chotupa mu ubongo

Zotupa muubongo ndi zophuka zachilendo mkati mwa ubongo zomwe zimatha kusokoneza ntchito zake zanthawi zonse. Kuzindikira msanga ndi kulandira chithandizo choyenera ndikofunikira kwambiri pakuwongolera matendawa. Buku lathunthu ili limafotokoza zambiri zofunika zotupa mu ubongo, kuphatikizapo zizindikiro zawo, matenda, ndi njira zamakono zochizira zomwe zimapezeka m'mabungwe otsogola monga Shandong Baofa Cancer Research Institute.Kodi Chotupa mu Ubongo ndi Chiyani?A chotupa mu ubongo ndi kuchuluka kapena kukula kwa maselo achilendo muubongo. Zotupazi zimatha kukhala zabwinobwino (zopanda khansa) kapena zowopsa (khansa). Zotupa zowopsa zimatha kukula mwachangu ndikulowa muubongo wozungulira, pomwe zotupa zowopsa zimakula pang'onopang'ono komanso sizimafalikira. Mitundu yonse iwiri ya zotupa imatha kuyambitsa zovuta zazikulu pakuyika kukakamiza paubongo ndikusokoneza magwiridwe antchito ake. Pa Shandong Baofa Cancer Research Institute, tadzipereka kuti tipeze njira zothetsera khansa, kuphatikizapo zotupa mu ubongo.Mitundu ya Zotupa mu UbongoZotupa muubongo amawaika m’magulu potengera mtundu wa selo lomwe amachokera komanso khalidwe lawo. Mitundu ina yodziwika bwino ndi: Gliomas: Izi ndi mitundu yofala kwambiri chotupa mu ubongo ndipo amachokera ku maselo a glial, omwe amathandiza maselo a mitsempha mu ubongo. Zitsanzo ndi astrocytomas, oligodendrogliomas, ndi glioblastomas. Meningiomas: Zotupazi zimayamba kuchokera ku meninges, nembanemba zomwe zimazungulira ndikuteteza ubongo ndi msana. Nthawi zambiri amakhala abwino. Acoustic Neuromas (Schwannomas): Zotupa zimenezi zimakula pa mitsempha ya vestibulocochlear, yomwe imagwirizanitsa khutu lamkati ndi ubongo. Zotupa za Pituitary: Zotupa zimenezi zimakula mu gland ya pituitary, yomwe ili m’munsi mwa ubongo imene imayendetsa kupanga mahomoni. Metastatic zotupa muubongo: Zotupazi zimachitika pamene maselo a khansa a m'madera ena a thupi, monga mapapo, bere, kapena khungu, afalikira ku ubongo. Zizindikiro za Zotupa mu Ubongo chotupa mu ubongo zingasiyane mosiyanasiyana malinga ndi kukula kwa chotupacho, malo ake, ndi kukula kwake. Zizindikiro zodziwika bwino ndi izi: Mutu: Nthawi zambiri zoipa m`mawa ndipo mwina limodzi ndi nseru kapena kusanza. Kukomoka: Kungakhale chizindikiro choyamba cha a chotupa mu ubongo. Mavuto Owona: Kusawona bwino, kusawona kawiri, kapena kutayika kwa m'mphepete. Kuvuta Kulankhula: Kuvuta kuyankhula kapena kumvetsetsa chilankhulo. Kufooka kapena dzanzi: M'manja kapena miyendo. Mavuto Osalekeza: Kuvuta kuyenda kapena kusunga bwino. Kusintha kwa Umunthu kapena Makhalidwe: Kukwiya, kusokonezeka, kapena kukumbukira mavuto.Kuzindikira Zotupa ZaubongoKuzindikira a chotupa mu ubongo nthawi zambiri imaphatikizapo kuyezetsa kwa minyewa ndi kuyesa kujambula.Kuwunika kwa minyewaKuyeza minyewa kumawunika momwe wodwalayo akuwona, kumva, kukhazikika, kulumikizana, kusinthasintha, komanso kuzindikira kwake. Mayeso odziwika bwino amajambula ndi awa: MRI (Maginito Resonance Imaging): Amapereka zithunzi zatsatanetsatane zaubongo ndipo amathandizira kuzindikira kukula, malo, ndi mawonekedwe a chotupa mu ubongo. CT Scan (Computed Tomography): Amagwiritsa ntchito ma X-ray kupanga zithunzi za ubongo. PET Scan (Positron Emission Tomography): Zimathandizira kudziwa zochita za metabolic a chotupa mu ubongo.BiopsyA biopsy imaphatikizapo kuchotsa chitsanzo chaching'ono cha minofu ku chotupa mu ubongo kuti mufufuze pansi pa maikulosikopu. Izi zimathandiza kudziwa mtundu wa chotupacho komanso ngati chili choopsa kapena choopsa. Chithandizo cha Zotupa mu Ubongo Chithandizo cha zotupa mu ubongo zimadalira zinthu zingapo, kuphatikizapo mtundu, kukula, malo, ndi kalasi ya chotupacho, komanso thanzi lonse la wodwalayo. Njira zochizira zodziwika bwino ndi