phekolo ea kankere ea matšoafo ea metastatic

Phekolo ea kankere ea matšoafo ea metastatic e tsepamisitse maikutlo ho lelefatsa bophelo le ho ntlafatsa boleng ba bophelo ha mofetše o nametse ka nqane ho matšoafo. Likhetho tsa kalafo li fapana ho latela mofuta oa mofetše, sethala, liphetoho le bophelo bo botle ka kakaretso. Mekhoa e tloaelehileng e kenyelletsa chemotherapy, kalafo e lebisitsoeng, immunotherapy, kalafo ea radiation le opereishene. Tataiso ena e hlahloba likhetho tsena ka botlalo, e fana ka leseli mabapi le mekhoa ea tsona, melemo, le litla-morao tse ka bang teng.Kutloisiso ea Kankere ea Metastatic ea MatšoafoKe Kankere ea Metastatic ea Matšoafo ke Eng?Kankere ea matšoafo ea metastatic, eo hape e tsejoang e le mofetše oa matšoafo oa sethala sa IV, e etsahala ha lisele tsa mofetše tse tsoang lesapong la pele la matšoafo li hasana likarolong tse hole tsa 'mele. Libaka tse tloaelehileng tsa metastasis li kenyelletsa boko, masapo, sebete le litšoelesa tsa adrenal.Mefuta ea Kankere ea MatšoafoMefuta e 'meli e meholo ea mofetše oa matšoafo ke: Kankere e Seng e Nyenyane ea Letšoafo la Lisele (NSCLC): Mofuta o tloaelehileng haholo, ho kenyelletsa adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, le cell carcinoma e kholo. Kankere e Nyane ea Matšoafo ea Sele (SCLC): Mofuta o ntseng o hōla ka potlako oa kankere ea matšoafo o amanang haholo le ho tsuba.Diagnosis and StagingDiagnosis hangata e akarelletsa liteko tsa litšoantšo (CT scans, PET scans, MRI), biopsies, le molecular test. Melato e thusa ho tseba hore na mofets'e ke bokae le ho tataisa liqeto tsa kalafo.Dikgetho tsa Phekolo bakeng sa Mofetshe wa Metastatic MatshwafoSepheo sa phekolo ea kankere ea matšoafo ea metastatic ke ho laola khōlo ea mofetše, ho laola matšoao, le ho ntlafatsa boleng ba bophelo. Hangata merero ea phekolo e etsoa ke motho ka mong ho latela boemo bo itseng ba motho.ChemotherapyChemotherapy e sebelisa lithethefatsi ho bolaea lisele tsa mofetše' meleng oohle. Hangata e sebelisoa e le mokhoa oa pele oa phekolo kankere ea matšoafo ea metastatic. Lithethefatsi tse tloaelehileng tsa chemotherapy li kenyelletsa: Lithethefatsi tse thehiloeng ho Platinum (cisplatin, carboplatin) Taxanes (paclitaxel, docetaxel) Pemetrexed GemcitabineChemotherapy e ka ba le litla-morao tse kang ho nyekeloa ke pelo, mokhathala, ho lahleheloa ke moriri, le kotsi e eketsehileng ea tšoaetso.Targeted TherapyLithethefatsi tsa phekolo tse lebisitsoeng li lebisa limolek'hule tse itseng kapa litsela tse amehang khōlong ea kankere le ho ata. Tlhahlobo ea limolek'hule ke ea bohlokoa ho tseba hore na mokuli o tšoaneleha bakeng sa phekolo e lebisitsoeng. Lipheo tse ling tse tloaelehileng le lithethefatsi tse tsamaisanang le tsona li kenyelletsa: EGFR (Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor): Gefitinib, erlotinib, afatinib, osimertinib. Lithethefatsi tsena li sebetsa ka ho khetheha ho bakuli ba NSCLC ba nang le liphetoho tsa EGFR. ALK (Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase): Crizotinib, alectinib, ceritinib, brigatinib, lorlatinib. E sebelisoa ho bakuli ba NSCLC ba nang le ALK rearrangements. BRAF: Dabrafenib, trametinib. E sebelisoa ho bakuli ba NSCLC ba nang le liphetoho tsa BRAF V600E. ROS1: Crizotinib, entrectinib. E sebelisoa ho bakuli ba NSCLC ba nang le li-fusion tsa ROS1. NTRK: Larotrectinib, entrectinib. E sebelisoa ho bakuli ba NSCLC ba nang le li-fusion tsa NTRK. MET: Capmatinib, tepotinib. E sebelisoa ho bakuli ba NSCLC ba nang le MET exon 14 ho tlola liphetoho tsa phetoho. RET: Selpercatinib, pralsetinib. E sebelisoa ho bakuli ba NSCLC ba nang le RET fusions.Liphekolo tse lebisitsoeng hangata li na le litla-morao tse fokolang ho feta chemotherapy, empa li sebetsa feela haeba kankere e na le sepheo se itseng.ImmunotherapyImmunotherapy lithethefatsi li thusa sesole sa' mele ho lemoha le ho hlasela lisele tsa kankere. Li-immune checkpoint inhibitors ke mofuta o tloaelehileng oa immunotherapy o sebelisoang