umhlaza wamabele

Umhlaza wamabele sisifo apho iiseli kwi ibele khula ngaphandle kolawulo. Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo umhlaza wamabele. Uhlobo lwe umhlaza wamabele kuxhomekeke ekubeni zeziphi iiseli kwi ibele ibe ngumhlaza. Ingenzeka kumadoda nakwabasetyhini, kodwa ixhaphake kakhulu kwabasetyhini. Ukufunyaniswa kwangethuba ngokuzivavanya kunye nokuzivavanya, kunye nokuhambela phambili kunyango, kuphucule kakhulu amazinga okusinda. Ukuqonda imingcipheko, iimpawu, kunye nokhetho olukhoyo lubalulekile kwi-proactive ibele impilo.Ukuqonda Umhlaza wamabeleYintoni Umhlaza wamabele?Umhlaza wamabele isuka kwi ibele inyama, ixhaphake kwimibhobho (imibhobho ehambisa ubisi kwingono) okanye i-lobules (amadlala avelisa ubisi). Iiseli ezinomhlaza zinokuhlasela izicubu ezijikelezileyo kwaye zisasazeke (metastasize) kwamanye amalungu omzimba. Iintlobo ze Umhlaza wamabeleIindidi ezahlukeneyo ze umhlaza wamabele zikhona, nganye ineempawu zayo kunye neendlela zonyango. Ezinye iintlobo eziqhelekileyo ziquka: I-Invasive Ductal Carcinoma (IDC): Olona hlobo luxhaphakileyo, luqala kwimibhobho yobisi kwaye lusasazeke ngaphandle kwalo. I-Invasive Lobular Carcinoma (ILC): Iqala kwi-lobules evelisa ubisi kwaye isasazeka kwiithishu ezijikelezileyo. I-Ductal Carcinoma in Situ (DCIS): Iiseli ezingaqhelekanga zifumaneka kwilayini yomjelo wobisi, kodwa azisasazekanga ngaphandle kwawo. Ukukrala Umhlaza wamabele (IBC): Uhlobo olunqabileyo nolunobundlobongela apho iiseli zomhlaza zivala imithambo ye-lymph eluswini ibele. I-Triple-Negative Umhlaza wamabele (TNBC): Iiseli zomhlaza azinayo i-estrogen receptors, i-progesterone receptors, okanye i-HER2 protein. Umhlaza wamabele UmngciphekoNgelixa oyena nobangela woku umhlaza wamabele ayiqondwa ngokupheleleyo, izinto ezithile zonyusa umngcipheko wokuphuhlisa isifo. Ezi ziquka: Ubudala: Umngcipheko uyanda ngokukhula. Imbali yoSapho: Ukuba nesihlobo esisondeleyo (umama, udade, intombi) efunyaniswe inaso umhlaza wamabele. Imfuzo: Utshintsho lwemfuza oluzuzwe njengelifa, olufana ne-BRCA1 kunye ne-BRCA2. Imbali yoBuqu: Ukuba noxilongo lwangaphambili lwe umhlaza wamabele okanye abathile abangenawo umhlaza ibele iimeko. Ukutyeba: Ukutyeba kakhulu okanye ukutyeba, ngakumbi emva kokuyeka ukuya exesheni. Unyango lokuTshintsha iHormone (HRT): Ukusetyenziswa kwexesha elide le-HRT. Ukubonakaliswa kwemitha: Unyango lwangaphambili lwemitha kwindawo yesifuba. Ukusetyenziswa kotywala: Ukusela utywala ngokugqithisileyo.Amaqhinga oThinteloNgelixa kungenakwenzeka ukuphelisa umngcipheko umhlaza wamabele ngokupheleleyo, ukhetho oluthile lwendlela yokuphila kunye namanyathelo okuthintela anokunciphisa umngcipheko: Gcina Ubunzima obusempilweni: Ukuzuza kwaye ugcine ubunzima bomzimba obunempilo ngokutya kunye nokuzilolonga. Ukuzilolonga rhoqo: Yenza umthambo rhoqo. Nciphisa Ukusetyenziswa kotywala: Nciphisa okanye uphelise ukusela