izi:OpaleshoniOpaleshoni nthawi zambiri ndiyo njira yoyamba yothandizira anthu kupezeka zotupa mu ubongo. Cholinga cha opaleshoni ndi kuchotsa chotupa chochuluka momwe zingathere popanda kuwononga minofu yaubongo yozungulira. Njira zamakono zopangira opaleshoni, monga opaleshoni yotsogoleredwa ndi zithunzi ndi opaleshoni yochepa kwambiri, zingathandize kusintha zotsatira ndi kuchepetsa mavuto. chotupa mu ubongo maselo. Itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito yokha kapena kuphatikiza ndi opaleshoni ndi chemotherapy. Mitundu ya chithandizo cha radiation imaphatikizapo chithandizo cha radiation chakunja, stereotactic radiosurgery (monga Gamma Knife), ndi brachytherapy.ChemotherapyChemotherapy imagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala kupha maselo a khansa. Atha kuperekedwa pakamwa kapena kudzera m'mitsempha. Chemotherapy nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza matenda oopsa zotupa mu ubongo, makamaka gliomas.Targeted TherapyTargeted therapy amagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala omwe amayang'ana makamaka ma cell a khansa. Mankhwalawa angathandize kuchepetsa kukula kwa zotupa mu ubongo kapena kupha maselo a khansa popanda kuvulaza maselo athanzi. Zitsanzo ndi monga bevacizumab (Avastin) ndi erlotinib (Tarceva) .ImmunotherapyImmunotherapy imagwiritsa ntchito chitetezo cha mthupi kulimbana ndi khansa. Itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza mitundu ina ya zotupa mu ubongo, monga melanoma yomwe yafalikira ku ubongo. Zitsanzo zikuphatikizapo checkpoint inhibitors monga pembrolizumab (Keytruda) ndi nivolumab (Opdivo).Clinical TrialsClinical mayesero ndi kafukufuku amene amawunika mankhwala atsopano a zotupa mu ubongo. Kutenga nawo mbali mu mayesero a zachipatala kungapereke odwala mwayi wopeza njira zatsopano zochiritsira zomwe sizinapezekebe. zotupa mu ubongo zimasiyanasiyana malinga ndi zifukwa zingapo, kuphatikizapo mtundu ndi kalasi ya chotupacho, msinkhu wa wodwalayo ndi thanzi lake lonse, ndi chithandizo chimene walandira. Mitengo yopulumuka imatha kuyambira miyezi ingapo mpaka zaka zambiri. Pano pali chitsanzo cha kuchuluka kwa kupulumuka kwa magulu osiyanasiyana a astrocytoma (mtundu wa glioma). Zindikirani kuti izi ndi ziwerengero zonse ndipo zotsatira za munthu aliyense zimatha kusiyana: Chotupa Giredi 5-Year Survival Rate (pafupifupi) Giredi I Astrocytoma (Pilocytic Astrocytoma) 80-90% Gulu II Astrocytoma (Diffuse Astrocytoma) 50-70% Grade III Astrocytoma% IV Astrocytoma4% Astrocytoma4 Astrocytoma (Glioblastoma Multiforme - GBM) 5-10% Source: Deta yochokera kuzinthu zosiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo National Cancer Institute (NCI) ndi American Cancer Society (ACS). Miyezo iyi ndi yongoyerekeza ndipo imatha kusiyanasiyana malinga ndi zomwe wodwala ali nazo. Kukhala ndi Chotupa mu UbongoKukhala ndi chotupa muubongo chotupa mu ubongo zingakhale zovuta, mwakuthupi ndi m'maganizo. Magulu othandizira, uphungu, ndi chithandizo chamankhwala angathandize odwala ndi mabanja awo kuthana ndi zovuta za zotupa mu ubongo. Kukhala ndi moyo wathanzi, kuphatikizapo kudya zakudya zopatsa thanzi, kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi nthawi zonse, ndi njira zochepetsera nkhawa, kungathandizenso kukhala ndi moyo wabwino.Zotupa muubongo ndi zovuta zomwe zimafuna chisamaliro chapadera. Kuzindikira koyambirira, kuzindikira kolondola, ndi chithandizo choyenera ndikofunikira kuti zotsatira zake ziwonjezeke. Ngati inu kapena wokondedwa wanu wapezeka ndi a chotupa mu ubongo, ndikofunikira kufunafuna chisamaliro kuchokera ku gulu la akatswiri osiyanasiyana omwe angapereke malingaliro amunthu payekha. Dziwani zambiri za kafukufuku wathu wa khansa ndi njira zochizira pa Shandong Baofa Cancer Research Institute.