Kuchiza mankhwala osakhala ang'onoang'ono a khansa ya m'mapapo

Njira Zochizira Khansa Yam'mapapo Yosakhala Yaing'ono Yang'ono (NSCLC)Kumvetsetsa Khansa Yam'mapapo Yosakhala Yaing'ono Ndi Machiritso OpezekaNkhaniyi ili ndi chidziwitso chokwanira chamankhwala omwe si aang'ono a khansa ya m'mapapo (NSCLC). Timasanthula njira zosiyanasiyana zochizira, kuphatikiza opaleshoni, chemotherapy, chithandizo cha radiation, chithandizo chomwe mukufuna, ndi immunotherapy, ndikufotokozera momwe angagwiritsire ntchito bwino komanso zotsatira zake zoyipa. Tikufuna kupatsa mphamvu anthu omwe akukumana ndi matendawa ndi chidziwitso kuti athe kukambirana bwino ndi azachipatala awo. Kumbukirani, izi siziyenera kulowa m'malo mwa upangiri wachipatala. Nthawi zonse funsani ndi oncologist wanu kapena akatswiri ena azaumoyo kuti akutsogolereni makonda anu.

Kumvetsetsa Khansa Yam'mapapo Yosakhala Yaing'ono (NSCLC)

Khansara ya m'mapapo yosakhala yaying'ono (Mtengo wa NSCLC) amawerengera pafupifupi 85% ya odwala khansa ya m'mapapo. Ndi matenda osasinthika, kutanthauza kuti amawonekera mosiyanasiyana mwa anthu osiyanasiyana, omwe amakhudza momwe amachiritsira komanso njira zamankhwala. Kuzindikira msanga kumathandizira kwambiri kupulumuka, kuwonetsa kufunikira kwa kuyezetsa pafupipafupi komanso kulandira chithandizo chamankhwala ngati zizindikiro zikuwonekera. Mtundu ndi siteji ya Mtengo wa NSCLC zimakhudza kwambiri dongosolo la chithandizo.

Kusintha kwa mtengo wa NSCLC

Chiwonetsero cha Mtengo wa NSCLC, makamaka pogwiritsa ntchito TNM system (Chotupa, Node, Metastasis), ndizofunikira kwambiri pozindikira njira yochizira. Dongosololi limayesa kukula kwa chotupacho ndi malo ake, momwe ma lymph node alili, komanso kupezeka kwa ma metastases akutali. Magawo amayambira pa I (localized) mpaka IV (metastatic), ndipo gawo lililonse likuwonetsa momwe zimakhalira komanso njira yamankhwala. Masitepe olondola amafunikira kuyesa kophatikizana koyerekeza monga CT scans, PET scans, ndi ma biopsy.

Njira Zochiritsira za NSCLC

Zosankha zamankhwala Mtengo wa NSCLC zimadalira kwambiri siteji ya khansa, thanzi lonse la wodwalayo, ndi zomwe amakonda. Nthawi zambiri zimaphatikizana ndi njira zochiritsira zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale zogwira mtima komanso zopatsa thanzi.

Opaleshoni

Kuchotsa chotupacho opaleshoni ndi njira yoyamba yochizira matenda adakali aang'ono Mtengo wa NSCLC. Mtundu wa opaleshoniyo umadalira malo ndi kukula kwa chotupacho, chomwe chingaphatikizepo lobectomy (kuchotsa lobe ya m'mapapo), pneumonectomy (kuchotsa mapapu onse), kapena segmentectomy (kuchotsa kachigawo kakang'ono ka mapapo). Njira zopangira opaleshoni zocheperako monga opareshoni ya thoracoscopic (VATS) yothandizidwa ndi kanema (VATS) ikuchulukirachulukira, ikupereka madontho ang'onoang'ono komanso nthawi yochira mwachangu.

Chemotherapy

Chemotherapy imaphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala kuti aphe maselo a khansa. Nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito limodzi ndi mankhwala ena, monga opaleshoni kapena ma radiation therapy, kapena ngati chithandizo choyambirira chamankhwala apamwamba. Mtengo wa NSCLC. Mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi chemotherapy Mtengo wa NSCLC zikuphatikizapo cisplatin, carboplatin, paclitaxel, ndi docetaxel. Zotsatira zake zimakhala zazikulu komanso zimasiyana malinga ndi mankhwala enieni komanso mlingo wake.