utywala. Ukutya okunempilo: Yitya ukutya okutyebileyo ngeziqhamo, imifuno, kunye nokutya okuziinkozo. Ibeleukondla: Ukuba kunokwenzeka, ibelebondle abantwana bakho. Uvavanyo: Landela izikhokelo zovavanyo ezicetyiswayo, kubandakanya i-mammograms kunye neklinikhi ibele iimviwo. Uqhaqho Lokuthintela: Kubasetyhini abasemngciphekweni omkhulu, xoxa ngeendlela zoqhaqho lothintelo ezifana ne-mastectomy okanye i-oophorectomy kunye nogqirha wakho. umhlaza wamabele ibalulekile ekubhaqweni kwangoko. Iimpawu eziqhelekileyo ziquka: Iqhuma elitsha okanye ukujiya kwi ibele okanye indawo engaphantsi kwamakhwapha. Utshintsho kubungakanani, imilo, okanye inkangeleko ye ibele. Ukukhutshwa kwengono (ngaphandle kwe ibele ubisi). Ukuhlehla kwengono (ukujikela ngaphakathi). Utshintsho lwesikhumba kwi ibele, ezifana ne-dimpling, puckering, okanye ukubomvu. Intlungu kwi ibele okanye ingono. Iimvavanyo zokuxilonga kunye neeNkquboUkuba ubona naziphi na iimpawu ezikrokrisayo, kubalulekile ukudibana nogqirha ukuze ahlolwe ngokucokisekileyo. Uvavanyo lokuxilonga lungabandakanya: Kwezonyango Ibele Uviwo: Uvavanyo lomzimba lwe amabele ngumsebenzi wezempilo. IMammogram: Umfanekiso weX-reyi ibele. I-Ultrasound: Isebenzisa amaza esandi ukwenza imifanekiso ye ibele ithishu. I-MRI: Imifanekiso yemagnethi yeresonance inika imifanekiso eneenkcukacha ye ibele. I-Biopsy: Isampulu yethishu iyasuswa kwaye ihlolwe phantsi kwe-microscope ukufumanisa ukuba iiseli zomhlaza zikhona na. Iindidi ezahlukeneyo zebiopsy zikhona (umzekelo, i-naliti ye-biopsy, i-surgical biopsy). Iinketho zonyangoUmhlaza wamabele unyango ludla ngokuba yi-multimodal, ebandakanya indibaniselwano yonyango elungiselelwe uhlobo oluthile kunye nenqanaba lomhlaza. Iziko loPhando ngoMhlaza laseShandong Baofa (https://baofahospital.com) uzibophelele ekuqhubeleni phambili uphando lomhlaza kunye nonyango.Iinketho zotyandoUtyando lwe umhlaza wamabele ziquka: Lumpectomy: Ukususwa kwe-tumor kunye nenani elincinci lezicubu ezijikelezayo. Mastectomy: Ukususwa ngokupheleleyo ibele. Iindidi ezahlukeneyo zikhona, kubandakanywa ukususwa kwesisu esilula, isibeleko esilungisiweyo esilungisiweyo, kunye ne-skin-sparing mastectomy. I-Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy: Ukususwa kwee-lymph nodes ezimbalwa zokuqala apho iiseli zomhlaza kunokwenzeka ukuba zisasazeke. I-Axillary Lymph Node Dissection: Ukususwa kwee-lymph nodes ezininzi kwindawo engaphantsi kwekhwapha.Unyango lweRadiation TherapyRadiation therapy isebenzisa imitha ephezulu yamandla ukubulala iiseli zomhlaza. Ingasetyenziswa emva kotyando ukutshabalalisa naziphi na iiseli zomhlaza eziseleyo.I-ChemotherapyI-Chemotherapy isebenzisa amayeza ukubulala iiseli zomhlaza kuwo wonke umzimba. Inokulawulwa nge-intravenously (ngokusebenzisa umthambo) okanye ngomlomo (njengepilisi). Irejimeni ethile ye-chemotherapy ixhomekeke kuhlobo kunye nenqanaba umhlaza wamabele.Unyango