4 isigaba unyango umhlaza wemiphunga

Inqanaba lesi-4 lomhlaza wemiphunga, nokwaziwa ngokuba ngumhlaza wemiphunga we-metastatic, lithetha ukuba umhlaza usasazeke kwamanye amalungu omzimba. Ngelixa luxilongo olunzima, ukuqhubela phambili kunyango kunika ithemba lokulawula isifo kunye nokuphucula umgangatho wobomi. Iinketho zonyango zihlala zibandakanya ichemotherapy, unyango olujoliswe kuyo, i-immunotherapy, unyango lweradiation, kunye nokhathalelo lokuthomalalisa. Indlela ekhethekileyo ixhomekeke kwizinto ezahlukeneyo, kuquka uhlobo lomhlaza wemiphunga, utshintsho lwemfuza, kunye nempilo yomntu jikelele. Ukuqonda ezi zikhetho kunye nokusebenza ngokusondeleyo kunye neqela lezonyango kubalulekile ukwenza izigqibo ezinolwazi kunye nokuhamba ngohambo lonyango.Ukuqonda iNqanaba lesi-4 lomhlaza wamaphaphuInqanaba lesi-4 lomhlaza wamaphaphu libonisa ukuba umhlaza we-metastasized, oku kuthetha ukuba usasazeke ngaphaya kwemiphunga ukuya kwizitho ezikude ezifana nengqondo, amathambo, isibindi, okanye i-adrenal glands. Oku kusasazeka kwenzeka xa iiseli zomhlaza zigqabhuka zisuka kwithumba elingundoqo kwaye zihambe ngegazi okanye inkqubo ye-lymphatic ukuya kwamanye amalungu omzimba.Iintlobo zoMhlaza weMiphungaZimbini iindidi eziphambili zomhlaza wemiphunga: Umhlaza weMiphunga yeSeli engeNcinane (NSCLC): Olu lolona hlobo luxhaphakileyo, lubalelwa malunga ne-80-85% yezehlo zomhlaza wemiphunga. Iintlobo ezincinci ze-NSCLC ziquka i-adenocarcinoma, i-squamous cell carcinoma, kunye ne-cell carcinoma enkulu. Umhlaza weMiphunga yeSeli encinci (SCLC): Olu hlobo aluqhelekanga kodwa luvame ukukhula kwaye lusasazeke ngokukhawuleza kune-NSCLC.I-Diagnosis kunye ne-StagingDiagnosis ngokuqhelekileyo ibandakanya iimvavanyo ze-imaging (CT scans, PET scans, MRI), i-biopsies, kunye nezinye iinkqubo. Iqonga limisela ubungakanani bokunwenwa komhlaza. Inqanaba lesi-4 lelona nqanaba liphambili.Unyango loKhetho lwe Inqanaba lesi-4 loNyango lomhlaza wemiphungaNgelixa unyango lusenokungenzeki 4 isigaba unyango umhlaza wemiphunga, unyango lujolise ekulawuleni umhlaza, ukunciphisa iimpawu, kunye nokuphucula umgangatho wobomi. Isicwangciso sonyango esikhethekileyo sixhomekeke kwizinto eziliqela, kuquka uhlobo lomhlaza wemiphunga, utshintsho lwemfuza, apho umhlaza unwenwe khona, kunye nempilo yesigulana iyonke.I-ChemotherapyChemotherapy isebenzisa amayeza ukubulala iiseli zomhlaza. Ihlala isetyenziswa njengonyango lodidi lokuqala 4 isigaba unyango umhlaza wemiphunga, ngakumbi kwi-SCLC kunye nezinye iintlobo ze-NSCLC. Inokulawulwa nge-intravenously (ngokusebenzisa i-vein) okanye ngomlomo (njengeepilisi). I-Targeted TherapyTargeted therapy iziyobisi ezijoliswe kwiimolekyuli ezithile (ezifana neeprotheni okanye iijini) ezinceda iiseli zomhlaza zikhule kwaye zisasazeke. Olu nyango luhlala lusetyenziselwa i-NSCLC