umhlaza esibindini

Ukuqonda uMhlaza Wesibindi: Iintlobo, Iimpawu, Ukuxilongwa, kunye noNyango

Umhlaza wesibindi, imeko enzima echaphazela isibindi, ibandakanya iintlobo ezahlukeneyo ezineempawu ezizodwa, iimpawu kunye neendlela zonyango. Esi sikhokelo sibanzi siphonononga imiba eyahlukeneyo ye umhlaza esibindini, ibonelela ngolwazi olubalulekileyo lokuqonda nokulawula okungcono.

Iintlobo zomhlaza wesibindi

I-Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC)

Olona hlobo luqhelekileyo lwe umhlaza esibindini, i-HCC ivela kwiiseli eziphambili zesibindi (hepatocytes). Izinto eziyingozi ziquka ukwasulelwa yihepatitis B okanye C engapheliyo, ukudumba kwesibindi (ukuqhawuka kwesibindi), nokusebenzisa kakubi utywala. Iimpawu zingabandakanya iintlungu zesisu, i-jaundice (ukukhanya kwesikhumba kunye namehlo), kunye nokuncipha kobunzima obungachazwanga. Ukuxilongwa ngokuqhelekileyo kubandakanya iimvavanyo ze-imaging (i-ultrasound, i-CT scan, i-MRI) kunye ne-biopsy yesibindi.

Cholangiocarcinoma

Lo mhlaza ukhula kwimibhobho yenyongo, kwimibhobho ehambisa inyongo ukusuka esibindini ukuya kwi-gallbladder kunye namathumbu amancinci. Imiba yomngcipheko ayiqondwa kakuhle kune-HCC, kodwa ibandakanya iimeko ezithile zofuzo kunye nosulelo lwe-parasitic. Iimpawu zinokuxelisa ezo ze-HCC, kodwa zinokuquka ukurhawuzelelwa kunye nomchamo omnyama. Ukuxilongwa kusebenzisa ubuchule bokucinga okufanayo kunye ne-biopsy.

Ezinye iiCancer zesibindi ezinqabileyo

Ezinye iintlobo ezingaqhelekanga ze umhlaza wesibindi zikhona, kuquka i-angiosarcoma, i-fibrolamellar carcinoma, kunye ne-hepatoblastoma (ichaphazela kakhulu abantwana). Ezi zomhlaza kaninzi iintetho ezizodwa kunye nezicwangciso zonyango.

Iimpawu zomhlaza wesibindi

Inqanaba lokuqala umhlaza esibindini ihlala ibonakalisa ngaphandle kweempawu ezibonakalayo. Njengoko umhlaza uqhubeka, iimpawu zinokubandakanya:

• Ubuhlungu besisu okanye ukungahambi kakuhle
• Ukwehla kobunzima obungachazwanga
• Ukulahlekelwa ngumdla wokutya
• I-Jaundice (ukukhanya kwesikhumba kunye namehlo)
• Ukudumba emilenzeni nasemaqatheni
• Ukudinwa
• Isicaphucaphu kunye nokugabha
• I-Ascites (ukunyuka kolwelo kwisisu)

Kubalulekile ukuba udibane nengcali yezempilo ukuba ufumana nayiphi na kwezi mpawu, ngakumbi ukuba unemingcipheko yoku umhlaza wesibindi.

Ukuxilongwa kunye neSimo soMhlaza wesibindi

Ukuxilonga umhlaza esibindini ibandakanya indibaniselwano yovavanyo, kuquka:

• Uvavanyo lwegazi (uvavanyo lomsebenzi wesibindi, i-alpha-fetoprotein)
• Uvavanyo lomfanekiso (i-ultrasound, i-CT scan, i-MRI, i-angiography)
• I-biopsy yesibindi (uvavanyo lwesampulu yezicubu)

Iqonga limisela ubungakanani bokusasazeka komhlaza, okuphembelela izigqibo zonyango. Iinkqubo zesiteji ezifana ne-Barcelona Clinic ye-Liver Cancer (BCLC) inkqubo yesiteji isetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo.

Iinketho zonyango kuMhlaza wesibindi

Iinketho zonyango ze umhlaza esibindini ziyahluka ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo, isigaba, kunye nempilo jikelele yomntu ngamnye. Iindlela eziqhelekileyo ziquka:

• Uqhaqho (uqhaqho, uqhaqho-fakelo)
• Unyango ngamachiza
• Unyango ngemitha
• Unyango ekujoliswe kulo
• Immunotherapy
• Ukukhutshwa kwemitha (i-radiofrequency ablation, i-microwave ablation)

I IZiko loPhando ngoMhlaza laseShandong Baofa ibonelela ngeendlela zonyango oluphezulu kunye nophando oluphambili kukhathalelo lomhlaza wesibindi. Iqela leengcaphephe ezininzi lisebenza ngokubambisana ukuphuhlisa izicwangciso zonyango ezisekelwe kwiimfuno zomntu ngamnye.

UThintelo kunye nokuFumana kwangethuba

Ngelixa ingezizo zonke iimeko ze umhlaza esibindini ziyathintelwa, ukukhetha indlela yokuphila enempilo kunokunciphisa kakhulu umngcipheko. Ezi ziquka:

• Ugonyo oluchasene ne-hepatitis B
• Ukuphepha ukusela utywala ngokugqithisileyo
• Ukugcina ubunzima obunempilo
• Ukuzilolonga rhoqo
• Ukulandela ukutya okunokulinganisela

Ukuhlolwa rhoqo kubalulekile ekubhaqweni kwangethuba, ngakumbi kubantu abanomngcipheko. Ukuxilongwa kwangaphambili kuphucula kakhulu iziphumo zonyango.

Ulwazi oluthe vetshe kunye neNkxaso

Ngolwazi oluthe vetshe kwi umhlaza esibindini, izibonelelo ziyafumaneka kwi-American Cancer Society kunye neNational Cancer Institute. Amaqela enkxaso kunye nemibutho exhasa izigulane zinika uncedo oluxabisekileyo kwizigulane kunye neentsapho zazo. Soloko udibana nomboneleli wakho wezempilo ukuze ufumane iingcebiso kunye nonyango.