ka maʻi maʻi maʻi maʻi maʻi

ʻO ka maʻi maʻi maʻi maʻi maʻi Hoʻopili ʻia ka hoʻokolohua microscopic a me ka nānā ʻana o ka ʻiʻo kīkī e ʻike a hoʻokaʻawale i ka maʻi kanesa. He hana koʻikoʻi ia i ka hoʻoholo ʻana i ke ʻano, ka pae, a me ka pae o ka maʻi kanesa, e hoʻomaopopo i nā hoʻoholo lapaʻau a wānana i ka wānana. He mea nui ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i nā hiʻohiʻona pathological no nā mea maʻi a me nā limahana lapaʻau. Hāʻawi kēia alakaʻi i kahi ʻike kikoʻī o ka maʻi maʻi maʻi maʻi maʻi, me nā ʻano subtypes maʻamau, nā ʻōnaehana helu, ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana, a me ke kuleana o ka immunohistochemistry. Ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i ka maʻi maʻi maʻi maʻi Renal (RCC)ʻO ka maʻi maʻi maʻi maʻi kino (RCC) ʻO ia ke ʻano maʻamau o ka maʻi maʻi ʻaʻai maʻamau i nā pākeke, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka 90% o nā maʻi maʻi maʻi puʻupaʻa. Puka mai ia mai ke kapa o ka tubule convoluted proximal, he mau paipu liʻiliʻi ia i loko o ka puʻupaʻa e kānana i ke koko a hoʻopuka i ka mimi. ʻO ka hōʻoia pololei a me ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o RCC he mea nui ia no ke alakaʻi ʻana i nā hoʻolālā lapaʻau kūpono a me ka wānana i nā hopena o ka maʻi. Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia kēia mau ʻano subtypes ma lalo o ka hoʻokolokolo microscopic a hōʻoia hou ʻia e ka immunohistochemistry. Aia nā ʻano subtypes nui: Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma (ccRCC) Clear cell RCC ʻo ia ka subtype maʻamau, helu ʻia ma kahi o 70-80% o nā hihia RCC āpau. Hōʻike ʻia ia e nā cell me ka cytoplasm maʻemaʻe a pale paha ma muli o ke kiʻekiʻe o ka glycogen a me ka lipid content. Hoʻokumu pinepine kēia mau pūnana i nā pūnana a i ʻole nā ​​lau, a ʻoi aku ka maʻamau o ka maʻi koko. Hōʻike ʻia ia e ka hoʻolālā papillary, ʻo ia hoʻi ka ulu ʻana o nā ʻōpū tumo i nā kuhi manamana lima. ʻElua mau ʻano nui o ka pRCC: Type 1 a me Type 2. Type 1 pRCC maʻamau i ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka prognosis ma mua o Type 2. Chromophobe Renal Cell Carcinoma (chRCC) Chromophobe RCC ma kahi o 5% o nā hihia RCC. ʻO nā keena o ka chRCC he cytoplasm eosinophilic pale a me kahi halo perinuclear. 'Ohi pinepine 'ia ka nuclei. Aia ia ma lalo o 1% o nā hihia RCC. Hoʻokumu ʻia nā ʻōpū tubules a me nā papillae like ʻole, pinepine me kahi stroma desmoplastic. Hōʻike ʻia kēia ʻano ʻokoʻa e kahi carcinoma ʻokoʻa maikaʻi ʻole me kahi infiltrate inflammatory koʻikoʻi. Ka Grading of Renal Cell Carcinoma: The Fuhrman Grading System and ISUP Grading SystemGrading of RCC reflects the aggressiveness of the tumor based on the appearance of the cell under a microscope. Ua hoʻohana maʻamau ka ʻōnaehana helu Fuhrman, akā ʻoi aku ka maʻamau o ka International Society of Urological Pathology (ISUP) grading system. Noʻonoʻo ka ʻōnaehana helu ISUP i ke koʻikoʻi o ka nucleolar a me ka ʻole o ka nuklea. ʻO nā māka kiʻekiʻe e hōʻike ana i nā maʻi maʻi koʻikoʻi a pili pū me ka prognosis maikaʻi ʻole. Nā hiʻohiʻona o ka papa ISUP Papa 1 ʻAno liʻiliʻi me ka nucleoli ʻike ʻole a i ʻole. Papa 2 He nuclei nui iki me ka nucleoli ike ia. Papa 3 Nuclei nui ʻole me ka nucleoli koʻikoʻi. Papa 4 ʻAʻole i maʻamau, ka nuclei pleomorphic me nā ʻano like ʻole a i ʻole ka ʻokoʻa sarcomatoid. ʻO ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana o ka maʻi maʻi maʻi maʻi maʻi: ʻO ka TNM SystemStaging of RCC