kunye neenguqu ezithile zofuzo. Iithagethi eziqhelekileyo ziquka i-EGFR, i-ALK, i-ROS1, kunye ne-BRAF. Ukuvavanyelwa olu tshintsho kubalulekile phambi kokuba uqalise unyango.ImmunotherapyImmunotherapy inceda amajoni omzimba alwe nomhlaza. Ii-immune checkpoint inhibitors, ezifana ne-pembrolizumab (Keytruda), nivolumab (Opdivo), atezolizumab (Tecentriq), kunye ne-durvalumab (Imfinzi), ziqhele ukusetyenziswa kwi. 4 isigaba unyango umhlaza wemiphunga. La machiza avala iiproteni ezithintela iiseli zomzimba ekuhlaseleni iiseli zomhlaza.Unyango lweRadiation TherapyRadiation therapy isebenzisa imitha yamandla aphezulu ukubulala iiseli zomhlaza. Ingasetyenziselwa ukunciphisa amathumba, ukukhulula intlungu, okanye ukunyanga umhlaza oye wasasazeka kwingqondo okanye emathanjeni.I-Palliative CarePalliative Care igxile ekunciphiseni iimpawu kunye nokuphucula umgangatho wobomi. Ingabandakanya ulawulo lweentlungu, inkxaso yesondlo, kunye nenkxaso yeemvakalelo. Ukhathalelo lwe-Palliative lunokubonelelwa kunye nolunye unyango.Unyango oluKhethekileyo oluSekwe kuHlobo loMhlaza woMphunga kwiSigaba 4 I-NSCLCT izicwangciso zonyango zenqanaba lesi-4 i-NSCLC ixhomekeke kwi-subtype ethile (i-adenocarcinoma, i-squamous cell carcinoma, njl.) kunye nobukho bokuguqulwa kofuzo. Iindlela eziqhelekileyo ziquka: I-Adenocarcinoma kunye nokuguqulwa kwe-EGFR: I-EGFR inhibitors (umzekelo, i-osimertinib, i-gefitinib, i-erlotinib) I-Adenocarcinoma kunye nohlengahlengiso lwe-ALK: I-ALK inhibitors (umzekelo, i-alectinib, i-crizotinib, i-brigatinib) I-Adenocarcinoma kunye nohlengahlengiso lwe-ROS1: I-ROS1 inhibitors (umzekelo, i-entrectinib, i-crizotinib) I-NSCLC ene-PD-L1 intetho: I-Immunotherapy (umzekelo, i-pembrolizumab, i-atezolizumab) Unyango ngamachiza: Ngokuqhelekileyo kudibaniswa ne-immunotherapy okanye unyango olujoliswe kuyo.Unyango lweSigaba 4 SCLCTUnyango lwenqanaba le-4 SCLC libandakanya i-chemotherapy kwaye, kwezinye iimeko, i-immunotherapy. Unyango ngamachiza: Iirejimeni ezisetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo ziquka i-cisplatin okanye i-carboplatin edibene ne-etoposide. I-Immunotherapy: I-Atezolizumab okanye i-durvalumab inokongezwa kwi-chemotherapy. Unyango ngemitha: Isenokusetyenziselwa ukunyanga amathumba asesifubeni okanye ebuchotsheni.Ukuzulazula kuhambo loNyango kunye neShandong Baofa Cancer Research InstituteUkukhetha iziko lonyango elinobuchule 4 isigaba unyango umhlaza wemiphunga ibalulekile. IZiko loPhando ngoMhlaza laseShandong Baofa inikezela ngokhathalelo olubanzi, kubandakanywa uxilongo oluphezulu, izicwangciso zonyango olulolwakho, kunye neenkonzo ezixhasayo. Iqela lethu leengcali ze-oncologists, i-radiation therapists, kunye neengcali ezixhasayo zisebenza kunye ukubonelela ngezona ziphumo zingcono. Siyayiqonda imingeni izigulane ezijongene nazo kwaye