Pathology ea renal cell carcinoma

Renal cell carcinoma pathology e akaretsa tlhahlobo ea microscopic le tlhahlobo ea lisele tsa liphio ho hlahloba le ho arola mofetše oa liphio. Ke mohato oa bohlokoa ho tseba hore na mofets'e ke oa mofuta ofe, kereiti efe le boemo bofe, bo tsebisang liqeto tsa kalafo le ho bolela esale pele hore na kankere ke efe. Ho utloisisa likarolo tsa pathological ho bohlokoa ho bakuli le litsebi tsa bongaka. Tataiso ena e fana ka kakaretso e felletseng ea Pathology ea renal cell carcinoma, ho kenyeletsoa li-subtypes tse tloaelehileng, litsamaiso tsa maemo, sethala, le karolo ea immunohistochemistry.Understanding Renal Cell Carcinoma (RCC)Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) ke mofuta o atileng haholo oa mofetše oa liphio ho batho ba baholo, o nkang hoo e ka bang 90% ea mafu a liphio. E hlaha ho tloha lera la proximal convoluted tubule, e leng li-tubes tse nyenyane ka har'a liphio tse hloekisang mali le ho hlahisa moroto. Tlhahlobo e nepahetseng le ho aroloa ha RCC ke tsa bohlokoa bakeng sa ho tataisa mekhoa e sebetsang ea phekolo le ho bolela esale pele liphello tsa mokuli.Li-Subtypes tse Tloaelehileng tsa Renal Cell CarcinomaHo na le mefuta e mengata ea RCC e teng, e 'ngoe le e' ngoe e na le likarolo tse fapaneng tsa mafu, liphatsa tsa lefutso, le boitšoaro ba kliniki. Li-subtypes tsena li ka khetholloa tlas'a tlhahlobo ea microscopic 'me li tiisoa hape ke immunohistochemistry. Mefuta e ka sehloohong e kenyelletsang: Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma (ccRCC) Clear cell RCC ke mofuta o atileng ka ho fetisisa, o nkang hoo e ka bang 70-80% ea linyeoe tsohle tsa RCC. E khetholloa ke lisele tse nang le cytoplasm e hlakileng kapa e lerootho ka lebaka la glycogen e ngata le lipid content. Hangata lisele tsena li etsa lihlaha kapa lilakane, 'me hlahala e atisa ho ba le methapo e mengata.Papillary Renal Cell Carcinoma (pRCC)Papillary RCC ke mofuta oa bobeli o tloaelehileng ka ho fetisisa, o etsang hoo e ka bang 10-15% ea linyeoe tsa RCC. E tšoauoa ka boqapi ba papillary, ho bolelang hore lisele tsa hlahala li hola ka likhakanyo tse kang menoana. Ho na le mefuta e 'meli e meholo ea pRCC: Mofuta oa 1 le Mofuta oa 2. Mofuta oa 1 pRCC hangata o na le prognosis e molemo ho feta Mofuta oa 2.Chromophobe Renal Cell Carcinoma (chRCC)Chromophobe RCC e emela hoo e ka bang 5% ea linyeoe tsa RCC. Lisele tsa chRCC li na le cytoplasm e lefifi ea eosinophilic le halo e ikhethang ea perinuclear. Hangata li-nuclei li sosobane kapa li sa tloaeleha.Collecting Duct Renal Cell Carcinoma (CDRCC)Collecting duct RCC is a rare and aggressive subtype e hlahang ho tloha ho bokella masela a liphio. E ikarabella ka tlase ho 1% ea linyeoe tsa RCC. Lisele tsa hlahala li etsa li-tubules tse sa tloaelehang le li-papillae, hangata li na le stroma ea desmoplastic.Medullary Renal Cell CarcinomaMedullary renal cell carcinoma ke mofuta o mong o sa tloaelehang le o mabifi, haholo-holo o amang bakuli ba bacha ba nang le tšobotsi ea "sickle cell" kapa "sickle cell disease". Phapang ena e khetholloa ka carcinoma e sa khetholleng hantle e nang le ho ruruha ho hlahelletseng ka ho kenella.Kereiti ea Renal Cell Carcinoma: The Fuhrman Grading System le ISUP Grading SystemGrading ea RCC e bonahatsa bohale ba hlahala e thehiloeng ponahalong ea lisele tlas'a microscope. Sistimi ea maemo ea Fuhrman e ne e sebelisoa ka moetlo, empa sistimi ea maemo ea Mokhatlo oa Machaba oa Urological Pathology (ISUP) e se e amohetsoe hangata. Sistimi ea maemo ea ISUP e nka bophahamo ba nucleolar le ho se tloaelehe ha nyutlelie. Likarolo tse phahameng li bontša lihlahala tse matla haholoanyane 'me li amahanngoa le ho fokola ha mafu. Litšobotsi tsa Sehlopha sa ISUP Sehlopha sa 1 Li-nuclei tse nyane, tse ts'oanang tse nang le li-nucleoli tse sa bonahaleng