e wehewehe i ka nui o ka maʻi kanesa, me ka nui o ka maʻi maʻi mua (T), ke komo ʻana o nā ʻōpū lymph āpau (N), a me ka hele ʻana o ka metastasis mamao (M). ʻO ka ʻōnaehana staging TNM ka ʻōnaehana maʻamau i hoʻohana ʻia no ka staging RCC. He mea koʻikoʻi ka hoʻonohonoho pololei ʻana no ka hoʻoholo ʻana i nā koho prognosis a me nā koho lapaʻau. Hoʻohana ka poʻe Pathologists i nā ʻike microscopic a me nā hopena kiʻi e hoʻokaʻawale i ka pae TNM kūpono. ʻO ka Immunohistochemistry i loko o ka Renal Cell Carcinoma Pathology ʻO ka Immunohistochemistry (IHC) he mea waiwai nui i loko ka maʻi maʻi maʻi maʻi maʻi. Hoʻopili ia i ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā antibodies e ʻike i nā protein kikoʻī i nā ʻāpana kiko. Kōkua kēia ʻenehana i ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana ma waena o nā subtypes RCC, e hōʻoia ana i ka maʻi maʻi, a me ka ʻike ʻana i nā pahuhopu therapeutic hiki. ʻO nā hōʻailona IHC maʻamau i hoʻohana ʻia ma RCC penei: PAX8: He hōʻailona maʻamau i hōʻike ʻia i loko o nā maʻi maʻi maʻi maʻi renal cell, ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi o nā cell a me nā subtypes papillary. CAIX: Hōʻike pinepine ʻia i nā maʻi maʻi maʻi maʻi maʻi. CK7: Kōkua i ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana ma waena o nā ʻano subtype RCC like ʻole, maikaʻi pinepine i ka papillary a me ka chromophobe RCC. Vimentin: He maikaʻi pinepine i ka sarcomatoid RCC. CD117 (c-KIT): Hiki ke kōkua i ka ʻike ʻana i ka chromophobe RCC. Hōʻike Pathology: ʻElemu Koʻikoʻi He palapala koʻikoʻi ka hōʻike pathology e hōʻuluʻulu i nā ʻike o ka hoʻokolokolo pathological. Loaʻa iā ia nā mea koʻikoʻi penei: ʻIke maʻi a me nā kikoʻī kikoʻī. ʻO ka wehewehe nui o ka maʻi koko. ʻO ka wehewehe ʻana i ka microscopic o nā ʻōpū a me ka hoʻolālā. RCC subtype diagnostic. Papa ISUP. TNM pae. Nā hopena hoʻopaʻapaʻa immunohistochemical. ʻO ke kūlana margins (inā paha aia nā maʻi kanesa ma nā kihi o ka ʻiʻo i wehe ʻia). Nā manaʻo a me ka hōʻuluʻulu manaʻo o ka Pathologist. ʻO ke kuleana o Shandong Baofa Cancer Research Institute ma Cancer ResearchOrganizations like Shandong Baofa Cancer Research Institute he kuleana koʻikoʻi i ka holomua ʻana i ko mākou ʻike a me ka mālama ʻana i nā maʻi maʻi maʻi, me ka maʻi maʻi maʻi maʻi renal. Ma ka hana ʻana i ka noiʻi a me nā hoʻokolohua lapaʻau, hāʻawi kēia mau keʻena i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā mea hana diagnostic hou a me nā lāʻau lapaʻau, e hoʻomaikaʻi ai i nā hopena maʻi.ʻO ka maʻi maʻi maʻi maʻi maʻi He kahua paʻakikī ia e pili ana i ka nānā pono ʻana a me ka nānā ʻana i ka ʻiʻo o nā puʻupaʻa. ʻO ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i nā ʻano ʻano like ʻole, nā ʻōnaehana helu, ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana, a me ke kuleana o ka immunohistochemistry he mea nui ia no ka hōʻoia pololei, prognosis, a me ka hoʻolālā lapaʻau. ʻO ka hui pū ʻana ma waena o nā pathologists, oncologists, a me nā limahana mālama olakino ʻē aʻe he mea koʻikoʻi no ka hāʻawi ʻana i ka mālama maikaʻi loa no nā maʻi me RCC.Hōʻole: ʻO kēia ʻike no ka ʻike ākea a me ka ʻike ʻike wale nō, ʻaʻole ia he ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo olakino. He mea nui e kūkākūkā me kekahi kauka lapaʻau koʻikoʻi no nā pilikia olakino a i ʻole ma mua o ka hoʻoholo ʻana e pili ana i kou olakino a lapaʻau paha.Kuhikuhi: ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa Kahuna Kidney National