulahlekelwa izinwele.

Ukwelapha Okuhlosiwe

Izindlela zokwelapha ezihlosiwe zigxile kuma-molecule athile aqhuba ukukhula komdlavuza. Lezi zindlela zokwelapha zisebenza kahle kakhulu ezigulini ezinokuguquguquka okuthile kofuzo, njenge-EGFR, ALK, ROS1, noma ukuguqulwa kwe-BRAF. Izibonelo zifaka i-EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) njenge-gefitinib ne-erlotinib, nama-ALK inhibitors njenge-crizotinib. Ukusebenza kokwelashwa okuqondisiwe kuncike ebukhoneni bezimpawu zofuzo ezithile ezikhonjwe ngokuhlolwa kwe-biopsy. I-Shandong Baofa Cancer Research Institute inikeza ukuhlolwa kofuzo okuthuthukisiwe ukuze kuqondise izinqumo zokwelashwa komuntu siqu.

I-Immunotherapy

I-Immunotherapy ihlanganisa amasosha omzimba ukulwa nomdlavuza. Ama-immune checkpoint inhibitors, njenge-pembrolizumab ne-nivolumab, avimba amaprotheni avimbela amasosha omzimba ekuhlaseleni amaseli omdlavuza. Lezi zidakamizwa ziye zashintsha kakhulu ukwelashwa kwabanye umdlavuza wamaphaphu othuthukile, okuholela ekuthuthukisweni okuphawulekayo kumazinga okusinda. Kodwa-ke, i-immunotherapy ayisebenzi kuzo zonke iziguli, futhi imiphumela emibi ingabandakanya ukukhathala kanye nezenzakalo ezimbi ezihlobene nokuzivikela komzimba.

Ukwelapha Ngemisebe

Ukwelapha ngemisebe kusebenzisa imisebe enamandla amakhulu ukubulala amangqamuzana omdlavuza. Ingase isetshenziselwe ukunciphisa izimila, ukunciphisa izimpawu, noma ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kwezinye izindlela zokwelapha. I-stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) iwuhlobo olunembe kakhulu lwemisebe eletha imithamo ephezulu yemisebe endaweni encane, inciphise umonakalo ezicutshini ezinempilo ezizungezile. Ukwelashwa ngemisebe kungase kubangele imiphumela engemihle njengokucasuka kwesikhumba nokukhathala.

Ukuhlinzwa

Ukuhlinzwa kungase kube inketho yeziguli ezithile ezithuthuke endaweni umdlavuza wamaphaphu, ikakhulukazi uma isimila sikhishwa kabusha (singakhishwa ngokuhlinzwa). Indlela yokuhlinzwa incike endaweni kanye nosayizi wesimila kanye nempilo yonke yesiguli. Izindlela zokuhlinza ezihlasela kancane zivame ukukhethwa ukuze kuncishiswe isikhathi sokululama kanye nezinkinga.

Ukukhetha Uhlelo Lokwelapha Olulungile

Ukukhetha elilungile ukwelashwa okuthuthukisiwe komdlavuza wamaphaphu kudinga ukucatshangelwa ngokucophelela kwezici eziningana, okuhlanganisa isigaba nohlobo lomdlavuza, impilo yesiguli iyonke, kanye nemiphumela engemihle engase ibe khona. Ithimba lezinhlaka eziningi lochwepheshe bezokunakekelwa kwempilo, okuhlanganisa odokotela bezifo zomdlavuza, odokotela abahlinzayo, nama-oncologists emisebeni, kufanele basebenzisane ukuze bakhe uhlelo lokwelapha lomuntu siqu oluklanyelwe izidingo zesiguli ngasinye. Ukuxhumana okuvulekile nethimba lakho lezempilo kubalulekile kulo lonke ukwelashwa inqubo.

Umshwana wokuzihlangula: Lolu lwazi luhloselwe izinjongo zokufundisa kuphela futhi akufanele luthathwe njengeseluleko sezokwelapha. Hlala uthintana nochwepheshe bezempilo abaqeqeshiwe ukuze uxilongwe futhi ulashwe noma yisiphi isimo sezempilo.

Imithombo: [Faka ohlwini imithombo ethembekile yezibalo nolwazi olucashunwe esihlokweni. Faka izixhumanisi kumawebhusayithi abalulekile avela ezinhlanganweni ezihlonishwayo njengeNational Cancer Institute (NCI) noma i-American Lung Association (ALA).]