umdlavuza webele ongemuhle kathathu

I-Triple Negative Breast Cancer: A Comprehensive GuideUnderstanding Triple-Negative Breast Cancer: A Patient's GuideUmdlavuza webele ongenawo Kathathu (TNBC) uhlobo oluncane lomdlavuza webele ongawavezi ama-receptors e-estrogen, i-progesterone, noma i-HER2. Lokhu kuntuleka kwama-receptors kwenza kube nolaka futhi kube nzima ukuyelapha uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izinhlobo zomdlavuza webele. Lo mhlahlandlela unikeza umbono ophelele we umdlavuza webele ongemuhle kathathu, ehlanganisa izici zayo, ukuxilongwa, izinketho zokwelashwa, nezinsiza zokusekela. Sihlose ukukunikeza amandla ngolwazi nokuqonda ukuze uzulazule kulolu hambo oluyinselele.

Ukuqonda izici ze-TNBC

Yini eyenza i-TNBC ihluke?

Ngokungafani nezinye izinhlobo zomdlavuza webele, umdlavuza webele ongemuhle kathathu ayinayo i-estrogen receptor (ER), i-progesterone receptor (PR), kanye ne-epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2). Lawa ma-receptors ngokuvamile aqondiswe ekwelapheni abanye umdlavuza wamabele, kodwa ukungabi khona kwawo ku-TNBC kukhawulela izinketho zokwelapha. Lokhu kuvame ukuholela enkambweni yezifo ezinolaka kanye nengozi enkulu yokuphinda iphindeke.

Ukusabalala kanye Nezici Zobungozi

Umdlavuza webele ongemuhle kathathu ibalelwa cishe i-10-20% yawo wonke umdlavuza wamabele. Izinto zobungozi ezihlotshaniswa ne-TNBC zifaka phakathi ubudala obuncane ekuxilongeni, ukuguqulwa kofuzo lwe-BRCA1, ubuzwe base-Afrika baseMelika, kanye nomlando womndeni womdlavuza webele. Kodwa-ke, abesifazane abaningi abatholakala bene-TNBC abanazo izici zengozi ezibonakalayo.

Ukuxilongwa kanye Nesiteji se-TNBC

Izinqubo zokuxilonga

Ukuxilonga umdlavuza webele ongemuhle kathathu ngokuvamile kuhilela i-biopsy ukuhlola amaseli wesimila ngaphansi kwesibonakhulu. Ukuhlolwa kwe-Immunohistochemical staining (IHC) kunquma ubukhona noma ukungabikho kwe-ER, PR, kanye ne-HER2 receptors. Okunye ukuhlola, okufana ne-imaging scans (i-mammography, i-ultrasound, i-MRI), ingase isetshenziselwe ukuhlola izinga lomdlavuza.

Isiteji kanye ne-Prognosis

Isiteji sinquma ubukhulu kanye nezinga lomdlavuza, kube nomthelela ezinqumweni zokwelashwa kanye nokubikezelwa. Uhlelo lwesiteji lwe-TNM luvame ukusetshenziswa, luhlola usayizi wesimila (T), ukubandakanyeka kwe-lymph node (N), kanye ne-distasis metastasis (M). Ukubikezela kwe-TNBC kuyahlukahluka kuye ngesiteji nezinye izici; ukutholwa kusenesikhathi nokwelashwa kusenesikhathi kubalulekile ukuze kuthuthukiswe imiphumela.

Izinketho Zokwelashwa ze-TNBC

Ukuhlinzwa

Ukuhlinzwa kuvame ukuba wumugqa wokuqala wokwelapha umdlavuza webele ongemuhle kathathu, okuhloswe ngayo ukususa isimila esinomdlavuza. Lokhu kungase kuhlanganise i-lumpectomy (ukukhipha isimila) noma i-mastectomy (ukukhipha ibele). I-Sentinel lymph node biopsy noma i-axillary lymph node dissection ingenziwa ukuze kuhlolwe ukubandakanyeka kwe-lymph node.

I-Chemotherapy

I-Chemotherapy iyisisekelo sokwelashwa kwe-TNBC, evame ukusetshenziswa ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa (i-neoadjuvant chemotherapy) ukuze kuncishiswe isimila noma ngemva kokuhlinzwa (i-adjuvant chemotherapy) ukuze kwehliswe ingozi yokuphinda. Izinhlobo ezahlukene zemithi yokwelapha ngamakhemikhali ziyatholakala, ezikhethwa ngokusekelwe ezicini ngazinye. Ucwaningo iyaqhubeka nokuhlola inhlanganisela yenoveli ye-chemotherapy ukuze ithuthukise ukusebenza kahle.

Ukwelapha Ngemisebe

Ukwelapha ngemisebe kusebenzisa imisebe enamandla amakhulu ukubulala amangqamuzana omdlavuza. Kuvame ukusetshenziswa ngemva kokuhlinzwa ukuze kucekelwe noma yimaphi amaseli omdlavuza asele ebeleni noma ama-lymph nodes aseduze. Ingase futhi isetshenziselwe ukwelapha isifo se-metastatic.

Ukwelapha Okuhlosiwe kanye ne-Immunotherapy

Nakuba i-TNBC ingaphenduli ekwelashweni kwe-hormone noma imishanguzo eqondiswe yi-HER2, ucwaningo lusaqhubeka ekwelapheni okuqondisiwe kanye nama-immunotherapies. Ezinye izindlela zokwelapha ezihlosiwe zigxile ezindleleni ezithile ezihilelekile ekukhuleni kwe-TNBC, kuyilapho ama-immunotherapies ehlose ukuqinisa amasosha omzimba ukuze alwe nomdlavuza. Lokhu kwelashwa kubonisa isithembiso kodwa kusaphenywa.

Ukuhlala kanye Nangaphandle kwe-TNBC

Ukunakekelwa Kokulandelela

Ukuqokwa kokulandelela okuvamile kubalulekile ngemva kokwelashwa ukuze kuqashwe ukuphindeka. Lawa ma-aphoyintimenti ngokuvamile abandakanya ukuhlolwa ngokomzimba, ukuskena kwezithombe, nokuhlolwa kwegazi. Ukutholwa kusenesikhathi kokuvela kabusha kubalulekile ekuphatheni ngempumelelo.

Ukusekela Nezinsiza

Ukubhekana nokuxilongwa kwe umdlavuza webele ongemuhle kathathu kungaba inselele. Ukusekelwa okuvela emndenini, abangani, namaqembu okusekela kubaluleke kakhulu. Izinhlangano eziningi zinikeza izinsiza nosekelo kubantu abathintwe yi-TNBC. Cabangela ukuxhumana ne- I-Shandong Baofa Cancer Research Institute ngolwazi olwengeziwe nezinsiza. Banikeza ukunakekelwa okuphelele komdlavuza, okubandakanya ubuchwepheshe ekwelapheni izinhlobo ezahlukene zomdlavuza webele.

Ucwaningo Oluqhubekayo kanye Nezilingo Zomtholampilo

Ucwaningo nge umdlavuza webele ongemuhle kathathu ilokhu ivela njalo, ngezivivinyo zomtholampilo eziqhubekayo ezihlola amasu amasha okwelapha kanye nemiphumela ethuthukisayo. I-oncologist yakho ingaxoxa ngokubamba iqhaza okungase kube khona ezivivinyweni zomtholampilo ezingase zifanele isimo sakho esithile. Ukuhlala unolwazi mayelana nentuthuko yakamuva ocwaningweni lwe-TNBC kubalulekile.