ka maʻi maʻi maʻi maʻi

ʻO ka maʻi maʻi maʻi ʻaʻai: ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i nā ʻano, nā hōʻailona, ​​nā ʻike, a me nā koho lapaʻau ʻO ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i ka paʻakikī o ka maʻi maʻi kīkī e pono ai ka ʻike piha ʻana o kāna mau ʻano like ʻole, nā hōʻailona, ​​nā ʻano diagnostics, a me nā koho lapaʻau i loaʻa. ʻO kēia alakaʻi ka manaʻo e hāʻawi i kahi kumu aʻoaʻo a ʻike no ka poʻe e ʻimi nei i ka ʻike e pili ana i kēia maʻi laha.

Nā ʻano o ka maʻi maʻi ʻaʻai

ʻO ka maʻi maʻi maʻi ʻaʻai, ʻike ʻia ʻo ka maʻi maʻi maʻi renal cell carcinoma (RCC), e hoʻopuni ana i nā ʻano subtypes, kēlā me kēia me nā hiʻohiʻona kūʻokoʻa a me nā wānana. ʻO ke ʻano maʻamau ʻo RCC cell clear, helu ʻia ma kahi o 70-80% o nā hihia āpau. ʻO nā subtype koʻikoʻi ʻē aʻe e pili ana i ka papillary RCC a me ka chromophobe RCC. Hoʻomaopopo i ke ʻano kikoʻī o ka maʻi maʻi maʻi maʻi he mea koʻikoʻi no ka hoʻoholo ʻana i ka hoʻolālā lapaʻau kūpono loa. ʻO ka Shandong Baofa Cancer Research Institute ([https://www.baofahospital.com/](https://www.baofahospital.com/ Shandong Baofa Cancer Research Institute)) kahi kikowaena alakaʻi no ka noiʻi ʻana a me ka mālama ʻana i nā ʻano ʻano like ʻole o ka maʻi maʻi ʻaʻai. Hoʻopili ko lākou ʻike ma nā ʻano subtypes ʻē aʻe, e hōʻoia ana i nā mea maʻi e loaʻa ka mālama kūpono.

Hoʻomaʻemaʻe i ka maʻi maʻi maʻi maʻi maʻi maʻi maʻi maʻi maʻi (ccRCC)

ʻO kēia ke ʻano maʻamau o ka maʻi maʻi ʻaʻai, pili pinepine me nā hoʻololi genetic kikoʻī. ʻO kona hiʻohiʻona ma lalo o kahi microscope e hōʻike ʻia e ka cytoplasm maʻemaʻe i loko o nā keʻena maʻi kanesa.

Papillary Renal Cell Carcinoma (pRCC)

Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ʻo Papillary RCC e kona ʻano ulu papillary, e like me nā kuhi liʻiliʻi e like me nā manamana lima. Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ʻo ia i ke ʻano 1 a me ke ʻano 2, kēlā me kēia me nā pae like ʻole o ka huhū.

ʻO Chromophobe Renal Cell Carcinoma (chRCC)

ʻO Chromophobe RCC kahi subtype maʻamau, ʻike ʻia e nā sela i ʻike ʻia ka māmā o ke kala ma lalo o kahi microscope. Loaʻa iā ia ka prognosis maikaʻi loa i ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana i ka cell RCC maʻemaʻe.

Nā hōʻailona o ka maʻi maʻi ʻaʻai

ʻAkahi-pae ka maʻi maʻi maʻi maʻi ʻike pinepine ʻia me nā hōʻailona liʻiliʻi a ʻike ʻole paha. Eia nō naʻe, i ka ulu ʻana o ka maʻi koko, hiki ke ʻike ʻia kekahi mau hōʻailona. Hiki i kēia mau mea ke komo: Koko i loko o ka mimi (hematuria) He puʻupuʻu a nui paha ma ka ʻaoʻao a i ʻole ka ʻōpū Ka ʻeha mau ma ka ʻaoʻao a i ʻole ke kua.

ʻIke ʻia o ka maʻi maʻi ʻaʻai

Ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana ka maʻi maʻi maʻi maʻi pili i ka hui pū ʻana o nā hoʻokolohua kiʻi a me nā biopsies. ʻO nā ʻano hana diagnostic maʻamau ka: Ultrasound: He ʻenehana kiʻi non-invasive e hoʻohana ana i nā hawewe kani e hana i nā kiʻi o nā puʻupaʻa. CT Scan: He ho'āʻo kiʻi kikoʻī hou aku e hoʻohana ana i nā kukui X e hana i nā kiʻi cross-sectional o ke kino. MRI: He ʻenehana kiʻi ikaika e hoʻohana ana i nā māla magnetic a me nā hawewe lekiō e hana i nā kiʻi kikoʻī o nā puʻupaʻa. Biopsy: He kaʻina hana kahi e wehe ʻia ai kahi ʻiʻo liʻiliʻi a nānā ʻia ma lalo o kahi microscope e hōʻoia i ka loaʻa ʻana o ka maʻi kanesa.

