ukwelashwa kokuphelelwa umoya kumdlavuza wamaphaphu

Ukuphefumula, okwaziwa nangokuthi i-dyspnea, kuwuphawu olujwayelekile nolucindezelayo kubantu abaphila nomdlavuza wamaphaphu. Isebenza kahle ukwelashwa kokuphelelwa umoya kumdlavuza wamaphaphu ngokuvamile kuhilela indlela enezici eziningi, ehlanganisa ukungenelela kwezokwelapha, izindlela zokwelapha ezisekelayo, nokulungiswa kwendlela yokuphila. Lo mhlahlandlela uhlola izinketho ezitholakalayo futhi unikeze nemininingwane yokulawula lolu phawu oluyinselele, okuhloswe ngayo ukuthuthukisa izinga lempilo yeziguli.Ukuqonda Ukuphefumula Komdlavuza WamaphaphuKudala Ukungaphefumuli Kumdlavuza Wamaphaphu?Ziningi izici ezingaba nomthelela ekuphelelweni umoya kubantu abanomdlavuza wamaphaphu. Lokhu kubandakanya: Ukukhula kwe-Tumor: Isimila ngokwaso singavimba imigudu yokuphefumula noma sicindezele izicubu zamaphaphu, kwenze kube nzima ukuphefumula. I-Pleural Effusion: Ukunqwabelana koketshezi emaphashini (i-pleural effusion) kungakhawulela ukwanda kwamaphaphu. Izifo zamaphaphu: Umdlavuza wamaphaphu ungawenza buthaka amasosha omzimba, ukhulise ukungenwa yizifo ezifana nenyumoniya, okungadala ukuphelelwa umoya. I-anemia: Isibalo esiphansi samangqamuzana abomvu egazi (i-anemia) singanciphisa ukulethwa komoyampilo emzimbeni, okuholela ekuphelelweni umoya. Imiphumela emibi yokwelapha: Ezinye izindlela zokwelapha umdlavuza, njenge-chemotherapy kanye nokwelashwa ngemisebe, zingadala umonakalo wamaphaphu kanye nokuphelelwa umoya. Izimo zamaphaphu angaphansi: Izimo esezivele zikhona ngaphambili njenge-COPD noma isifuba somoya zingakhubaza ukuphelelwa umoya. Odokotela basebenzisa izindlela ezahlukene, ezihlanganisa: Umlando Wesiguli: Ukubuza mayelana nokuqala, ubude besikhathi, kanye nezimbangela zokuphelelwa umoya. Ukuhlolwa Komzimba: Ukulalela imisindo yamaphaphu nokuhlola amaphethini okuphefumula. Ukuhlolwa Kokusebenza Kwephaphu (PFTs): Ukulinganisa umthamo wamaphaphu nokugeleza komoya. Ukuhlolwa Kwezithombe: I-X-ray yesifuba noma i-CT scan ukuze ubone amaphaphu ngeso lengqondo futhi uhlonze izimbangela ezingase zibe khona. Ukuqapha Ukugcwala Kweoksijini: Ukusebenzisa i-pulse oximeter ukukala izinga le-oxygen egazini.Imithi Yokwelapha Yokungaphefumuli Ukubhekana Nembangela Eyisisekelo Ukwelapha imbangela eyinhloko yokuphelelwa umoya ngokuvamile kuwumgomo oyinhloko. Lokhu kungase kuhlanganise: Ukwelashwa komdlavuza: I-Chemotherapy, i-radiation therapy, i-target therapy, noma i-immunotherapy yokunciphisa isimila futhi ikhulule ingcindezi emoyeni. Ukwelashwa okuqondile kuzoncika ohlotsheni kanye nesigaba somdlavuza wamaphaphu. I-Shandong Baofa Cancer Research Institute (https://baofahospital.com) izinikele ekucwaningeni nasekuthuthukiseni izindlela zokwelapha umdlavuza. Ukuphathwa kwe-Pleural Effusion: Ukukhipha uketshezi emaphashini (thoracentesis) noma ukufaka ishubhu esifubeni ukuvimbela ukunqwabelana koketshezi. Ukwelashwa Kokutheleleka: Ama-antibiotics wezifo ezibangelwa