ukwelashwa imithi yokwelapha umdlavuza wamaphaphu Izibhedlela

Ukwelapha Umdlavuza Wamaphaphu: Imithi Nezibhedlela

Lo mhlahlandlela ophelele uyahlola ukwelashwa imithi yokwelapha umdlavuza wamaphaphu Izibhedlela, enikeza ukwaziswa okubalulekile ngemithi yokwelapha etholakalayo, izikhungo zezokwelapha ezihamba phambili, nentuthuko yakamuva ekunakekelweni komdlavuza wamaphaphu. Sihlola izindlela zokwelapha ezihlukahlukene, sichaza ukusebenza kwazo, imiphumela engemihle engase ibe khona, nokufaneleka kwezigaba ezahlukene zesifo. Siphinde sigqamise izibhedlela ezihlonishwayo ezigxile ekwelapheni umdlavuza wamaphaphu, sigcizelela ukubaluleka kokukhetha isikhungo sezokwelapha esifanele sokunakekelwa okufanele.

Ukuqonda Izinketho Zokwelapha Umdlavuza Wamaphaphu

Ukungenelela Kokuhlinzwa

Ukuhlinzwa kuseyinsika ukwelashwa komdlavuza wamaphaphu ngesifo esisesigabeni sokuqala. Uhlobo lokuhlinzwa luncike endaweni kanye nobukhulu bethumba. Izinqubo ezivamile zihlanganisa i-lobectomy (ukususwa kwe-lobe yamaphaphu), i-pneumonectomy (ukususwa kwephaphu lonke), kanye nokukhishwa kwe-wedge (ukususwa kwengxenye encane yezicubu zamaphaphu). Amazinga okuphumelela ekuhlinzweni ayahlukahluka kuye ngezinto eziningana, okuhlanganisa impilo yesiguli iyonke kanye nesigaba somdlavuza. Ukululama ngemva kokuhlinzwa kuhilela isikhathi sokulaliswa esibhedlela esilandelwa ukuvuselelwa ukuze kubuyiselwe amandla nokusebenza kwamaphaphu.

I-Chemotherapy

I-Chemotherapy isebenzisa izidakamizwa ezinamandla ukubulala amangqamuzana omdlavuza. Ngokuvamile isetshenziselwa i-Advanced ukwelashwa komdlavuza wamaphaphu, kungaba iyodwa noma ihlanganiswe nezinye izindlela zokwelapha njengemisebe. Izidakamizwa ezisetshenziswa kakhulu ngamakhemikhali zomdlavuza wamaphaphu zihlanganisa i-cisplatin, i-carboplatin, i-paclitaxel, ne-docetaxel. Imiphumela engemihle ingasukela kokuncane kuye kokuqina futhi incike emithini ethile kanye nomthamo. Iziguli kufanele zixoxe ngemiphumela emibi engaba khona kanye namasu okuphatha nodokotela wazo we-oncologist.

Ukwelapha Ngemisebe

Ukwelapha ngemisebe kusebenzisa imisebe enamandla amakhulu ukukhomba nokubhubhisa amangqamuzana omdlavuza. Ingasetshenziswa yodwa noma ngokuhambisana nezinye izindlela zokwelapha. Izinhlobo ezahlukene zokwelapha ngemisebe zikhona, okuhlanganisa ukwelapha ngemisebe yangaphandle kanye ne-brachytherapy (imisebe yangaphakathi). Imiphumela engemihle ingabandakanya ukukhathala, ukucasuka kwesikhumba, nobunzima bokugwinya, kuye ngendawo yokwelapha. Ukuqina kanye nobude besikhathi sokwelashwa kuhambisana nezidingo zesiguli ngasinye kanye nesigaba somdlavuza.

Ukwelapha Okuhlosiwe

Ukwelapha okuhlosiwe kusebenzisa imithi eklanyelwe ukuhlasela amangqamuzana omdlavuza athile ngomonakalo omncane kumaseli anempilo. Lezi zindlela zokwelapha ziqondise ekuguqukeni kofuzo noma amaprotheni aqhuba ukukhula komdlavuza. Izibonelo zemithi yokwelapha eqondisiwe esetshenziswa ku imithi yokwelapha umdlavuza wamaphaphu zihlanganisa i-EGFR inhibitors (njenge-gefitinib ne-erlotinib) kanye ne-ALK inhibitors (njenge-crizotinib). Ukusebenza kokwelashwa okuhlosiwe kuncike ekuguquguqukeni kofuzo okuthile okukhona esimila.

I-Immunotherapy

I-Immunotherapy ihlanganisa amasosha omzimba ukulwa nomdlavuza. Kuhilela ukusebenzisa imithi ekhulisa amandla amasosha omzimba okuhlonza nokubhubhisa amangqamuzana omdlavuza. Izidakamizwa ezijwayelekile ze-immunotherapy ezisetshenziswa ku ukwelashwa komdlavuza wamaphaphu faka ama-checkpoint inhibitors afana ne-pembrolizumab ne-nivolumab. I-Immunotherapy ingaholela ekuthuthukisweni okuphawulekayo kumazinga okusinda kwezinye iziguli kodwa ingase futhi ibangele imiphumela emibi ebalulekile edinga ukuqapha ngokucophelela.

Ukukhetha Isibhedlela Esilungile Sokwelashwa Komdlavuza Wamaphaphu

Ukukhethela isibhedlela ukwelashwa komdlavuza wamaphaphu kuyisinqumo esibucayi. Cabangela izici ezinjengokuhlangenwe nakho kwesibhedlela ekwelapheni umdlavuza wamaphaphu, ukufinyelela kwaso ezobuchwepheshe obuphambili, uchwepheshe bethimba laso lezokwelapha (kuhlanganise nodokotela abahlinzayo, izazi ze- oncologist, nabelaphi ngemisebe), kanye nobufakazi besiguli. Ukucwaninga amanani empumelelo ezibhedlela, isimo sokugunyazwa, kanye nezinsizakalo zokusekelwa kweziguli kubalulekile. Ungase futhi ufune ukubheka izibhedlela ezihlinzeka ngezinhlelo zokwelapha eziphelele ezihlanganisa ukunakekelwa kwe-palliative.

Nakuba lesi sihloko sihlose ukuhlinzeka ngolwazi olubanzi, kubalulekile ukuthintana nodokotela wakho ukuze wenze kube ngokwakho ukwelashwa imithi yokwelapha umdlavuza wamaphaphu iseluleko. Isinyathelo esingcono kakhulu ngaso sonke isikhathi sincike ezimweni zomuntu ngamunye kanye nentuthuko yakamuva yezokwelapha. Ukuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe kanye nokufinyelela kuchwepheshe bezokwelapha obusezingeni lomhlaba, vakashela I-Shandong Baofa Cancer Research Institute.

Ukuqhathaniswa Kwezinketho Zokwelashwa

Umshwana wokuzihlangula: Lolu lwazi luhloselwe izinjongo zokufundisa kuphela futhi akufanele luthathwe njengeseluleko sezokwelapha. Hlala uthintana nochwepheshe bezempilo ukuze uxilongwe futhi ulashwe noma yisiphi isimo sezempilo.