ukwelashwa kwe-lung tumor

Ukwelashwa Kwethumba Lamaphaphu: Umhlahlandlela Ophelele

Lesi sihloko sinikeza umbono ophelele we ukwelashwa kwesimila samaphaphu izinketho, ezihlanganisa izigaba nezindlela ezahlukahlukene. Sizohlola izindlela zokwelashwa ezihlukene, sixoxe ngezinto ezithinta izinqumo zokwelashwa, futhi sinikeze imininingwane yokulawula izinselele ezihlobene ukwelashwa kwesimila samaphaphu. Lo mhlahlandlela uhlose ukunika amandla abantu ngabanye nemindeni yabo ngolwazi olubalulekile lokuzulazula kulolu hambo oluyinkimbinkimbi.

Ukuqonda Ama-Lung Tumors

Izinhlobo Zezimila Zamaphaphu

Izimila zamaphaphu ngobubanzi zihlukaniswa zibe izigaba ezimbili eziyinhloko: i-benign (engezona umdlavuza) kanye ne-malignant (umdlavuza). Izimila zamaphaphu eziyingozi ziphinde zihlukaniswe zibe umdlavuza omncane wamaphaphu weseli (SCLC) kanye nomdlavuza wamaphaphu ongewona omncane (NSCLC). I-NSCLC ilandisa ngenani elikhulu lokuxilongwa komdlavuza wamaphaphu. Uhlobo oluthile lwesimila samaphaphu luthinta kakhulu ukwelashwa kwe-lung tumor uhlelo.

Umdlavuza Wamaphaphu

Isiteji sibalulekile ekunqumeni okufanele ukwelashwa kwe-lung tumor isu. Isiteji sibonisa izinga lokusabalala komdlavuza. Amasistimu wesiteji, njengohlelo lwe-TNM, acabangela usayizi wesimila (T), ukubandakanyeka kwe-lymph node (N), kanye ne-distasis metastasis (M). Isiteji esinembile sidinga ukuhlolwa okuhlukahlukene kokuxilonga, okuhlanganisa ama-imaging scan (CT, PET), ama-biopsies, nokuhlolwa kwegazi.

Izinketho Zokwelashwa Kwezimila Zamaphaphu

Ukuhlinzwa

Ukususwa ngokuhlinzwa kwesimila kuyindlela yokwelapha eyinhloko yomdlavuza wamaphaphu osaqala. Inqubo ethile yokuhlinzwa incike endaweni kanye nosayizi wesimila. Izinketho zihlanganisa i-lobectomy (ukususwa kwe-lobe), i-segmentectomy (ukususwa kwengxenye), kanye nokukhishwa kwe-wedge (ukususwa kwengxenye encane yephaphu). Amasu ahlasela kancane, njengokuhlinzwa kwethoracoscopic (VATS) okusizwa ngevidiyo, kuvame ukukhethwa ukuze kuncishiswe ukuhlasela kanye nesikhathi sokutakula.

I-Chemotherapy

I-Chemotherapy isebenzisa izidakamizwa ukubulala amangqamuzana omdlavuza. Ivamise ukusetshenziselwa umdlavuza wamaphaphu osezingeni eliphezulu, kungaba uwedwa noma uhlanganiswe nezinye izindlela zokwelapha. Imithi eminingi yokwelapha ngamakhemikhali iyatholakala, futhi ukukhetha kuncike ezicini ezihlukahlukene ezihlanganisa uhlobo nesigaba somdlavuza, impilo yonke yesiguli, kanye nemiphumela engemihle engase ibe khona. I-National Cancer Institute inikeza ulwazi oluningiliziwe ngezinqubo ze-chemotherapy.

