ithumba ebuchotsheni

Amathumba ebuchotsheni kukukhula okungaqhelekanga ngaphakathi kwengqondo okunokuphazamisa imisebenzi yayo yesiqhelo. Ukufunyaniswa kwangethuba kunye nonyango olufanelekileyo lubalulekile ekulawuleni ezi meko. Esi sikhokelo sibanzi sibandakanya ulwazi oluyimfuneko malunga amathumba ebuchotsheni, kubandakanywa iimpawu zabo, ukuxilongwa, kunye nonyango lwamva nje olukhoyo kumaziko aphambili afana IZiko loPhando ngoMhlaza laseShandong Baofa.Yintoni ithumba ebuchotsheni?A ithumba ebuchotsheni bubunzima okanye ukukhula kweeseli ezingaqhelekanga engqondweni. Ezi thumba zinokuba nobungozi (zingabi nomhlaza) okanye ziyingozi (umhlaza). Amathumba anobungozi anokukhula ngokukhawuleza kwaye ahlasele izicubu zobuchopho ezijikelezileyo, ngelixa i-benign tumors ikhula ngokucothayo kwaye inqabile ukusasazeka. Zombini iintlobo zamathumba zinokubangela iingxaki ezibalulekileyo ngokubeka uxinzelelo kwingqondo kunye nokuphazamisa umsebenzi wayo oqhelekileyo. Nge IZiko loPhando ngoMhlaza laseShandong Baofa, sizinikele ekufumaneni izisombululo zokunciphisa umhlaza, kuquka amathumba ebuchotsheni.Iintlobo zamathumba ebuchotsheniAmathumba ebuchotsheni zihlelwa ngokohlobo lweeseli eziphuma kuzo kunye nokuziphatha kwazo. Ezinye iintlobo eziqhelekileyo ziquka: IiGliomas: Olu lolona hlobo luqhelekileyo lwe ithumba ebuchotsheni kwaye zivela kwiiseli zeglial, ezixhasa iiseli zemithambo-luvo ebuchotsheni. Imizekelo ibandakanya i-astrocytomas, i-oligodendrogliomas, kunye ne-glioblastomas. I-Meningiomas: Ezi thumba zikhula kwi-meninges, iimbumba ezijikeleze kwaye zikhusele ingqondo kunye nentambo yomgogodla. Basoloko benobubele. I-Acoustic Neuromas (Schwannomas): Ezi thumba zikhula kwi-vestibulocochlear nerve, edibanisa indlebe engaphakathi nengqondo. I-Pituitary Tumors: Ezi thumba zikhula kwi-pituitary gland, idlala elincinci elisezantsi kwengqondo elilawula ukuveliswa kwehomoni. I-Metastatic Brain Tumors: Ezi thumba zenzeka xa iiseli zomhlaza ezisuka kwamanye amalungu omzimba, njengemiphunga, ibele, okanye ulusu, zisasazeka zisiya ebuchotsheni.Iimpawu zeBrain Tumor ithumba ebuchotsheni inokwahluka ngokubanzi ngokuxhomekeke kubungakanani bethumba, indawo, kunye nesantya sokukhula. Iimpawu eziqhelekileyo ziquka: Intloko ebuhlungu: Idla ngokuba mandundu kusasa kwaye inokukhatshwa sisicaphucaphu okanye ukugabha. Ukuxhuzula: Inokuba luphawu lokuqala a ithumba ebuchotsheni. Iingxaki zombono: Ukungaboni kakuhle, ukubona kabini, okanye ukulahlekelwa ngumbono weperipheral. Ubunzima Bokuthetha: Ingxaki yokuthetha okanye yokuqonda ulwimi. Ubuthathaka okanye Ubundisholo: Ezingalo okanye emilenzeni. Iingxaki zoMlungelelwano: Ubunzima bokuhamba okanye ukugcina ibhalansi. Utshintsho kuBuntu okanye kwisimo sokuziphatha: Ukucaphuka, ukubhideka, okanye iingxaki zenkumbulo.Uxilongo lwamathumba ebuchotsheni ithumba ebuchotsheni ngokuqhelekileyo ibandakanya indibaniselwano yeemvavanyo zemithambo-luvo kunye neemvavanyo zokucinga.Uvavanyo lwemithambo-luvoUvavanyo lwemithambo-luvo luvavanya umbono wesigulana, ukuva, ukulungelelana, ulungelelwaniso, uhlengahlengiso, kunye nomsebenzi wokuqonda. Iimvavanyo zomfanekiso eziqhelekileyo ziquka: I-MRI (Umfanekiso weMagnetic Resonance): Ibonelela ngemifanekiso eneenkcukacha zobuchopho kwaye inokunceda ekuchongeni ubukhulu, indawo, kunye neempawu ze-a ithumba ebuchotsheni. I-CT Scan (iComputed Tomography): Usebenzisa iiX-reyi ukwenza imifanekiso enqamlezileyo yobuchopho. I-PET Scan (iPositron Emission Tomography): Inokunceda ekumiseleni umsebenzi wemetabolism ye-a ithumba ebuchotsheni.I-BiopsyA biopsy ibandakanya ukususa isampulu encinci yethishu kwi ithumba ebuchotsheni ukuvavanya phantsi kwe-microscope. Oku kunceda ukumisela uhlobo lwethumba kwaye nokuba lilungile okanye liyingozi na. Iinketho zonyango lweBrain TumorsUnyango lwe amathumba ebuchotsheni kuxhomekeke