Njira zochizira khansa ya m'mapapo ndi siteji

Njira zochizira khansa ya m'mapapo mwa njira zochizira khansa ya StageLung zimasiyana kwambiri kutengera gawo la khansayo. Nkhaniyi ikupereka chithunzithunzi chokwanira cha njira zosiyanasiyana zothandizira pa gawo lililonse, kutsindika kufunikira kwa chisamaliro chaumwini ndi kupita patsogolo kwaposachedwa mu Njira zochizira khansa ya m'mapapo ndi siteji. Tifufuza njira zopangira maopaleshoni, chemotherapy, chithandizo cha radiation, chithandizo chomwe mukufuna, komanso immunotherapy, ndikuwunikira maudindo awo pamagawo osiyanasiyana a matendawa. Kumvetsetsa matenda anu enieni ndikofunikira kuti mupange zisankho mwanzeru limodzi ndi gulu lanu lazaumoyo.

Kumvetsetsa Magawo a Khansa Yam'mapapo

Khansara ya m'mapapo imayendetsedwa pogwiritsa ntchito dongosolo lomwe limaganizira kukula ndi malo a chotupacho, kupezeka kwa ma lymph node, komanso ngati khansayo yafalikira (kufalikira) ku ziwalo zakutali. Njira yodziwika bwino kwambiri ndi TNM system, yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito zilembo kuyimira kukula kwa chotupa (T), kukhudzidwa kwa lymph node (N), ndi metastasis (M). Zinthu izi zimaphatikizidwa kuti zizindikire gawo lonse (Stage I-IV), zomwe zimakhudza kwambiri Njira zochizira khansa ya m'mapapo ndi siteji. Magawo oyambilira nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi malingaliro abwinoko komanso njira zambiri zochiritsira zomwe zilipo.

Gawo I la khansa ya m'mapapo

Gawo I Njira zochizira khansa ya m'mapapo ndi siteji Nthawi zambiri amachitidwa opaleshoni kuchotsa chotupacho ndi minofu yozungulira mapapo. Njira yeniyeni ya opaleshoni imadalira malo ndi kukula kwa chotupacho. Zosankha zikuphatikizapo lobectomy (kuchotsa lobe ya m'mapapo), kuchotsa kachigawo kakang'ono ka mapapo, kapena segmentectomy (kuchotsa gawo la mapapu). Nthawi zina, njira zochepetsera pang'ono monga opaleshoni ya thoracoscopic yothandizira mavidiyo (VATS) ingagwiritsidwe ntchito. Pambuyo pa opaleshoni, adjuvant chemotherapy kapena radiation therapy angaganizidwe kuti amachepetsa chiopsezo chobwereza.

Gawo II Khansa ya m'mapapo

Chithandizo cha Gawo II Njira zochizira khansa ya m'mapapo ndi siteji Nthawi zambiri amaphatikiza opaleshoni ndi adjuvant chemotherapy kapena radiation therapy. Kukula kwa opaleshoni kumafanana ndi Gawo I, koma kuwonjezera kwa chithandizo cha adjuvant kumafuna kupititsa patsogolo zotsatira zake poyang'ana ma cell a khansa omwe atsala. Kusankha pakati pa mankhwala amphamvu ndi ma radiation kumatengera zinthu zingapo, kuphatikizapo thanzi la wodwalayo komanso mawonekedwe ake enieni a chotupacho. Shandong Baofa Cancer Research Institute imapereka njira zambiri zothandizira maopaleshoni ndi adjuvant.

Gawo III Khansa yam'mapapo

Gawo III Njira zochizira khansa ya m'mapapo ndi siteji ndizovuta kwambiri ndipo nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi mankhwala osiyanasiyana. Izi zingaphatikizepo opaleshoni (ngati n'kotheka), chemotherapy, ndi ma radiation (nthawi zambiri amaperekedwa nthawi imodzi). Thandizo lachindunji kapena immunotherapy lingaganizidwenso kutengera chibadwa cha chotupacho. Cholinga chake ndikuchepetsa chotupacho momwe ndingathere ndikuwonjezera kupulumuka. Njira zamakono, monga stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) ndi immunotherapy, zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu Gawo III.

Gawo IV Khansa yam'mapapo

Gawo IV Njira zochizira khansa ya m'mapapo ndi siteji imatengedwa ngati metastatic, kutanthauza kuti khansa yafalikira ku ziwalo zakutali. Cholingacho chimachoka ku chithandizo chamankhwala kupita ku chisamaliro chochepetsera, chomwe cholinga chake ndi kupititsa patsogolo moyo wabwino komanso kukulitsa moyo. Njira zochizira zimaphatikizapo chemotherapy, chithandizo chomwe mukufuna (ngati kusintha kwa majini kulipo), komanso immunotherapy. Mayesero azachipatala angakhalenso mwayi wofufuza njira zatsopano zochiritsira. Thandizo lothandizira, kuphatikizapo kuchepetsa ululu ndi kuchepetsa zizindikiro, ndizofunikira kwambiri panthawiyi.

Kusankha Chithandizo Choyenera

Kusankha mankhwala kwa Njira zochizira khansa ya m'mapapo ndi siteji ndi chisankho chamunthu payekha, chopangidwa molumikizana kwambiri ndi oncologist. Pali zinthu zingapo zomwe zimaganiziridwa, kuphatikizapo siteji ya khansa, thanzi lonse la wodwalayo, ndi makhalidwe enieni a chotupacho. Kuyezetsa ma genetic kutha kuchitidwa kuti adziwe zomwe zingachitike pazithandizo zomwe mukufuna. Kupanga zisankho kumaphatikizaponso kukambirana za ubwino ndi zoopsa zomwe zingatheke pa njira iliyonse yamankhwala ndikuziyesa molingana ndi zomwe wodwalayo amakonda komanso zolinga zake.

Thandizo Loyamba

Gawo la chithandizo cha khansa ya m'mapapo likusintha nthawi zonse. Pali kupita patsogolo kopitilira muyeso muzamankhwala omwe akuwaganizira, ma immunotherapies, ndi njira zina zatsopano. Kudziwa za kafukufuku waposachedwa komanso kukambirana njira zamankhwala zomwe zikubwera ndi gulu lanu lazaumoyo ndikofunikira.

Chodzikanira: Izi ndi zongophunzitsa zokha ndipo siziyenera kutengedwa ngati upangiri wachipatala. Nthawi zonse funsani ndi dokotala wodziwa bwino zachipatala kuti mudziwe ndi kuchiza matenda aliwonse.

Malo: (Onjezani magwero oyenerera opezera chidziwitso, malangizo amankhwala, ndi zina zotero. Mwachitsanzo, National Cancer Institute, American Cancer Society ndi zina zotero. Tchulani masamba enieni ngati kuli kotheka.)