kalafo ea renal cell carcinoma

Kalafo ea renal cell carcinoma (RCC) e kenyelletsa mekhoa e fapaneng, ho kenyelletsa opereishene, kalafo e lebisitsoeng, immunotherapy, le kalafo ea radiation. Khetho ea phekolo ho itšetlehile ka lintlha tse kang boemo ba kankere, bophelo bo botle ba mokuli ka kakaretso, le khetho ea motho ka mong. Ho lemoha kapele le ho kenella ka nako ho bohlokoa bakeng sa ho ntlafatsa sephetho. Utloisisa Renal Cell CarcinomaRenal cell carcinoma (RCC) ke mofuta o atileng haholo oa mofetše oa liphio ho batho ba baholo. E tsoa lera la proximal convoluted tubule, karolo ea liphio e hloekisang mali le ho tlosa litšila. Le hoja sesosa se tobileng sa RCC se sa hlake kamehla, mabaka a itseng a kotsi a amahanngoa le menyetla e eketsehileng ea ho ba le lefu lena. Lintho tsena tse kotsi li kenyelletsa ho tsuba, botenya, khatello e phahameng ea mali, le maemo a lefutso a kang lefu la von Hippel-Lindau (VHL). Ho Setsi sa Lipatlisiso sa Kankere sa Shandong Baofa, re ikemiselitse ho fana ka tlhahisoleseding e felletseng le e tsoetseng pele phekolo dikgetho bakeng sa bakuli ba RCC.Mefuta ea Renal Cell CarcinomaHo na le mefuta e mengata ea RCC, e 'ngoe le e' ngoe e na le litšobotsi tse ikhethang le likarabo tse ka 'nang tsa fapana ho tsona. phekolo. Li-subtypes tse tsebahalang haholo li kenyelletsa: Hlakola cell RCC: Ena ke mofuta o atileng haholo, o nkang 70-80% ea linyeoe. Papillary RCC: Mofuta oa bobeli o tloaelehileng, o emelang hoo e ka bang 10-15% ea linyeoe. Chromophobe RCC: Mofuta o sa tloaelehang haholo, o etsang hoo e ka bang 5% ea linyeoe. Ho bokella RCC: Mofuta o sa tloaelehang le o mabifi oa RCC. Likhetho tsa Phekolo bakeng sa Renal Cell Carcinoma phekolo mokhoa oa RCC o ipapisitse le lintlha tse 'maloa, ho kenyeletsoa boemo ba mofetše, bophelo bo botle ba mokuli, le mofuta o itseng oa RCC. Tloaelehileng phekolo mekhoa e kenyeletsa ho buuoa, phekolo e lebisitsoeng, immunotherapy, le phekolo ea mahlaseli.Surgical TreatmentSurgery hangata ke eona e ka sehloohong. kalafo ea renal cell carcinoma, haholo-holo ha kankere e le sebakeng sa liphio. Likhetho tsa ho buoa li kenyelletsa: Radical nephrectomy: Sena se kenyelletsa ho tlosoa ka ho feletseng ha liphio tse amehileng, hammoho le lisele tse potolohileng tse kang tšoelesa ea adrenal le lymph nodes. Karolo ea Nephrectomy: Sena se akarelletsa ho ntša feela hlahala le karolo e nyenyane ea linama tse phetseng hantle, ho baballa liphio tse ngata kamoo ho ka khonehang. Mokhoa ona ka tloaelo o ratoa bakeng sa lihlahala tse nyenyane kapa ha mokuli a e-na le liphio tse le 'ngoe feela. Litlhare tsena li ka sebetsa ka ho khetheha ho RCC e tsoetseng pele. Liphekolo tse lebisitsoeng hangata li kenyelletsa: VEGF inhibitors: Lithethefatsi tsena li thibela tsela ea vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), e leng ea bohlokoa bakeng sa ho thehoa ha methapo e mecha ea mali e fanang ka lihlahala. Mehlala e kenyelletsa sunitinib (Sutent), sorafenib (Nexavar), pazopanib (Votrient), axitinib (Inlyta), le cabozantinib (Cabometyx). mTOR inhibitors: Lithethefatsi tsena li thibela sepheo sa mammalian sa tsela ea rapamycin (mTOR), e laolang kholo ea lisele le metabolism. Mehlala e kenyelletsa temsirolimus (Torisel) le everolimus (Afinitor).ImmunotherapyImmunotherapy e sebelisa matla a sesole sa 'mele ho loantša mofetše. Lithethefatsi tsa Immunotherapy bakeng sa RCC li kenyelletsa: Li-immune checkpoint inhibitors: Lithethefatsi tsena li thibela liprotheine tse thibelang sesole sa 'mele ho hlasela lisele tsa mofetše. Mehlala e kenyelletsa nivolumab (Opdivo), pembrolizumab (Keytruda), ipilimumab (Yervoy), le atezolizumab (Tecentriq). Hangata Nivolumab e kopantsoe le ipilimumab bakeng sa lefu le tsoetseng pele. Li-cytokine: Interleukin-2 e phahameng (IL-2) le interferon-alpha (IFN-α) ke li-cytokine tse ka susumetsang sesole sa 'mele. Leha ho le joalo, lithethefatsi tsena li ka ba le litla-morao tse kholo 'me ha li sebelisoe hangata hona joale ka lebaka la ho fumaneha ha mekhoa e mecha ea ho itšireletsa mafung.Radiation TherapyRadiation therapy e sebelisa mahlaseli a matla a matla ho bolaea lisele tsa kankere. Hangata ha se ea mantlha kalafo ea renal cell carcinoma, empa e ka sebelisoa ho laola bohloko kapa matšoao a mang a bakoang ke kankere e tsoetseng pele