unyango olungcono lomhlaza wemiphunga

IiNdlela eziLungileyo zoNyango loMhlaza weMiphunga: IsiKhokelo esiBanzi Esi sikhokelo sibonelela ngesishwankathelo sangoku unyango olungcono lomhlaza wemiphunga iinketho, egubungela izigaba ezahlukeneyo kunye neentlobo zesi sifo. Siphonononga iinkqubo zotyando, ichemotherapy, unyango lweradiation, unyango ekujoliswe kulo, i-immunotherapy, kunye nokhathalelo oluxhasayo, kukunceda uqonde ubunzima obubandakanyekayo ekukhetheni indlela yonyango elungileyo. Ulwazi lunikezelwa ngeenjongo zemfundo kwaye akufanele luthathwe njengengcebiso yezonyango. Soloko udibana ne-oncologist yakho malunga neengcebiso ezenzelwe wena.

Ukuqonda uMhlaza weLung

Iintlobo zomhlaza wemiphunga

Umhlaza wemiphunga uhlelwa ngokubanzi ube ziindidi ezimbini eziphambili: umhlaza wemiphunga weseli encinci (SCLC) kunye nomhlaza wemiphunga weseli ongengomncinci (NSCLC). I-NSCLC ichaza uninzi lokuxilonga umhlaza wemiphunga kwaye yahlulwe ngakumbi kwii-subtypes, kubandakanya i-adenocarcinoma, i-squamous cell carcinoma, kunye ne-cell carcinoma enkulu. Uhlobo oluthile lwe unyango olungcono lomhlaza wemiphunga iya kuxhomekeka kakhulu kuhlobo lweeseli kunye nenqanaba lomhlaza.

Ukuhlaselwa koMhlaza weMiphunga

Iqonga limisela ubungakanani bokunwenwa komhlaza. Amanqanaba aqala kwi-I (indawo) ukuya kwi-IV (metastatic). Iqonga libalulekile ekumiseleni eyona ifanelekileyo unyango olungcono lomhlaza wemiphunga isicwangciso. Oku kudla ngokubandakanya iimvavanyo ze-imaging ezifana ne-CT scans, i-PET scans, kunye ne-biopsies enokubakho.

IiKhetho zoNyango loMhlaza weMiphunga

Utyando

Ukususwa ngotyando kwethumba elinomhlaza kudla ngokuba lolona khetho lukhethwayo kumhlaza wemiphunga okwinqanaba lakwangoko. Kukho iindlela ezininzi zokusebenzisa, ezifana ne-lobectomy (ukususwa kwe-lobe ye-lung), i-pneumonectomy (ukususwa komphunga uphela), kunye nokususwa kwe-wedge (ukususwa kwecandelo elincinci le-lung tissue). Inkqubo ethile yotyando ixhomekeke kubukhulu kunye nendawo yethumba. Ubuchwephesha obungenabuncinci obufana nokuhlinzwa kwethoracoscopic (i-VATS) encediswa yividiyo isetyenziswa ngakumbi ukunciphisa ukwenzakala kunye nexesha lokubuyisela.

Unyango ngamachiza

I-Chemotherapy isebenzisa amayeza ukubulala iiseli zomhlaza. Ihlala isetyenziswa phambi kotyando (neoadjuvant chemotherapy) ukuthoba amathumba, emva kotyando (i-adjuvant chemotherapy) ukuphelisa iiseli zomhlaza eziseleyo, okanye njengonyango lokuqala lomhlaza wemiphunga okwinqanaba eliphezulu. Amachiza echemotherapy asetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo aquka i-cisplatin, i-carboplatin, i-paclitaxel, kunye ne-docetaxel. Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zinokubonakala kwaye zihluke ngokuxhomekeke kwirejimeni yechiza elithile.