amagciwane, imithi ye-antiviral yezifo ezibangelwa amagciwane. Ukulawula I-anemia: Ukumpontshelwa igazi noma imithi yokwandisa ukukhiqizwa kwamangqamuzana egazi abomvu.Ukulawulwa KwezimpawuUma kusingathwa imbangela ewumsuka akuphumelelanga ngokugcwele, noma ngenkathi kulindelwe ukwelashwa kuqale ukusebenza, amasu okulawula izimpawu anganikeza impumuzo. Ukwelashwa Ngeoksijini: I-oksijini eyengeziwe ingakhuphula izinga le-oxygen egazini futhi ikhulule ukuphefumula. Umoya-mpilo ungalethwa nge-cannula yamakhala, imaski, noma amanye amadivaysi. Ama-bronchodilators: Imithi ephumuza imisipha emigwaqweni yomoya, okwenza kube lula ukuphefumula. Izibonelo ezivamile zihlanganisa i-albuterol ne-ipratropium. I-Corticosteroids: Imithi elwa nokuvuvukala enganciphisa ukuvuvukala emigwaqweni yomoya. Ama-opioid: Imithamo ephansi yama-opioid, njenge-morphine, inganciphisa umuzwa wokuphelelwa umoya. Ama-opioid kufanele asetshenziswe ngokuqapha ngenxa yemiphumela engemihle engaba khona. I-Anxiolytics: Imithi yokunciphisa ukukhathazeka, okungase kube kubi nakakhulu ukuphelelwa umoya.Izindlela Zokwelapha Ezisekelayo Zokungaphefumuli UkuphefumulaUkuvuselelwa kwamaphaphu kuwuhlelo oluhlelekile oluhlanganisa ukuqeqeshwa kokuzivocavoca, ukufundisa, nokusekelwa ukusiza abantu abanezimo zamaphaphu bathuthukise ukuphefumula kwabo kanye nezinga lempilo lilonke. Izingxenye ezibalulekile zifaka: Ukuqeqeshwa Kokuzivocavoca: Ukuqinisa imisipha esetshenziselwa ukuphefumula. Amasu okuphefumula: Amasu okufunda afana nokuphefumula ngezindebe ezigxiliwe kanye nokuphefumula kwe-diaphragmatic ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukugeleza komoya. Amasu Okonga Amandla: Ukufunda izindlela zokonga amandla nokunciphisa ukuphefumula ngesikhathi semisebenzi yansuku zonke.Izindlela Zokuphefumula Amasu athile okuphefumula angasiza ekulawuleni ukuphelelwa umoya: Ukuphefumula Kwezindebe: Ukuphefumula ngamakhala bese ekhipha umoya kancane ngezindebe ezicijile. Le nqubo isiza ukunciphisa ukuphefumula futhi ivimbele ukuvaleka komoya emaphashini. Ukuphefumula kwe-diaphragmatic: Ukuphefumula ngokujulile ku-diaphragm, okuyisisipha esikhulu esingaphansi kwamaphaphu. Le nqubo isiza ukukhulisa umthamo wamaphaphu futhi ithuthukise ukungena komoyampilo.Ukuma kanye nokumaIzikhundla ezithile zingenza ukuphefumula kube lula: Ukuhlala Ngokuqondile: Ukuncika phambili etafuleni noma esihlalweni kungasiza ekwandiseni isifuba futhi kuthuthukise ukugeleza komoya. Ukuma Nosekelo: Ukuncika ngodonga noma ikhawunta kunganikeza ukusekela futhi kunciphise umzamo odingekayo wokuphefumula. Ukulala Uphakamise Ikhanda: Ukusebenzisa imicamelo eyengeziwe ukuze uphakamise ikhanda nesifuba kungasiza ekuvimbeleni ukuphefumula ebusuku.Lifestyle AdjustmentsUkulawula Ukukhathazeka NokucindezelekaUkukhathazeka nokucindezeleka kungabangela ukuphelelwa umoya. Izindlela zokulawula ukukhathazeka zihlanganisa: Amasu Okuphumula: Ukuzindla, ukuvivinya ukuphefumula okujulile, nokuphumula