kalafo renal cell carcinoma pathology

Kalafo ea Renal Cell Carcinoma: Pono ea Pathology

Tataiso ena e pharaletseng e hlahloba pathology ea renal cell carcinoma (RCC), e hlahlobisisa mefuta ea eona e sa tšoaneng, mekhoa ea ho hlahloba, le liphello tsa maano a phekolo. Re hlahloba likarolo tsa microscopic, liphetoho tsa liphatsa tsa lefutso, le lintlha tsa tsoelo-pele tse amanang le RCC, ho fana ka kutloisiso e qaqileng bakeng sa litsebi tsa tlhokomelo ea bophelo le bafuputsi.

Ho utloisisa Renal Cell Carcinoma

Ho hlalosa RCC le Subtypes ea eona

Renal cell carcinoma, mofuta o atileng haholo oa mofetše oa liphio, o hlaha lera la liphio. Ho na le li-subtypes tse 'maloa, e' ngoe le e 'ngoe e na le litšobotsi tse ikhethang tsa pathological le boits'oaro ba kliniki. Tsena li kenyelletsa lisele tse hlakileng tsa RCC (ccRCC), papillary RCC (pRCC), chromophobe RCC (chRCC), le tse ling. Subtyping e nepahetseng e bohlokoa bakeng sa ho tataisa kalafo renal cell carcinoma pathology le ho bolela esale pele se tla etsahala. Sehlopha se nepahetseng se ipapisitse le tlhahlobo e hlokolosi ea microscopic le matheba a immunohistochemical, hangata a hlokang boiphihlelo ho lefu la genitourinary.

Litšobotsi tsa Microscopic le Mekhoa ea Tlhahlobo

Tlhahlobo ea RCC e thehiloe haholo-holo tlhahlobong ea histopathological ea lisampole tsa lisele tse fumanoeng ka biopsy kapa ho buuoa ka ho buuoa. Likarolo tse ikhethileng tsa microscopic, joalo ka sebopeho sa sele, litšobotsi tsa nyutlelie, le mekhoa ea kholo, li thusa ho khetholla lipakeng tsa mefuta e nyane ea RCC. Mohlala, ccRCC e tšoauoa ka cytoplasm e hlakileng, ha pRCC e bonts'a meaho ea papillary. Immunohistochemistry e bapala karolo ea bohlokoa ho netefatseng lefu lena le ho tsebahatsa li-subtypes tse itseng, ho thusa ho ntlafatsa. kalafo renal cell carcinoma pathology merero.

Liphetoho tsa Liphatsa tsa lefutso le Pathology ea Limolek'hule

Karolo ea Liphatsa tsa lefutso ho nts'etsopele ea RCC

Ho se tloaelehe ha liphatsa tsa lefutso ho phetha karolo ea bohlokoa ntlafatsong le tsoelopeleng ea RCC. Liphetoho tse ngata tsa liphatsa tsa lefutso li kenyelletsa mofuta oa von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) tumor suppressor gene, haholo-holo ho ccRCC. Liphatsa tsa lefutso tse ling, joalo ka PBRM1, BAP1, le SETD2, le tsona hangata li fetoloa ka mefuta e fapaneng ea RCC. Ho utloisisa liphetoho tsena tsa liphatsa tsa lefutso ke habohlokoa bakeng sa ho hlahisa mekhoa ea phekolo e lebisitsoeng le ho ntlafatsa liphello tsa mokuli. Mekhoa e tsoetseng pele ea limolek'hule, joalo ka tatellano ea moloko o latelang, e ntse e sebelisoa haholo ho khetholla liphetoho tsena, ho tsebisa kalafo renal cell carcinoma pathology atamela.