Unyango ngemitha

Unyango ngemitha lusebenzisa imitha yemitha ephezulu ukutshabalalisa iiseli zomhlaza. Ingasetyenziswa yodwa okanye idityaniswe nolunye unyango. Unyango lwemitha yangaphandle luhambisa imitha kumatshini ongaphandle komzimba. I-Brachytherapy ibandakanya ukubeka imathiriyeli ye-radioactive ngqo okanye kufuphi nethumba. Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zinokubandakanya ukudinwa, ukucaphuka kwesikhumba, kunye nokudumba kwemiphunga.

Unyango ekujoliswe kulo

Unyango olujoliswe kuyo lusebenzisa amachiza ajolise ngokukodwa kwiiseli zomhlaza, ukunciphisa umonakalo kwiiseli eziphilileyo. La mayeza ahlala ejolise kwiinguqu ezithile zofuzo okanye iiprotheyini ezifumaneka kwiiseli zomhlaza. Imizekelo ibandakanya i-EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) njenge-gefitinib kunye ne-erlotinib, i-ALK inhibitors njenge-crizotinib, kunye ne-ROS1 inhibitors. Ukuvavanywa rhoqo kwiinguqu ezithile zofuzo kuyimfuneko ukufumanisa ukuba isigulane singumviwa ofanelekileyo wonyango olujoliswe kuyo.

Immunotherapy

I-Immunotherapy idibanisa amajoni omzimba ukulwa nomhlaza. Inceda ukuvuselela amajoni omzimba ukuba aqaphele kwaye ahlasele iiseli zomhlaza. Ii-Checkpoint inhibitors, ezifana ne-pembrolizumab kunye ne-nivolumab, zisetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo ngamachiza onyango lwe-immunotherapy. Bavimba iiproteni ezithintela amajoni omzimba ekuhlaseleni iiseli zomhlaza.

Ukhathalelo lweNkxaso

Ukhathalelo oluxhasayo lujolise ekulawuleni iimpawu kunye nokuphucula umgangatho wobomi besigulane. Ingabandakanya ulawulo lweentlungu, inkxaso yesondlo, unyango lokuphefumla, kunye nenkxaso yengqondo. Lo mba wokhathalelo ubalulekile kuyo yonke inkqubo yonyango.

Ukukhetha esona Sicwangciso soNyango siLungcono

I unyango olungcono lomhlaza wemiphunga isicwangciso siphezulu somntu ngamnye kwaye sixhomekeke kwizinto ezininzi, ezibandakanya: Uhlobo kunye nenqanaba lomhlaza wemiphunga Impilo yonke yesigulane kunye nokomelela Ukhetho lomntu Ukufumaneka kokhetho lonyangoIqela lezinto ezininzi, elidla ngokubandakanya i-oncologists, oogqirha botyando, iingcali ze-radiologists, kunye nezinye iingcali, ziya kusebenza kunye ukuphuhlisa isicwangciso sonyango lomntu. Unxibelelwano oluvulekileyo kunye neqela lakho lokhathalelo lwezempilo lubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuba uyaluqonda ukhetho lwakho kwaye unokwenza izigqibo ezinolwazi.

Apho unokufumana khona ulwazi oluthembekileyo kunye neNkxaso

Ukufumana ulwazi oluthe kratya kunye nenkxaso malunga nomhlaza wemiphunga, ungajonga izixhobo ezivela kwimibutho ehloniphekileyo efana ne-American Cancer Society kunye neNational Cancer Institute. Umbutho womhlaza waseMelika kwaye Iziko lomhlaza leSizwe ukunika ulwazi olubanzi malunga nokuxilongwa komhlaza wemiphunga, unyango, kunye neenkonzo zenkxaso. Cingisisa ngokufuna amaqela enkxaso okanye iinkonzo zoluleko ukuze ufumane uncedo ngokwasemoyeni nangokwenzekayo ngeli xesha linzima. Ngokhathalelo oluphezulu okanye olukhethekileyo, unokunqwenela ukubonisana namaziko asebenza ngonyango lomhlaza, anje ngeShandong Baofa Cancer Research Institute. Unokufunda ngakumbi ngokundwendwela iwebhusayithi yabo ku https://www.baofahospital.com/.