kalafo renal cell carcinoma pathology e hlalosa Lipetlele

Ho utloisisa Renal Cell Carcinoma: Pathology Outlines & Options Phekolo ea Lipetlele Kalafo ea renal cell carcinoma (RCC) e hloka mokhoa o fapaneng oa mekhoa e mengata, e kopanyang thuto ea mafu, radiology, le tsebo ea oncology. Tataiso ena e felletseng e hlahloba lintlha tsa pathology tsa RCC, e hlalosa likarolo tsa bohlokoa tsa tlhahlobo, sethala, le mekhoa ea kalafo e fumanehang lipetleleng tse etelletseng pele.

Renal Cell Carcinoma: Tlhahlobo ea Pathological

Renal cell carcinoma (kalafo renal cell carcinoma pathology e hlalosa Lipetlele) ke mofuta o atileng haholo oa mofetše oa liphio, o tsoang liseleng tsa epithelial tsa renal tubules. Tlhahlobo e nepahetseng ea pathological ke ea bohlokoa bakeng sa ho tataisa liqeto tsa phekolo le ho bolela esale pele hore na ho tla etsahala'ng. Tlhahlobo ea histological e senola mefuta e fapaneng ea lisele, e amang mabifi le karabelo ea kalafo. Li-subtypes tse ka sehloohong li kenyelletsa lisele tse hlakileng tsa RCC (ccRCC), papillary RCC, chromophobe RCC, le tse ling. Subtype e 'ngoe le e' ngoe e na le likarolo tse ikhethang tsa microscopic, tse amang ponelopele le maano a kalafo.

Hlakola Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma (ccRCC)

ccRCC e ikarabella bakeng sa boholo ba linyeoe tsa RCC. Pathologically, e tšoauoa ka cytoplasm e hlakileng liseleng tsa hlahala ka lebaka la bongata ba glycogen le lipid content. Hangata lisele tsena li bontša mokhoa o ikhethileng oa ho hōla, ho etsa lihlaha kapa li-tubules. Ho ba teng ha liphetoho tse itseng tsa lefutso, tse kang liphetoho tsa lefutso la VHL, hangata li hlokomeloa.

Papillary Renal Cell Carcinoma

Papillary RCC e khetholloa ka mokhoa oa eona oa ho hola oa papillary, ka lisele tse etsang makhasi a bonojoana kapa papillae. Ho fapana le ccRCC, cytoplasm ha e hlake haholo. Ho na le li-subtypes tse peli: mofuta oa 1 le mofuta oa 2, 'me mofuta oa 2 o amahanngoa le boemo bo bobe le ho feta.

Chromophobe Renal Cell Carcinoma

Chromophobe RCC ha e tloaelehe 'me e khetholloa ka lisele tse nang le cytoplasm e putsoa, eosinophilic le likarolo tsa nyutlelie tse batlang li fokola. Hangata e na le mokhoa o ikhethileng oa ho hōla, ho etsa lihlaha kapa maqephe.

Li-subtypes tse ling

Ho na le mefuta e meng e mengata e sa tloaelehang, ho kenyelletsa le ho bokella duct carcinoma, medullary RCC, le RCC e sa tsejoeng. Li-subtypes tsena hangata li hloka boiphihlelo bo khethehileng bakeng sa tlhahlobo le moralo oa kalafo.

Lintlha tsa Boemo le Boprofeta ho RCC

Pathological staging, e thehiloeng tsamaisong ea TNM (boholo ba hlahala, ho ameha ha nodal, le metastasis e hole), ke ea bohlokoa ho lekanyetsa boholo ba lefu lena. Tlhahisoleseding ena, hammoho le mofuta o itseng oa RCC le lintlha tse ling tsa tsoelo-pele tse kang kereiti (kamoo lisele tsa mofetše li hlahang li le mabifi ka tlas'a microscope), li susumetsa maano a kalafo. Ha boemo bo phahame, ke moo phekolo e atisang ho ba e pharaletseng haholoanyane.

