ukwelashwa okungewona amangqamuzana amancane omdlavuza wamaphaphu

Izinketho Zokwelapha Umdlavuza Ongewona Owomncane Wengqamuzana Wamaphaphu (NSCLC)Ukuqonda Umdlavuza Wengqamuzana Ongewona Omncane Wamaphaphu kanye Nokwelashwa OkutholakalayoLe ndatshana ihlinzeka ngolwazi olubanzi mayelana nokwelashwa komdlavuza wamaphaphu ongewona omncane (i-NSCLC). Sihlola izindlela zokwelapha ezihlukahlukene, okuhlanganisa ukuhlinzwa, i-chemotherapy, ukwelashwa ngemisebe, ukwelashwa okuhlosiwe, kanye ne-immunotherapy, sichaza ukusebenza kwazo kanye nemiphumela engemihle engase ibe khona. Sihlose ukunika amandla abantu ababhekene nalokhu kuxilongwa ngolwazi ukuze baqhube izingxoxo ezinolwazi nabahlinzeki babo bezempilo. Khumbula, lolu lwazi akufanele luthathe indawo yeseluleko sezokwelapha esiqeqeshiwe. Hlala uthintana nodokotela wakho we-oncologist noma omunye uchwepheshe wezempilo ukuze uthole isiqondiso esiqondene nawe.

Ukuqonda Umdlavuza Ongewona Owomncane Weseli Wamaphaphu (NSCLC)

Umdlavuza wamaphaphu ongewona omncane (I-NSCLC) kubala cishe amaphesenti angama-85 akho konke ukuxilonga umdlavuza wamaphaphu. Kuyisifo esihlukile, okusho ukuthi sivela ngendlela ehlukile kubantu abahlukahlukene, sithinta ukubikezela kanye nezindlela zokwelashwa. Ukutholwa kusenesikhathi kuthuthukisa kakhulu amazinga okusinda, okugqamisa ukubaluleka kokuhlolwa okuvamile nokushesha ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha uma kuvela izimpawu. Uhlobo nesiteji se I-NSCLC kunomthelela omkhulu ohlelweni lokwelapha.

Ukwakhiwa kwe-NSCLC

Isiteji se I-NSCLC, ngokuvamile kusetshenziswa uhlelo lwe-TNM (I-Tumor, Node, Metastasis), kubalulekile ekunqumeni isu lokwelapha. Lolu hlelo luhlola usayizi wesimila nendawo, ukubandakanyeka kwama-lymph nodes, kanye nokuba khona kwama-metastases akude. Izigaba zisuka ku-I (ezendawo) kuye ku-IV (i-metastatic), isigaba ngasinye sibonisa indlela ehlukile yokubikezela kanye nendlela yokwelapha. Ukuma kwesiteji okunembile kudinga inhlanganisela yokuhlolwa kwesithombe njengama-CT scan, ama-PET scan, kanye nama-biopsies angenzeka.

Izinketho Zokwelashwa ze-NSCLC

Izinketho zokwelashwa ze I-NSCLC kuncike kakhulu esigabeni somdlavuza, impilo yesiguli iyonke, kanye nalokho esikukhethayo. Ngokuvamile kuhilela inhlanganisela yezindlela zokwelapha ukuze kwandiswe ukusebenza kahle nokuthuthukisa imiphumela.

Ukuhlinzwa

Ukususwa ngokuhlinzwa kwesimila kuyindlela yokwelapha eyinhloko yesigaba sokuqala I-NSCLC. Uhlobo lokuhlinzwa luncike endaweni kanye nosayizi wesimila, okungenzeka kuhilele i-lobectomy (ukususwa kwe-lung lobe), i-pneumonectomy (ukususwa kwephaphu lonke), noma i-segmentectomy (ukususwa kwengxenye yamaphaphu encane). Izindlela zokuhlinza ezihlasela kancane njengokuhlinzwa kwethoracoscopic okusizwa ngevidiyo (i-VATS) ziya ngokuya zivame, zinikeza izimbobo ezincane kanye nezikhathi zokululama ngokushesha.

I-Chemotherapy

I-Chemotherapy ihilela ukusebenzisa izidakamizwa ukubulala amangqamuzana omdlavuza. Ivamise ukusetshenziswa ekuhlanganisweni nezinye izindlela zokwelapha, ezinjengokuhlinzwa noma ukwelashwa ngemisebe, noma njengokwelashwa okuyinhloko kwesigaba esithuthukisiwe. I-NSCLC. Izidakamizwa ezisetshenziswa kakhulu ze-chemotherapy I-NSCLC kufaka phakathi i-cisplatin, i-carboplatin, i-paclitaxel, ne-docetaxel. Imiphumela engemihle ingaba nkulu futhi ihluke kuye ngemithi ethile kanye nomthamo.