Ukwelapha Ngemisebe

Ukwelapha ngemisebe kusebenzisa imisebe enamandla amakhulu ukukhomba nokubhubhisa amangqamuzana omdlavuza. Ingasetshenziswa ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa (i-neoadjuvant), ngemva kokuhlinzwa (i-adjuvant), noma njengokwelashwa okuyinhloko kwezimila ezingasebenzi. Ukwelashwa kwe-radiation ye-beam yangaphandle kuwuhlobo oluvame kakhulu. I-stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) iwuhlobo olunembe kakhudlwana lokwelapha ngemisebe oluletha imithamo ephezulu yemisebe ngezikhathi ezimbalwa.

Ukwelapha Okuhlosiwe

Ukwelapha okuhlosiwe kusebenzisa izidakamizwa eziqondise amangqamuzana omdlavuza ngaphandle kokulimaza amaseli avamile. Lezi zindlela zokwelapha zisebenza kakhulu ku-NSCLC ngokuguquguquka okuthile kofuzo. Izibonelo zifaka ama-EGFR inhibitors, ama-ALK inhibitors, nama-PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors. Ukuhlolwa kofuzo kubalulekile ukuze kutholakale iziguli okungenzeka zihlomule kulezi zindlela zokwelapha ezihlosiwe.

I-Immunotherapy

I-Immunotherapy ihlanganisa amasosha omzimba ukulwa nomdlavuza. Izidakamizwa ze-Immunotherapy, njenge-checkpoint inhibitors, zisiza amasosha omzimba ukubona futhi abhubhise amangqamuzana omdlavuza. Le ndlela ikhombise impumelelo enkulu ekwelapheni umdlavuza wamaphaphu othuthukile, futhi ukusebenza kwawo kuvame ukuhlolwa ngama-biomarker afana ne-PD-L1 expression.

Ukukhetha Uhlelo Lokwelapha Olulungile

Okungcono kakhulu ukwelashwa kwe-lung tumor Uhlelo luqondene nomuntu ngamunye futhi luncike ezicini eziningi, okuhlanganisa uhlobo nesigaba sesimila samaphaphu, impilo yesiguli iyonke, kanye nalokho esikukhethayo. Ithimba lezinhlaka eziningi lochwepheshe bezokunakekelwa kwempilo, okuhlanganisa odokotela bomdlavuza, odokotela abahlinzayo, odokotela be-radioologists, nabanye ochwepheshe, bazosebenzisana ukuze bakhe uhlelo olubanzi lokwelapha oluhambisana nezidingo zomuntu ngamunye.

Ukuphatha I-Side Effects kanye Nokusekela

Ukwelashwa kwe-lung tumor kungabangela imiphumela emibi ehlukahlukene, kuye ngemithi ethile esetshenzisiwe. Ukuphatha le miphumela emibi kubalulekile ekwenzeni ngcono izinga lempilo. Amaqembu okusekela, izinsizakalo zokwelulekwa, kanye nokunakekelwa kwe-palliative kungasiza kakhulu iziguli nemindeni yazo ngalesi sikhathi esiyinselele. I I-American Lung Association inikeza izinsiza ezibalulekile kanye namanethiwekhi okusekela abantu abathile abathintwe umdlavuza wamaphaphu.

Ucwaningo kanye Nokusungula Ekwelashweni Kwethumba Lamaphaphu

Ucwaningo oluqhubekayo luthuthuka ngokuqhubekayo ukwelashwa kwe-lung tumor izinketho, okuholela emiphumeleni engcono kanye nezinga lempilo yeziguli. Izivivinyo zemitholampilo zinikeza ukufinyelela kuzindlela zokwelapha ezisha futhi zifaka isandla ekwakhiweni kwezindlela zokwelapha ezintsha nezithuthukisiwe. Ukuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe mayelana nezivivinyo zomtholampilo, ungathintana nomhlinzeki wakho wokunakekelwa kwezempilo noma ubheke izinsiza ezifana nalezi ClinicalTrials.gov.

Ukuze uthole ukwaziswa okwengeziwe kanye ezikhethekile ukwelashwa kwesimila samaphaphu, cabanga ukuthintana ne-Shandong Baofa Cancer Research Institute e- https://www.baofahospital.com/