kwemisipha okuqhubekayo. Ukwelulekwa noma Ukwelashwa: Ukukhuluma nomelaphi noma umeluleki kungasiza abantu ukuthi babhekane nezinselele ezingokomzwelo zokuphila nomdlavuza wamaphaphu kanye nokuphelelwa umoya.Ukuyeka UkubhemaUma ubhema, ukuyeka ukubhema kubalulekile. Ukubhema kulimaza amaphaphu futhi kwenza ukuphelelwa umoya kube kubi. Izinsiza ziyatholakala ukukusiza ukuthi uyeke, okuhlanganisa: I-Nicotine Replacement Therapy: Ama-patches, i-gum, ama-lozenges, noma ama-inhalers ukusiza ukunciphisa izifiso ze-nicotine. Imithi: Imithi kadokotela efana ne-bupropion noma i-varenicline ukusiza ukunciphisa izifiso kanye nezimpawu zokuhoxiswa. Amaqembu Okusekela: Amaqembu okusekela anganikeza isikhuthazo nokusekelwa phakathi nenqubo yokuyeka.UmsocoUkugcina ukudla okunempilo kubalulekile empilweni yonke futhi kungasiza ekuthuthukiseni ukuphefumula. Amathiphu okudla okunempilo ahlanganisa: Ukudla Okuncane, Izidlo Ezivamile: Lokhu kungasiza ekuvimbeleni ukudla ngokweqile nokunciphisa ukucindezela emaphashini. Ukugwema Ukudla Okukhiqiza Igesi: Ukudla okudala igesi kungenza kube nzima ukuphefumula. Ukuhlala ku-Hydrated: Ukuphuza uketshezi oluningi kungasiza ekunciphiseni amafinyila futhi kwenze kube lula ukukhwehlela. Nini Ukuthola Ukunakekelwa KwezokwelaphaKubalulekile ukuthola usizo lwezokwelapha uma uthola noma yikuphi kwalokhu okulandelayo: Ukuphefumula Kungazelelwe noma Okubi: Lokhu kungase kube uphawu lwesimo sezempilo esibucayi. Ukuphefumula Okubi: Uma ukuphefumula kwakho kuba kubi naphezu kokwelashwa. Ubuhlungu Besifuba: Ubuhlungu besifuba obuhambisana nokuphelelwa umoya kungase kube uphawu lwenkinga yenhliziyo noma yamaphaphu. Ukukhwehlela Ngegazi: Ukukhwehlela igazi kuwuphawu olubi oludinga ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha ngokushesha. Umkhuhlane: Ukushisa okuhambisana nokuphelelwa umoya kungase kube uphawu lokutheleleka.Isifinyezo Sezinketho Zokwelapha Ukwelashwa Isigaba Izibonelo Izinzuzo Ukwelashwa Kwezokwelapha (Imbangela Eyisisekelo) I-Chemotherapy, I-Radiation Therapy, I-Thoracentesis Nciphisa usayizi wesimila, khipha uketshezi, ukwelapha izifo Ukwelashwa Kwezokwelapha (Ukulawulwa Kwezimpawu) Ukwelapha Nge-oksijeni, Ama-Bronchodilators Impways, I-Bronchodilators Impways Yokuphefumula, I-Opioids Yehlisa umoya, I-Opioids Yokukhulula I-Opioids Ukwelapha Ukuvuselela Amaphaphu, Izindlela Zokuphefumula Thuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kokuphefumula, qinisa imisipha yokuphefumula Ukulungisa Indlela Yokuphila Ukuyeka Ukubhema, Ukulawula Ukukhathazeka, Ukudla Okunempilo Thuthukisa impilo yamaphaphu, yehlisa ukucindezeleka, gcina impilo yonke Ukulawula ukwelashwa kokuphelelwa umoya kumdlavuza wamaphaphu kudinga indlela ebanzi ehilela ukwelashwa, izindlela zokwelapha ezisekelayo, nokulungiswa kwendlela yokuphila. Ngokusebenzisana eduze nethimba lakho lokunakekelwa kwezempilo, ungakha uhlelo lomuntu siqu lokulawula izimpawu zakho futhi uthuthukise izinga lakho lempilo.