Ukwelapha Ngemisebe

Ukwelapha ngemisebe kusebenzisa imisebe enamandla amakhulu ukubulala amangqamuzana omdlavuza. Ingasetshenziselwa ukunciphisa izimila ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa, ukucekela phansi amangqamuzana omdlavuza asele ngemva kokuhlinzwa, noma ukwelapha izinga eliphezulu I-NSCLC engakwazi ukususwa ngokuhlinzwa. Ukwelashwa ngemisebe yangaphandle kuwuhlobo oluvame kakhulu, oluletha imisebe emshinini ongaphandle komzimba. Imiphumela engemihle ingase ihlanganise ukukhathala, ukucasuka kwesikhumba, nesicanucanu.

Ukwelapha Okuhlosiwe

Izindlela zokwelapha ezihlosiwe zigxile kuma-molecule athile ahilelekile ekukhuleni kwamangqamuzana omdlavuza nokusinda. Ziwusizo ikakhulukazi I-NSCLC iziguli ezinokuguquguquka okuthile kofuzo, okufana ne-EGFR, ALK, ROS1, kanye nezinguquko ze-BRAF. Lezi zindlela zokwelapha zibonise impumelelo emangalisayo ekwandiseni izikhathi zokusinda ezigulini ezinalezi zinguquko ezithile. Izibonelo zezindlela zokwelapha ezihlosiwe zifaka i-erlotinib, i-gefitinib, i-crizotinib, ne-afatinib.

I-Immunotherapy

I-Immunotherapy ihlanganisa amasosha omzimba ukuze alwe namaseli omdlavuza. Isebenza kakhulu ekwelapheni I-NSCLC ngenkulumo ephezulu ye-PD-L1. Izidakamizwa ze-Immunotherapy, njenge-pembrolizumab, nivolumab, ne-atezolizumab, zivimba izindawo zokuhlola amasosha omzimba, zivumela amasosha omzimba ukuthi ahlasele ngempumelelo amaseli omdlavuza. Imiphumela engemihle ingahluka kodwa ingase ihlanganise ukukhathala, ukuqubuka kwesikhumba, nezenzakalo ezimbi ezihlobene nokuzivikela komzimba.

Ukukhetha Uhlelo Lokwelapha Olulungile

Ukukhethwa kwe Ukwelashwa kwe-NSCLC kuyinqubo eyenziwe ngezifiso kakhulu. Indlela efanele incike ezicini ezihlukahlukene, okuhlanganisa uhlobo oluthile kanye nesigaba somdlavuza, impilo yesiguli iyonke, kanye nezinto azithandayo. Ukubambisana okuseduze phakathi kwesiguli nethimba laso lokunakekelwa kwezempilo kubalulekile ukuze kunqunywe inkambo engcono kakhulu yokwenza. Izingxoxo eziphelele nama-oncologists nabanye ochwepheshe, okuhlanganisa odokotela abahlinzayo, odokotela be-radiation oncologists, kanye nama-oncologists wezokwelapha, zibalulekile ukuze kwakhiwe uhlelo lokwelapha oluhambisanayo. Lokhu akufanele kuhlanganise kuphela ukwelashwa ngokwako kodwa futhi nohlelo lokulawula noma yimiphi imiphumela emibi.

Uhlobo Lokwelapha	Ukusebenza kahle	Imiphumela Emibi
Ukuhlinzwa	Iphezulu esigabeni sokuqala	Ubuhlungu, ukutheleleka, ubunzima bokuphefumula
I-Chemotherapy	Iyahlukahluka kuye ngesiteji nesidakamizwa	Isicanucanu, ukuhlanza, ukulahlekelwa izinwele, ukukhathala
Ukwelapha Ngemisebe	Isebenza ezifweni zasendaweni	Ukukhathala, ukucasuka kwesikhumba, isicanucanu
Ukwelapha Okuhlosiwe	Isebenza kahle kakhulu ekuguquleni okuthile	Ukuqubuka kwesikhumba, isifo sohudo, ukukhathala
I-Immunotherapy	Isebenza ezinhlotsheni ezithile nezigaba	Ukukhathala, ukuqubuka kwesikhumba, izehlakalo ezimbi ezihlobene nokuzivikela komzimba

Ukuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe ngokwelashwa nokusekelwa komdlavuza, sicela uvakashele ku I-Shandong Baofa Cancer Research Institute iwebhusayithi. Banikeza izinketho zokwelashwa ezithuthukisiwe kanye nokusekelwa okuphelele kwabantu abalwa nomdlavuza.

Umshwana wokuzihlangula: Lolu lwazi luhloselwe izinjongo zokufundisa kuphela futhi akufanele luthathwe njengeseluleko sezokwelapha. Hlala uthintana nochwepheshe bezempilo abaqeqeshiwe ukuze uxilongwe futhi ulashwe noma yisiphi isimo sezempilo.

Izithenjwa: (Izikhombo eziqondile zamajenali ezokwelapha nezinhlangano zomdlavuza ezihlonishwayo zizofakwa lapha, zixhunywe kuzo ne-rel=nofollow ukuze kugwenywe ukuba nomthelela ezingeni losesho. Izibonelo zingabandakanya amawebhusayithi eNational Cancer Institute (NCI) kanye ne-American Cancer Society (ACS).