ho phekolo ea kankere ea matšoafo ea metastatic. Mehlala e kenyelletsa: Pembrolizumab (Keytruda) Nivolumab (Opdivo) Atezolizumab (Tecentriq) Durvalumab (Imfinzi) Ipilimumab (Yervoy) Lithethefatsi tsena li thibela liprotheine tse thibelang sesole sa 'mele ho hlasela lisele tsa mofetše, ho lumella sesole sa' mele ho phahamisa karabelo e matla. Litla-morao li ka kenyelletsa mokhathala, lekhopho, lets'ollo, le ho ruruha ha litho tse fapaneng.Theradiation TherapyRadiation therapy e sebelisa mahlaseli a matla a matla ho bolaea lisele tsa mofetše. E ka sebelisoa ho fokotsa lihlahala, ho kokobetsa bohloko, kapa ho phekola metastase libakeng tse itseng tse kang boko kapa masapo. Mefuta ea phekolo ea mahlaseli e kenyelletsa: External beam radiation therapy (SBRT) Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS)Litla-morao li itšetlehile ka sebaka le tekanyo ea mahlaseli.Ho buoa ka kakaretso ha se phekolo ea mantlha bakeng sa kankere ea matšoafo ea metastatic, empa e ka ’na ea nahanoa maemong a itseng, a kang ho tlosa metastasis e le mong kapa ho kokobetsa matšoao. Ka mohlala, the Setsi sa Lipatlisiso sa Kankere sa Shandong Baofa ka linako tse ling e sebelisa mekhoa e fokolang ea ho buoa ho sebetsana le libaka tse itseng tsa metastatic. Liteko tsa ClinicalClinical Liteko ke lithuto tsa lipatlisiso tse hlahlobang liphekolo tse ncha kapa motsoako oa liphekolo. Bakuli ba nang le kankere ea matšoafo ea metastatic a ka nahana ho kenya letsoho litekong tsa kliniki ho fihlella liphekolo tsa maemo a holimo.Ho Laola Matšoao le Litla-moraoHo laola matšoao le litla-morao ke karolo ea bohlokoa ea phekolo ea kankere ea matšoafo ea metastatic. Sena se ka kenyelletsa: Taolo ea bohloko Tšehetso ea phepo e nepahetseng Taolo ea ho nyekeloa ke pelo le ho hlatsa Tšehetso ea ho hemaPrognosis le Survival Rates kankere ea matšoafo ea metastatic e fapana ho itšetlehile ka lintlha tse ’maloa, tse akarelletsang mofuta oa kankere ea matšoafo, hore na e nama hakae, bophelo bo botle ba mokuli ka kakaretso le tsela eo a arabelang ka eona phekolong. Khatelo-pele ea morao-rao ea phekolo e lebisitsoeng le immunotherapy e ntlafalitse litekanyetso tsa ho phela ho bakuli ba bang. Ho ea ka Mokhatlo oa Amerika oa Kankere, tekanyo ea lilemo tse 5 ea ho phela ha kankere ea matšoafo ea metastatic ke hoo e ka bang 7% (bakeng sa mekhahlelo eohle ea kankere ea matšoafo e kopantsoe, tekanyo ke 25%). [1] Sena se totobatsa bohlokoa ba lipatlisiso tse tsoelang pele le nts'etsopele ea liphekolo tse ncha.Mona ke papiso e nolofalitsoeng ea mekhoa ea phekolo, morero oa bona, le litla-morao tse ka bang teng: Phekolo Sepheo se ka 'nang sa Etsoa Litla-morao Chemotherapy Bolaea lisele tsa mofetše ho pholletsa le' mele Ho nyekeloa ke pelo, mokhathala, ho lahleheloa ke moriri, tšoaetso Thibela limolek'hule tse itseng tse amehang kholong ea mofetše Ho itšetlehile ka lithethefatsi; e ka kenyelletsa lekhopho la letlalo, letšollo, mathata a sebete immunotherapy Thusa sesole sa 'mele ho hlasela lisele tsa mofetše Mokhathala, lekhopho, lets'ollo, ho ruruha ha litho Phekolo ea Mahlaseli Bolaea lisele tsa mofetše sebakeng se itseng Mokhathala, liphetoho tsa letlalo, tšenyo ea setho haufi le sebaka sa kalafo Ho buuoa Ho tlosa metastase kapa ho imolla matšoao Bohloko, tšoaetso, ho tsoa mali Qetello.Phekolo ea kankere ea matšoafo ea metastatic ke sebaka se rarahaneng le se ntseng se tsoela pele. Tsoelo-pele ea phekolo e lebisitsoeng le immunotherapy e ntlafalitse haholo liphello ho bakuli ba bang. Ho bohlokoa hore bakuli ba sebelisane 'moho le sehlopha sa bona sa tlhokomelo ea bophelo ho theha moralo oa kalafo o sebetsanang le litlhoko le lipheo tsa bona. Kamehla buisana le setsebi sa bongaka se tšoanelehang bakeng sa tlhahlobo le kalafo ea boemo bofe kapa bofe ba bongaka.Litšupiso[1] American Cancer Society. (n.d.). Litefiso tsa ho Pholoha Kankere ea Matšoafo. E ntšitsoe ho https://www.cancer.org/cancer/lung-cancer/detection-diagnosis-staging/survival-rates.html