Chithandizo cha radiation

Chithandizo cha radiation chimagwiritsa ntchito cheza champhamvu kwambiri kupha maselo a khansa. Itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuchepetsa zotupa musanachite opaleshoni, kuwononga maselo otsala a khansa pambuyo pa opaleshoni, kapena kuchiza matenda apamwamba Mtengo wa NSCLC amene sangathe kuchotsedwa opaleshoni. Thandizo la ma radiation akunja ndi mtundu wodziwika kwambiri, wotulutsa ma radiation kuchokera pamakina kunja kwa thupi. Zotsatira zake zingaphatikizepo kutopa, kuyabwa pakhungu, ndi nseru.

Chithandizo Chachindunji

Njira zochiritsira zomwe zimayang'aniridwa zimayang'ana kwambiri mamolekyu ena omwe amakhudzidwa ndi kukula kwa maselo a khansa komanso kupulumuka. Iwo makamaka zothandiza Mtengo wa NSCLC odwala omwe ali ndi masinthidwe enieni a chibadwa, monga EGFR, ALK, ROS1, ndi masinthidwe a BRAF. Njira zochiritsirazi zasonyeza kuti zikuyenda bwino kwambiri pokulitsa nthawi ya moyo kwa odwala omwe ali ndi masinthidwe enieniwa. Zitsanzo za njira zochiritsira zomwe zimayang'aniridwa ndi monga erlotinib, gefitinib, crizotinib, ndi afatinib.

Immunotherapy

Immunotherapy imagwiritsa ntchito chitetezo chamthupi kulimbana ndi ma cell a khansa. Ndiwothandiza makamaka pochiza Mtengo wa NSCLC ndi mawu apamwamba a PD-L1. Mankhwala a immunotherapy, monga pembrolizumab, nivolumab, ndi atezolizumab, amaletsa chitetezo chamthupi, kulola chitetezo chamthupi kuukira bwino maselo a khansa. Zotsatira zake zimatha kusiyana koma zingaphatikizepo kutopa, zotupa pakhungu, ndi zochitika zoyipa zokhudzana ndi chitetezo chamthupi.

Kusankha Njira Yoyenera ya Chithandizo

Kusankhidwa kwa Chithandizo cha NSCLC ndi ndondomeko kwambiri payekha. Njira yabwino kwambiri imatengera zinthu zosiyanasiyana, kuphatikiza mtundu ndi gawo la khansa, thanzi la wodwalayo, komanso zomwe amakonda. Kugwirizana kwapakati pakati pa wodwala ndi gulu lawo lazaumoyo ndikofunikira kuti mudziwe njira yabwino yochitira. Kukambitsirana kokwanira ndi akatswiri a oncologists ndi akatswiri ena, kuphatikiza maopaleshoni, ma radiation oncologists, ndi a oncologists azachipatala, ndikofunikira kuti apange dongosolo lokonzekera chithandizo. Izi zikuyenera kuphatikiza osati mankhwala okha komanso dongosolo lothana ndi zovuta zilizonse.

Mtundu wa Chithandizo	Kuchita bwino	Zotsatira zake
Opaleshoni	Zabwino kwambiri kwa oyamba kumene	Ululu, matenda, kupuma kovuta
Chemotherapy	Zimasiyanasiyana malinga ndi siteji ndi mankhwala	Mseru, kusanza, tsitsi, kutopa
Chithandizo cha radiation	Zothandiza pa matenda am'deralo	Kutopa, kuyabwa pakhungu, nseru
Chithandizo Chachindunji	Zothandiza kwambiri pazosintha zinazake	Zotupa pakhungu, kutsegula m'mimba, kutopa
Immunotherapy	Zothandiza pamitundu ndi magawo ena	Kutopa, zotupa pakhungu, zochitika zoyipa zokhudzana ndi chitetezo chamthupi

Kuti mudziwe zambiri za chithandizo cha khansa ndi chithandizo, chonde pitani ku Shandong Baofa Cancer Research Institute webusayiti. Amapereka njira zochiritsira zapamwamba komanso chithandizo chokwanira kwa anthu omwe akulimbana ndi khansa.

Chodzikanira: Izi ndi zongophunzitsa zokha ndipo siziyenera kutengedwa ngati upangiri wachipatala. Nthawi zonse funsani ndi dokotala wodziwa bwino zachipatala kuti mudziwe ndi kuchiza matenda aliwonse.

Zolozera: (Nkhani za m'magazini azachipatala ndi mabungwe odziwika bwino a khansa aphatikizidwa pano, kuwalumikiza ndi rel=nofollow kuti apewe kusokoneza masanjidwe akusaka. Zitsanzo zingaphatikizepo mawebusayiti a National Cancer Institute (NCI) ndi American Cancer Society (ACS).