Liphello bakeng sa Therapy Targeted

Ho tsebahatsa liphetoho tse itseng tsa lefutso ho RCC ho lebisitse ho nts'etsopele ea mekhoa ea phekolo e lebisitsoeng. Ka mohlala, li-inhibitors tsa vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) le sepheo sa mammalian sa rapamycin (mTOR) li atisa ho sebelisoa ho RCC e tsoetseng pele, haholo-holo e nang le liphetoho tsa VHL. Mahlahana ana a shebiloeng hangata a bontša molemo o moholo oa tleliniki le ho ntlafatsa maemo a ho pholoha. Patlisiso e ntseng e tsoela pele mabapi le motheo oa limolek'hule tsa RCC e ntse e tsoela pele ho bula tsela bakeng sa liphekolo tse lebisitsoeng ho feta tse nepahetseng le maano a kalafo a motho ka mong.

Lintlha tsa Prognostic le Maano a Phekolo

Ho bolela esale pele Polelo le Khetho ea Phekolo

Lintlha tse 'maloa li susumetsa tsoelo-pele ea RCC, ho kenyelletsa le sethala sa tumor, grade, le subtype. Ho ba teng ha lefu la metastase ho ama haholo maemo a ho pholoha. Likarolo tsa pathological, joalo ka boemo ba nyutlelie le necrosis, le tsona li tlatsetsa ho stratification ea prognostic. Tlhahlobo ena e qaqileng ea pathological ke ea bohlokoa bakeng sa ho tataisa liqeto tsa phekolo le ho lokisa mekhoa ea phekolo bakeng sa bakuli ka bomong. Khetho ea kalafo renal cell carcinoma pathology e itšetlehile haholo ka tlhahlobo ena.

Likhetho tsa Kalafo le Motheo oa tsona oa Pathological

Mekhoa ea phekolo ea RCC e fapana ho itšetlehile ka sethala le boemo ba lefu lena. Resection ea opereishene ke kalafo ea mantlha bakeng sa RCC ea lehae. Bakeng sa RCC e tsoetseng pele kapa ea metastatic, litlhare tsa tsamaiso tse kang li-agent tse lebisitsoeng kapa immunotherapy lia sebelisoa. Khetho ea phekolo hangata e tataisoa ke mofuta oa pathological subtype, liphetoho tsa liphatsa tsa lefutso, le bophelo bo botle ba mokuli ka kakaretso. Patlisiso e ntseng e tsoela pele e lekola mekhoa e mecha ea kalafo, e matlafatsa kutloisiso ea rona e ntseng e eketseha ea mekhoa ea limolek'hule e tsamaisang nts'etsopele ea RCC.

Mekhoa e tsoetseng pele ea RCC Pathology

Immunohistochemistry le Lisebelisoa tsa eona

Immunohistochemistry (IHC) ke sesebelisoa sa bohlokoahali ho RCC pathology. Matšoao a khethehileng, a kang VHL, AMACR, le PAX8, a sebelisetsoa ho khetholla li-subtypes tsa RCC le ho li khetholla ho lihlahala tse ling tsa renal. IHC e ka boela ea thusa ho lekola boemo ba tumor le ho bolela esale pele hore na ho tla etsahala eng. Ho feta moo, IHC e bapala karolo ea bohlokoa ho tsebahatseng sepheo sa kalafo se ka bang teng, ho tsebisa motho ka mong. kalafo renal cell carcinoma pathology liqeto.

Mekhoa ea Limolek'hule Pathology

Mekhoa e tsoetseng pele ea limolek'hule, joalo ka tatellano ea moloko o latelang (NGS) le fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), e ntse e sebelisoa haholo ho mafu a RCC. NGS e lumella tlhaloso e feletseng ea genomic, e khethollang mefuta e mengata ea liphetoho tsa liphatsa tsa lefutso tse ka susumetsang khetho ea phekolo le ho bolela esale pele karabelo ea phekolo. FISH e ka bona ho se tloaelehe ha chromosomal, e fana ka leseli le eketsehileng mabapi le baeloji ea tumor le prognosis.

Lintlha tse fanoeng mona ke tsa merero ea thuto feela, 'me ha li kopanele keletso ea bongaka. Bakeng sa tlhahlobo le kalafo ea renal cell carcinoma, ka kopo ikopanye le setsebi sa bophelo bo botle se tšoanelehang.

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