umhlaza kwizintso

Umhlaza Wezintso: Ukuqonda Iindidi, Iimpawu, Ukuxilongwa, kunye noKhetho loNyangoUkuqonda ubunzima bomhlaza wezintso kufuna ukujongwa ngokubanzi kweentlobo zayo ezahlukeneyo, iimpawu, iindlela zokuxilonga, kunye neendlela zonyango ezikhoyo. Esi sikhokelo sijonge ukubonelela ngesixhobo esicacileyo nesinolwazi kwabo bafuna ulwazi malunga nesi sifo sixhaphakileyo.

Iintlobo zoMhlaza wezintso

Umhlaza wezintso, owaziwa ngezonyango njenge-renal cell carcinoma (RCC), ubandakanya iindidi ezininzi, nganye ineempawu ezizodwa kunye noxilongo. Olona hlobo luqhelekileyo yi-cell RCC ecacileyo, ebalwa malunga ne-70-80% yazo zonke iimeko. Ezinye ii-subtypes ezibalulekileyo ziquka i-papillary RCC kunye ne-chromophobe RCC. Ukuqonda uhlobo oluthile lwe umhlaza kwizintso ibalulekile ekumiseleni esona sicwangciso sisebenzayo sonyango. Iziko loPhando ngoMhlaza laseShandong Baofa ([https://www.baofahospital.com/](https://www.baofahospital.com/Shandong Baofa Cancer Research Institute) liziko eliphambili lophando kunye nokunyanga iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zomhlaza wezintso. Ubuchwephesha babo bufikelela kwii-subtypes ezahlukeneyo, ukuqinisekisa ukuba izigulana zifumana ukhathalelo olulungiselelweyo.

Susa iCarcinoma yeSeli yeRenal yeSeli (ccRCC)

Olu lolona hlobo luxhaphakileyo lomhlaza wezintso, odla ngokunxulunyaniswa notshintsho oluthile lwemfuzo. Ukubonakala kwayo phantsi kwe-microscope ibonakala nge-cytoplasm ecacileyo kwiiseli zomhlaza.

I-Papillary Renal Cell Carcinoma (pRCC)

I-Papillary RCC iyahlukaniswa ngepateni yayo yokukhula kwe-papillary, efana neengqikelelo ezincinci, ezifana neminwe. Iphinde yahlelwa ngokodidi loku-1 kunye nohlobo lwesi-2, ngalinye linamazinga ahlukeneyo obundlobongela.

I-Chromophobe Renal Cell Carcinoma (chRCC)

I-Chromophobe RCC lolunye uhlobo olungaxhaphakanga kangako, oluphawulwa ziiseli ezibonakala zikhaphukhaphu ngombala phantsi kwemakroskopu. Ngokuqhelekileyo ine-prognosis ethandeka ngakumbi xa kuthelekiswa ne-RCC yeseli ecacileyo.

Iimpawu zoMhlaza Wezintso

Inqanaba lokuqala umhlaza kwizintso idla ngokuba neempawu ezimbalwa okanye ingabonakali. Nangona kunjalo, njengoko i-tumor ikhula, iimpawu ezininzi zinokuvela. Ezi zinokubandakanya: Igazi kumchamo (hematuria) Igaqa okanye ubunzima kwicala okanye esiswini Iintlungu eziqhubekayo kwicala okanye ngasemva Ukuncipha kobunzima obungachazwanga Ukudinwa Fever Ianemia

Ukuxilongwa komhlaza wezintso

Ukuxilonga umhlaza kwizintso ibandakanya indibaniselwano yovavanyo lomfanekiso kunye ne-biopsies. Iindlela eziqhelekileyo zokuxilonga zibandakanya: I-Ultrasound: Ubuchule bokucinga obungasebenzisiyo obusebenzisa amaza omsindo ukwenza imifanekiso yezintso. I-CT Scan: Uvavanyo lokucinga oluneenkcukacha ngakumbi kusetyenziswa ii-X-reyi ukuvelisa imifanekiso enqamlezileyo yomzimba. I-MRI: Ubuchule bokucinga obunamandla obusebenzisa imagnethi kunye namaza erediyo ukwenza imifanekiso eneenkcukacha ezintso. I-Biopsy: Inkqubo apho isampuli yethishu encinci ikhutshwa kwaye ihlolwe phantsi kwe-microscope ukuqinisekisa ubukho bomhlaza.