kwizinto eziliqela, kubandakanywa uhlobo, ubungakanani, indawo, kunye nebakala lethumba, kunye nempilo yomguli ngokubanzi. Iinketho zonyango eziqhelekileyo zibandakanya:UtyandoUtyando luhlala luyindlela yokuqala yonyango olufikelelekayo amathumba ebuchotsheni. Injongo yotyando kukususa ithumba kangangoko kunokwenzeka ngaphandle kokonakalisa izicubu zobuchopho ezijikelezileyo. Ubuchwephesha botyando obuphezulu, obunjengotyando olukhokelwa ngumfanekiso kunye notyando oluncinci, lunokunceda ukuphucula iziphumo kunye nokunciphisa umngcipheko weengxaki.Unyango lweRadiationRadiation lisebenzisa imitha ephezulu yamandla ukubulala. ithumba ebuchotsheni iiseli. Ingasetyenziswa yodwa okanye idibene notyando kunye nechemotherapy. Iindidi zonyango lwemitha ziquka unyango lwemitha lwangaphandle, iradiosurgery stereotactic (umzekelo, iGamma Knife), kunye nebrachytherapy.ChemotherapyChemotherapy isebenzisa amayeza ukubulala iiseli zomhlaza. Inokwenziwa ngomlomo okanye ngemithambo. I-Chemotherapy isoloko isetyenziselwa ukunyanga izifo ezinobungozi amathumba ebuchotsheni, ngakumbi i-gliomas.Targeted TherapyTargeted therapy isebenzisa amachiza ajolise ngokukodwa kwiimpawu ezizodwa zeeseli zomhlaza. La machiza anokunceda ukucothisa ukukhula kwe amathumba ebuchotsheni okanye ubulale iiseli zomhlaza ngaphandle kokwenzakalisa iiseli ezisempilweni. Imizekelo ibandakanya i-bevacizumab (i-Avastin) kunye ne-erlotinib (i-Tarceva).I-ImmunotherapyImmunotherapy isebenzisa amajoni omzimba okulwa nomhlaza. Ingasetyenziselwa ukunyanga iintlobo ezithile ze amathumba ebuchotsheni, njengemelanoma ethe yanwenwela ebuchotsheni. Imizekelo ibandakanya ii-checkpoint inhibitors ezifana ne-pembrolizumab (Keytruda) kunye ne-nivolumab (Opdivo).I-Clinical TrialsUlingo lwezonyango zizifundo zophando ezivavanya unyango olutsha kunyango amathumba ebuchotsheni. Ukuthatha inxaxheba kulingo lweklinikhi kunokunika izigulane ukufikelela kunyango olutsha olungekafumaneki ngokubanzi.I-Prognosis kunye ne-Survival RatesI-prognosis yezigulane ezine- amathumba ebuchotsheni iyahluka ngokuxhomekeke kwizinto ezininzi, kubandakanywa uhlobo kunye nebakala lethumba, ubudala besigulane kunye nempilo yonke, kunye nonyango olufunyenweyo. Amazinga okusinda anokusukela kwiinyanga ezininzi ukuya kwiminyaka emininzi.Nanku umzekelo wedatha yezinga lokusinda kumabakala ahlukeneyo e-astrocytoma (uhlobo lwe-glioma). Qaphela ukuba ezi zibalo eziqhelekileyo kunye neziphumo zomntu ngamnye zinokwahluka: I-Tumor Grade 5-Year Survival Rate (iqikelelo) IBakala I Astrocytoma (Pilocytic Astrocytoma) 80-90% IBakala II Astrocytoma (Diffuse Astrocytoma) 50-70% Grade III Astrocytoma IV% Astrocytoma IV (Anastrocytoma IV) I-Astrocytoma (i-Glioblastoma Multiforme - GBM) 5-10% Umthombo: Idatha evela kwimithombo eyahlukeneyo, kubandakanywa ne-National Cancer Institute (NCI) kunye ne-American Cancer Society (ACS). Ezi ntlawulo ziqikelelo kwaye zinokwahluka ngokusekelwe kwimiba yesigulana ngasinye. ithumba ebuchotsheni kunokuba lucelomngeni, ngokwasemzimbeni nangokweemvakalelo. Amaqela enkxaso, iingcebiso, kunye neenkonzo zokubuyisela kwisimo sangaphambili zinokunceda izigulane kunye neentsapho zazo ukuba zimelane nemingeni amathumba ebuchotsheni. Ukugcina impilo enempilo, kuquka ukutya okunesondlo, umthambo rhoqo, kunye neendlela zokulawula uxinzelelo, kunokuphucula umgangatho wobomi.Amathumba ebuchotsheni ziimeko ezinzima ezifuna ukhathalelo olulodwa. Ukufunyaniswa kwangethuba, ukuxilongwa ngokuchanekileyo, kunye nonyango olufanelekileyo lubalulekile ekuphuculeni iziphumo. Ukuba wena okanye othandekayo uye wafunyaniswa ene-a ithumba ebuchotsheni, kubalulekile ukufuna ukhathalelo kwiqela leengcali ezininzi ezinokubonelela ngeengcebiso zonyango lomntu. Funda ngakumbi malunga nophando lwethu lomhlaza kunye nonyango onokukhetha kulo IZiko loPhando ngoMhlaza laseShandong Baofa.