Khetho ea Kalafo bakeng sa Renal Cell Carcinoma

Khetho ea kalafo e ipapisitse le lintlha tse fapaneng, ho kenyeletsoa sethala, boemo, le bophelo bo botle ba mokuli ka kakaretso. Khetho e fapana ho tloha ho opereishene (nephrectomy e sa fellang kapa radical nephrectomy), phekolo e lebisitsoeng, immunotherapy, le phekolo ea mahlaseli.

Ho Buoa ho Hlakola

Ho tlosoa ha hlahala ka ho buuoa hangata ke phekolo ea mantlha bakeng sa RCC ea sebakeng seo. Karolo e itseng ea nephrectomy e boloka lisele tse phetseng hantle tsa liphio, athe radical nephrectomy e kenyelletsa ho tlosa liphio tsohle le li-lymph nodes tse potolohileng. Khetho e itšetlehile ka lintlha tse 'maloa, ho kenyelletsa le boholo le sebaka sa hlahala, le mosebetsi oa liphio ka kakaretso oa mokuli.

Targeted Therapy

Litlhare tse reriloeng, tse kang tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), li lebisa ka ho khetheha liprotheine tse sa tloaelehang tse tsamaisang kholo ea RCC. Lithethefatsi tsena li fetotse phekolo e tsoetseng pele ea RCC, ho ntlafatsa litekanyetso tsa ho pholoha. Mehlala e kenyelletsa sunitinib, sorafenib, le pazopanib.

Immunotherapy

Immunotherapy e sebelisa sesole sa 'mele ho loantša lisele tsa mofetše. Checkpoint inhibitors, joalo ka nivolumab le ipilimumab, ke liphekolo tse sebetsang bakeng sa RCC e tsoetseng pele. Lithethefatsi tsena li sebetsa ka ho lokolla mariki ho sesole sa 'mele, ho se lumella ho lemoha le ho hlasela lisele tsa mofetše.

Phekolo ea Mahlaseli

Kalafo ea mahlaseli e ka ’na ea sebelisoa maemong a itseng, joalo ka tlhokomelo ea ho kokobetsa bohloko bakeng sa lefu le tsoetseng pele kapa hammoho le liphekolo tse ling.

Ho Khetha Sepetlele se Nepahetseng bakeng sa Kalafo ea RCC

Ho khetha sepetlele se nepahetseng bakeng sa kalafo renal cell carcinoma pathology e hlalosa Lipetlele ke ea bohlokoa. Batla litsi tse nang le lihlopha tse nang le boiphihlelo tse fapaneng tse kenyelletsang lingaka tsa urologists, oncologists, pathologists, le radiologists tse sebetsanang le mofetše oa genitourinary. The Shandong Baofa Cancer Research Institute (https://www.baofahospital.com/) ke mohlala oa sepetlele se inehetseng ho fana ka tlhokomelo e felletseng ea mofetše, e nang le litsebi tse nang le boiphihlelo mabapi le tlhahlobo le kalafo ea renal cell carcinoma. Nahana ka lintlha tse kang bokhoni ba theknoloji, ho kenya letsoho lipatlisisong, le litšebeletso tsa tšehetso ea bakuli ha u etsa qeto.

Qetello

E atlehile kalafo renal cell carcinoma pathology e hlalosa Lipetlele e hloka tlhahlobo e nepahetseng, boemo bo nepahetseng, le moralo o hlophisitsoeng oa kalafo. Ka ho utloisisa litšobotsi tsa lefu la RCC, mefuta ea eona e sa tšoaneng, le mekhoa ea phekolo e fumanehang, bakuli ba ka etsa liqeto tse nang le tsebo ka ho sebelisana le sehlopha sa bona sa tlhokomelo ea bophelo. Khetho e nepahetseng ea sepetlele ke ea bohlokoa bakeng sa phello e molemohali e ka khonehang.