e atileng likarolong tse ling tsa ’mele. Ka linako tse ling e sebelisoa ka mor'a ho buuoa haeba ho na le kotsi ea hore kankere e tla khutla kapa haeba hlahala e 'ngoe e sa khone ho tlosoa. Stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) e fana ka tekanyo e phahameng ea mahlaseli sebakeng se lebisitsoeng hantle, 'me ka linako tse ling e sebelisetsoa lihlahala tsa liphio. phekolo atamela. Sethala se ipapisitse le boholo le sebaka sa hlahala, hore na e nametse ho li-lymph nodes tse haufi, le hore na e na le metastasized lithong tse hōle.Stage I Renal Cell CarcinomaSehlahala se lekanyelitsoe ho liphio 'me se bophara ba 7 cm kapa ka tlase. Kalafo ka tloaelo ho kenyelletsa ho tlosoa ha hlahala ka ho buuoa, ebang ke ka nephrectomy e sa fellang kapa e feteletseng.Stage II Renal Cell CarcinomaTlara e kholo ho feta 7 cm empa e ntse e le liphio. Kalafo hangata e akarelletsa radical nephrectomy.Stage III Renal Cell CarcinomaSehlahala se nametse ho li-lymph nodes tse haufi kapa se se se holile ho ba methapo e meholo kapa lisele tse potolohileng. Kalafo e ka kenyelletsa radical nephrectomy, lymph node dissection, 'me mohlomong phekolo ea adjuvant (mohlala, phekolo e lebisitsoeng kapa immunotherapy) Stage IV Renal Cell CarcinomaMofetše o na le metastasized ho litho tse hōle, tse kang matšoafo, masapo kapa boko. Kalafo dikgetho li ka kenyelletsa ho buuoa ho tlosa hlahala e ka sehloohong (cytoreductive nephrectomy), phekolo e lebisitsoeng, immunotherapy, phekolo ea mahlaseli, kapa motsoako oa mekhoa ena. Liteko tsa meriana le tsona e ka ba khetho.Ho phela le Renal Cell CarcinomaHo phela le RCC ho ka hlahisa mathata a fapaneng, mmeleng le maikutlong. Ho bohlokoa ho ba le tsamaiso e matla ea tšehetso le phihlello ea tlhokomelo e felletseng ea bongaka. Bakuli ba ka ba le litla-morao tse tsoang ho phekolo, tse kang mokhathala, ho nyekeloa ke pelo, letšollo le lekhopho la letlalo. Ho laola litla-morao tsena ke karolo ea bohlokoa ea tlhokomelo ea mofets'e. Ho phaella moo, ho boloka bophelo bo botle, ho kenyelletsa lijo tse leka-lekaneng le ho ikoetlisa kamehla, ho ka thusa ho ntlafatsa bophelo bo botle ka kakaretso. Setsing sa Lipatlisiso sa Kankere sa Shandong Baofa, sehlopha sa rona se inehetseng se fana ka tlhokomelo e nang le kutloelo-bohloko le ea botho phekolo merero ea ho thusa bakuli ho laola RCC ea bona le ho ntlafatsa bophelo ba bona. Re sebakeng sa Jinan Innovation Zone, 'me morero oa rona o lumellana le leano la 'Made in China 2025' phekolo e lula e fetoha, ho ntse ho ntlafatsoa liphekolo le mekhoa e mecha. Lintlafatso tsa morao-rao li kenyelletsa: Motsoako oa Immunotherapy: Ho kopanya lithethefatsi tse fapaneng tsa immunotherapy, tse kang nivolumab le ipilimumab, li bontšitse liphello tse ntlafetseng ho bakuli ba bang ba nang le RCC e tsoetseng pele. Liphekolo tse Lebisitsoeng tse Ntlafetseng: Meloko e mecha ea liphekolo tse lebisitsoeng ho tsona e ntse e ntlafatsoa ka katleho e ntlafalitsoeng le litlamorao tse fokolang. Meriana e Ikemetseng: Bafuputsi ba ntse ba sebetsa ho tsebahatsa li-biomarker tse ka thusang ho bolela esale pele hore na ke bakuli bafe bao ho ka etsahalang hore ba arabele ho itseng phekolos.Prognosis for Renal Cell CarcinomaTlhaloso ea RCC e fapana ho latela boemo ba mofetše, bophelo bo botle ba mokuli, le karabelo ho phekolo. Ho lemoha kapele le ho kenella ka nako ho bohlokoa bakeng sa ho ntlafatsa sephetho. Bakuli ba nang le RCC ea lehae ba etsoang opereishene ba na le monyetla o moholo oa ho phekoloa. Leha ho le joalo, ponelopele ha e ratehe haholo ho bakuli ba nang le RCC e tsoetseng pele. Patlisiso e tsoelang pele e tsepamisitse maikutlo ho nts'etsopele e ncha le e sebetsang haholoanyane phekolos ho ntlafatsa prognosis bakeng sa bakuli bohle ba RCC.Liteko tsa Kliniki Liteko tsa bongaka ke lithuto tsa lipatlisiso tse hlahlobang phekolos kapa mekhoa ea RCC. Ho nka karolo tekong ea bongaka ho ka fana ka phihlello ea liphekolo tsa maemo a holimo tse e-so fumanehe ka bongata. Bakuli ba nang le thahasello ea ho ithuta ho eketsehileng ka liteko tsa kliniki ba lokela ho bua le ngaka ea bona.Mohlala oa Boitsebiso: Litefiso tsa ho Pholoha ka Stage 5-Year Survival Rate Stage I 81-93% Stage II 74-91% Stage III 53-83% Stage IV 8-20% Mohloli: Mokhatlo oa Kankere oa Amerika (www.cancer.org)