lweHormoneUnyango lweHormone luvala iziphumo zehomoni (i-estrogen kunye neprogesterone) kwiiseli zomhlaza. Isebenza kakuhle kwi-hormone receptor-positive umhlaza wamabele.I-Targeted TherapyTargeted therapy amayeza ajolise kwiiprotheyini ezithile okanye iindlela ezifunekayo iiseli zomhlaza ukuze zikhule kwaye ziphile. Umzekelo, i-HER2-positive umhlaza wamabele inokunyangwa ngamachiza ajolise kwiprotein yeHER2.ImmunotherapyImmunotherapy inceda amajoni omzimba alwe nomhlaza. Lukhetho olutsha lonyango olubonisa isithembiso kwezinye iindidi ze umhlaza wamabele, ingakumbi i-triple-negative umhlaza wamabele.Ukwenziwa kwe Umhlaza wamabeleUmhlaza wamabele lenziwa ngokusekelwe kubukhulu beli thumba, enoba liye lanwenwela kwiilymph nodes, nokuba liye lanwenwela kwamanye amalungu omzimba. I-Staging inceda oogqirha ukuba banqume isicwangciso sonyango esilungileyo kwaye baqikelele i-prognosis. Amanqanaba aqala ku-0 ukuya ku-IV, anezigaba eziphezulu ezibonisa umhlaza ophezulu kakhulu.Amazinga okusinda. umhlaza wamabele ziye zaphucuka kakhulu kule minyaka imbalwa idlulileyo ngenxa yenkqubela phambili yovavanyo kunye nonyango. Umyinge weminyaka emihlanu wokuphila kwabantu basekhaya umhlaza wamabele (umhlaza onganwenwanga ngaphandle ibele) malunga nama-99%. Nangona kunjalo, amazinga okusinda ahluka ngokuxhomekeke kwinqanaba lomhlaza ekuxilongweni, uhlobo lomhlaza, kunye nezinto ezizimeleyo.Itheyibhile ilandelayo ibonisa amazinga okusinda kwiminyaka emi-5 esekelwe kwinqanaba, ngokolwazi oluvela kwi-database ye-SEER yeNational Cancer Institute: Inqanaba le-5-Year Relative Survival Rate Localized (Umhlaza uvalelwe ibele) I-99% yoMmandla (Umhlaza unwenwele kwii-lymph nodes ezikufuphi) 86% Ukude (Umhlaza usasazeke kumalungu akude) 29% Umthombo: I-National Cancer Institute SEER Programme (https://seer.cancer.gov/) Ukuhlala kunye Umhlaza wamabeleA umhlaza wamabele ukuxilongwa kunokuba nzima. Kubalulekile ukufuna inkxaso kusapho, kubahlobo, kumaqela enkxaso, nakubasebenzi bezempilo. Izibonelelo ziyafumaneka ukunceda izigulana ukulawula imingeni yomzimba, yeemvakalelo, kunye nemali umhlaza wamabele.UPhando oluqhubekayo kunye nezikhokelo zexesha elizayoUphando luqhubela phambili ekuqondeni kwethu umhlaza wamabele kunye nokuphuhlisa unyango olutsha nolusebenzayo ngakumbi. Imimandla yophando oluqhubekayo ibandakanya: Ukuphuhlisa iindlela zonyango ezijoliswe kuzo kunye ne-immunotherapies. Ukuphucula iindlela zokubona kwangethuba. Ukuchonga izinto ezintsha zomngcipheko kunye nezicwangciso zokuthintela. Ukwenza unyango olusekelwe kwiimpawu zomntu ngamnye.Umhlaza wamabele sisifo esintsonkothileyo, kodwa ngokuqaphela okwandisiweyo, ukubhaqwa kwangethuba, kunye nokuqhubela phambili kunyango, imbonakalo yezigulane iyaqhubeka ukuphucuka. Ukuhlolwa rhoqo, indlela yokuphila enempilo, kunye nonxibelelwano olusebenzayo kunye nababoneleli bezempilo kubalulekile ibele impilo.