Hoʻopaʻa ʻia i ka maʻi maʻi ʻaʻai

Ke hoʻokūpaʻa ʻia kahi hōʻailona o ka maʻi maʻi maʻi ʻaʻai, hana ʻia ka hana e hoʻoholo ai i ka nui o ka laha ʻana o ke kanesa. He mea koʻikoʻi kēia ʻike i ke alakaʻi ʻana i nā hoʻoholo lapaʻau. Hoʻohana mau ʻia ka ʻōnaehana staging TNM, me ka noʻonoʻo ʻana i ka nui o ka tumo (T), ke komo ʻana o ka lymph node (N), a me ka metastasis mamao (M).

Nā Koho Lapaʻau no ka maʻi maʻi ʻaʻai

Nā koho lapaʻau no ka maʻi maʻi maʻi maʻi ʻokoʻa ma muli o ke kahua, ʻano, a me ke olakino holoʻokoʻa o ka mea maʻi. Loaʻa nā ala maʻamau: ʻO ka ʻoki ʻana: ʻO ka wehe ʻana i ka puʻupaʻa (nephrectomy) kahi koho lapaʻau mua no ka maʻi maʻi maʻi kīkī kūloko. ʻO ka nephrectomy hapa, ka mea e wehe wale i ka ʻāpana maʻi maʻi o ka puʻupaʻa, hiki ke koho i kekahi mau hihia. ʻO ka lāʻau lapaʻau i hoʻopaʻa ʻia: Hoʻopili kēia mau lāʻau i nā protein kikoʻī e pili ana i ka ulu ʻana o ka maʻi maʻi, ke keʻakeʻa pono nei i ka ulu ʻana o ka maʻi maʻi. ʻO nā laʻana he sunitinib, sorafenib, a me pazopanib. Immunotherapy: Hoʻohana kēia ʻano lapaʻau i ka ʻōnaehana pale o ke kino e hakakā ai i nā maʻi maʻi maʻi. Hoʻohana mau ʻia nā mea hoʻopaʻapaʻa checkpoint, e like me nivolumab a me ipilimumab. ʻO ka lāʻau lapaʻau: Hoʻohana ka lāʻau lapaʻau i ka pāhawewe ikaika nui e pepehi i nā maʻi maʻi maʻi. Hiki ke hoʻohana pū ʻia me nā lāʻau lapaʻau ʻē aʻe. Chemotherapy: ʻOiai ʻaʻole i hoʻohana pinepine ʻia ma ke ʻano he lāʻau lapaʻau mua no ka maʻi maʻi ʻaʻai, hiki ke koho ʻia ka chemotherapy i kekahi mau kūlana.

ʻAno Lapaʻau	wehewehe	Nā pono	Nā pōʻino
ʻO ka ʻoki ʻana	ʻO ka wehe ʻana i ka ʻōpū a i ʻole ka ʻāpana maʻi kanesa.	Pono no ka ma'i 'a'ai kūloko.	Loaʻa paha nā hopena ʻaoʻao e like me ka ʻeha a me ka maʻi.
ʻO ka Lapaʻau Kūlohelohe	ʻO nā lāʻau lapaʻau e pili ana i nā protein cancer.	Hiki ke hōʻemi i nā ʻōpū, hoʻomaikaʻi i ke ola.	Hiki ke loaʻa nā hopena ʻaoʻao e like me ka luhi a me ke koko kiʻekiʻe.
Immunotherapy	Hoʻoulu i ka ʻōnaehana pale e hakakā i ka maʻi kanesa.	Hiki ke alakaʻi i ke kala lōʻihi.	Hiki ke loaʻa nā hopena ʻaoʻao e like me ka luhi a me ka ʻili ʻili.

Noho me ka ma'i ma'i 'a'ai

Noho me ka maʻi maʻi maʻi maʻi hāʻawi i nā pilikia kūʻokoʻa, ma ke kino a me ka naʻau. He mea koʻikoʻi nā hui kākoʻo, ʻōlelo aʻo, a me ka kamaʻilio maʻamau me nā mea mālama ola no ka hoʻokele pono ʻana i kēia huakaʻi. Hāʻawi ka Shandong Baofa Cancer Research Institute i nā lawelawe kākoʻo piha no nā maʻi a me ko lākou mau ʻohana. E kūkākūkā mau me kekahi kauka lapaʻau kūpono no nā pilikia olakino a i ʻole ma mua o ka hoʻoholo ʻana e pili ana i kou olakino a lapaʻau paha. Loaʻa ka ʻike mai ka National Cancer Institute a me ka American Cancer Society. (E ʻoluʻolu: E hoʻohui ʻia nā loulou kikoʻī i kēia mau kumu ma kahi mana hope.)