sizibophelele ekunikeni ukhathalelo olunovelwano nolusebenzayo.Iilingo zeKlinikhi Ulingo lwezonyango luphononongo lophando oluvavanya unyango olutsha okanye iindlela ezintsha zokusebenzisa unyango olukhoyo. Izigulane ezine 4 isigaba unyango umhlaza wemiphunga inokucinga ngokuthatha inxaxheba kulingo lwezonyango ukufikelela kunyango oluphambili. Ugqirha wakho unokukunceda ubone ukuba ngaba ulingo lwezonyango lukulungele na.Iprognosis kunye ne-OutlookThe prognosis for 4 isigaba unyango umhlaza wemiphunga iyahluka ngokuxhomekeke kwizinto ezifana nohlobo lomhlaza wemiphunga, ubungakanani bokusasazeka, utshintsho lwemfuzo, kunye nempilo yonke yesigulana. Ngelixa isigaba sesi-4 somhlaza wemiphunga singanyangeki kwizigulane ezininzi, unyango lunokunceda ukulawula isifo, ukuphucula umgangatho wobomi, kunye nokwandisa ubomi. Uphando oluqhubekayo lukhokelela kunyango olutsha nolusebenzayo ngakumbi. Amazinga okusinda kwiNqanaba lesi-4 loMhlaza weMiphunga (Iminyaka emi-5) Uhlobo olumalunga neMinyaka emi-5 yokuPhila kweNSCLC Malunga ne-10% SCLC Malunga ne-2% *Qaphela: La ngamanani aqikelelweyo. Amazinga okusinda komntu ahluka ngokusekelwe kwizinto ezininzi. Ukuphila nenqanaba lesi-4 loMhlaza weMiphunga 4 isigaba unyango umhlaza wemiphunga kunokuba lucelomngeni, kodwa kubalulekile ukugxila kumgangatho wobomi. Oku kubandakanya ukulawula iimpawu, ukugcina indlela yokuphila enempilo, kunye nokufuna inkxaso yeemvakalelo. Qwalasela le miba: Ulawulo lweempawu Ulawulo lweempawu olusebenzayo lubalulekile ekuphuculeni umgangatho wobomi. Oku kunokubandakanya amayeza eentlungu, iziyobisi ezichasayo, kunye nolunye unyango ukujongana neempawu ezithile.Isondlo kunye noMzimba Ukugcina ukutya okunempilo kunye nokuzibandakanya rhoqo (njengoko kunyamezelwa) kunokunceda ukuphucula amanqanaba amandla kunye nokuphila kakuhle. Qhagamshelana nengcali yezokutya ebhalisiweyo okanye ingcali yezomzimba ukuze ufumane iingcebiso ezizezakho.Inkxaso yoMvakalelo Inkxaso yeemvakalelo ibalulekile ukuze umelane nemingeni yeemvakalelo yomhlaza wemiphunga. Oku kunokubandakanya unyango, amaqela enkxaso, okanye ukudibanisa nabanye abantu abanomhlaza wemiphunga.Ithemba loPhando lwexesha elizayo kunyango olutsha noluphuculweyo lonyango. 4 isigaba unyango umhlaza wemiphunga iyaqhuba. Ezi nkqubela zinika ithemba lokwandisa ubomi kunye nokuphucula umgangatho wobomi kubantu abaphila nesi sifo. Ukusebenza ngokusondeleyo neqela lakho lezonyango kunye nokuhlala unolwazi malunga neendlela zonyango zamva nje kunokukuxhobisa ukuba wenze izigqibo ezinolwazi malunga nokhathalelo lwakho.I-Disclaimer: Olu lwazi lujoliswe kwiinjongo zemfundo kuphela kwaye aluquki iingcebiso zonyango. Soloko udibana nogqirha wakho okanye omnye umboneleli wezempilo oqeqeshiweyo ngayo nayiphi na imibuzo onokuba nayo malunga nemeko yempilo okanye unyango.