kapa tse sieo. Kereiti ea 2 Li-nuclei tse kholoanyane tse nang le nucleoli tse bonahalang. Sehlopha sa 3 Li-nuclei tse kholo, tse sa tloaelehang tse nang le li-nucleoli tse hlaheletseng. Kereiti ea 4 Li-nuclei tse sa tloaelehang haholo, tsa pleomorphic tse nang le libopeho tse makatsang kapa phapang ea sarcoma. Staging of Renal Cell Carcinoma: The TNM SystemStaging ea RCC e hlalosa boholo ba mofetše, ho kenyeletsoa boholo ba hlahala ea mantlha (T), ho ameha ha lymph nodes sebakeng (N), le boteng ba metastasis e hole (M). Sistimi ea sethala ea TNM ke sistimi e sebelisoang haholo ho etsa RCC. Mekhahlelo e nepahetseng ke ea bohlokoa bakeng sa ho tseba hore na boemo bo tla ba joang le mekhoa ea phekolo. Litekanyetso tse khethehileng tsa lihlopha tsa T, N, le M li rarahane ebile li na le lintlha tse ngata, tse kenyelletsang boholo ba hlahala, tlhaselo ea likarolo tse potolohileng, le boteng ba metastasis ho lymph nodes kapa litho tse hōle. Litsebi tsa mafu li sebelisa liphuputso tsa microscopic le liphetho tsa litšoantšo ho abela sethala se nepahetseng sa TNM.Immunohistochemistry in Renal Cell Carcinoma PathologyImmunohistochemistry (IHC) ke sesebelisoa sa bohlokoa ho Pathology ea renal cell carcinoma. E kenyelletsa ho sebelisa li-antibodies ho bona liprotheine tse itseng lisampong tsa linama. Mokhoa ona o thusa ho khetholla lipakeng tsa li-subtypes tsa RCC, ho netefatsa tlhahlobo, le ho tseba lipheo tse ka bang teng tsa kalafo. Matšoao a tloaelehileng a IHC a sebelisoang ho RCC a kenyelletsa: PAX8: Letšoao le atisang ho hlahisoa ho renal cell carcinomas, haholo-holo lisele tse hlakileng le li-papillary subtypes. CAIX: Hangata e hlahisoa ka har'a cell cell carcinomas e hlakileng. CK7: E thusa ho khetholla pakeng tsa mefuta e sa tšoaneng ea RCC, hangata e ntle ho papillary le chromophobe RCC. Vimentin: Hangata e ntle ho sarcomatoid RCC. CD117 (c-KIT): E ka thusa ho hlahloba chromophobe RCC.Pathology Report: Key ElementsTlaleho ea mafu ke tokomane ea bohlokoa e akaretsang liphuputso tsa tlhahlobo ea mafu. E kenyelletsa lintlha tse latelang tsa bohlokoa: Lintlha tsa mokuli le lintlha tsa mohlala. Tlhaloso e tebileng ea hlahala. Tlhaloso ea microscopic ea lisele tsa tumor le meralo. Tlhahlobo e nyane ea RCC. Sehlopha sa ISUP. Mokhahlelo oa TNM. Liphetho tsa immunohistochemical staining. Boemo ba margins (hore na lisele tsa mofetše li teng mathōkong a lesela le tlositsoeng). Maikutlo le kakaretso ea Pathologist.Seabo sa Shandong Baofa Cancer Research Institute in Cancer Research Organisations like. Setsi sa Lipatlisiso sa Kankere sa Shandong Baofa bapala karolo ea bohlokoa ho ntlafatse kutloisiso ea rona le kalafo ea mofetše, ho kenyeletsoa Renal cell carcinoma. Ka ho etsa lipatlisiso le liteko tsa meriana, mekhatlo ena e kenya letsoho ho nts'etsopele ea lisebelisoa tse ncha tsa ho hlahloba le mekhoa ea phekolo, qetellong e ntlafatsa liphello tsa mokuli.QetelloRenal cell carcinoma pathology ke sebaka se rarahaneng se kenyelletsang tlhahlobo e hlokolosi le tlhahlobo ea lisele tsa liphio. Ho utloisisa li-subtypes tse fapaneng, litsamaiso tsa maemo, sethala, le karolo ea immunohistochemistry ho bohlokoa bakeng sa tlhahlobo e nepahetseng, prognosis le moralo oa kalafo. Tšebelisano lipakeng tsa lingaka tsa mafu, li-oncologists, le litsebi tse ling tsa tlhokomelo ea bophelo e bohlokoa bakeng sa ho fana ka tlhokomelo e molemohali ho bakuli ba nang le RCC.Boitlhaloso: Lintlha tsena ke tsa tsebo e akaretsang le merero ea tlhahisoleseding feela, 'me ha e kopanele keletso ea bongaka. Ho bohlokoa ho buisana le setsebi se tšoanelehang sa tlhokomelo ea bophelo bakeng sa mathata leha e le afe a bophelo bo botle kapa pele u etsa liqeto tse amanang le bophelo bo botle kapa phekolo ea hau.Litšupiso: Mokhatlo oa Amerika oa Kankere Motheo oa Sechaba oa Liphio