Umhlaza Wezintso

Nje ukuba ukuxilongwa komhlaza wezintso kuqinisekisiwe, isiteji siyenziwa ukujonga ubungakanani bokusasazeka komhlaza. Olu lwazi lubalulekile ekukhokheleni izigqibo zonyango. Inkqubo yesiteji ye-TNM isetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo, ngokuqwalasela ubukhulu be-tumor (T), ukubandakanyeka kwe-lymph node (N), kunye ne-metastasis ekude (M).

IiKhetho zoNyango loMhlaza wezintso

Iinketho zonyango ze umhlaza kwizintso ziyahluka ngokuxhomekeke kwinqanaba, uhlobo, kunye nempilo jikelele yesigulane. Iindlela eziqhelekileyo ziquka: Utyando: Ukususwa ngotyando lwezintso (nephrectomy) lukhetho oluphambili lonyango lomhlaza wezintso wendawo. I-nephrectomy engaphelelanga, esusa kuphela inxalenye yomhlaza wezintso, inokuba yinto ekhethiweyo kwiimeko ezithile. Unyango ekujoliswe kulo: La mayeza ajolise kwiiprotheyini ezithile ezibandakanyekayo ekukhuleni komhlaza, ezithintela ngokufanelekileyo uphuhliso lwethumba. Imizekelo ibandakanya i-sunitinib, i-sorafenib, kunye ne- pazopanib. Immunotherapy: Le ndlela yonyango ixhobisa amajoni omzimba ukulwa iiseli zomhlaza. I-Checkpoint inhibitors, njenge-nivolumab kunye ne-ipilimumab, isetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo. Unyango lweRadiation: Unyango lweradiation lusebenzisa imitha ephezulu yamandla ukubulala iiseli zomhlaza. Isenokusetyenziswa kunye nolunye unyango. I-Chemotherapy: Nangona ingasetyenziswanga ngokuqhelekileyo njengonyango oluphambili lomhlaza wezintso, i-chemotherapy inokuba yinto ekhethekileyo kwiimeko ezithile.

Uhlobo loNyango	Inkcazo	Iingenelo	Iingxaki
Utyando	Ukususwa kwezintso okanye inxalenye yomhlaza.	Isebenza kumhlaza wendawo.	Isenokuba neziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezifana neentlungu kunye nosulelo.
Unyango ekujoliswe kulo	Amachiza ajolise kwiiprotheni ezithile zomhlaza.	Ngaba iyancipha amathumba, iphucule ukusinda.	Inokuba neziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezifana nokudinwa kunye noxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu.
Immunotherapy	Ivuselela amajoni omzimba ukulwa umhlaza.	Ingakhokelela kuxolelo lwexesha elide.	Inokuba neziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezifana nokudinwa kunye nokuqhambuka kwesikhumba.

Ukuphila noMhlaza Wezintso

Ukuhlala kunye umhlaza kwizintso luzisa ucelomngeni olukhethekileyo, ngokwasemzimbeni nangokweemvakalelo. Amaqela enkxaso, iingcebiso, kunye nonxibelelwano lwarhoqo kunye nababoneleli ngenkathalo yezempilo lubalulekile ekuhambeni kolu hambo ngokufanelekileyo. I-Shandong Baofa Cancer Research Institute inikezela ngeenkonzo zenkxaso ezibanzi kwizigulane kunye neentsapho zazo.Olu lwazi lujoliswe kwiinjongo zemfundo kuphela kwaye akufanele zithathwe njengengcebiso yezonyango. Soloko udibana nengcali yokhathalelo lwempilo kuyo nayiphi na inkxalabo yezempilo okanye ngaphambi kokuba wenze naziphi na izigqibo ezinxulumene nempilo okanye unyango lwakho. Ulwazi lufumaneka kwiNational Cancer Institute kunye neAmerican Cancer Society. (Nceda uqaphele: Amakhonkco akhethekileyo kule mithombo aya kongezwa apha kuguqulelo lokugqibela.)