Umhlaza wezintso

Umhlaza wezintso sisifo apho iiseli eziyingozi zenza kwizicubu zezintso. Kubalulekile ukuqonda iindidi ezahlukeneyo ze umhlaza wezintso, iindlela ezikhoyo zokuxilonga, kunye neendlela ezahlukeneyo zonyango zokuphucula iziphumo. Ukufunyaniswa kwangoko kunye nolawulo olufanelekileyo ngundoqo kunyango oluyimpumelelo kunye nokuphucula umgangatho wobomi.Ukuqonda uMhlaza WezintsoUmhlaza wezintso, ekwaziwa ngokuba ngumhlaza wezintso, isuka kwizintso, amalungu amabini amile okwembotyi abekwe kwisisu ahluza inkunkuma ephuma egazini. Olona hlobo luqhelekileyo lwe umhlaza wezintso yi-renal cell carcinoma (RCC), ibalelwa malunga ne-85% yezehlo.Iintlobo zoMhlaza wezintsoIiRenal Cell Carcinoma (RCC): Olona hlobo luxhaphakileyo, olusuka kulwelo lwemibhobho emincinci kwizintso. Iintlobo ezincinci ziquka i-cell RCC ecacileyo, i-papillary RCC, i-chromophobe RCC, kunye nokuqokelela i-RCC ye-duct.I-Transitional Cell Carcinoma (TCC): Ikwaziwa ngokuba yi-urothelial carcinoma, olu hlobo lukhula kulwelwe lwe-renal pelvis, apho umchamo uqokelelana phambi kokuba udlulele esinyini.I-Wilms Tumor: Uhlobo olunqabileyo lwe umhlaza wezintso leyo ngokuyintloko ichaphazela abantwana.I-Renal Sarcoma: Uhlobo olunqabileyo lwe umhlaza wezintso ephuhlayo kwizicubu ezixhumeneyo zezintso.IiFactors Risk for Kidney CancerIzinto ezininzi ezinokonyusa umngcipheko wokukhula umhlaza wezintso. Ezi ziquka:Ukutshaya: Ukusetyenziswa kwecuba ngumngcipheko obalulekileyo.Ukutyeba: Ukutyeba kakhulu okanye ukutyeba kwandisa umngcipheko.Uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu: Uxinzelelo lwegazi lunxulunyaniswa nomngcipheko owongeziweyo.Imbali yoSapho: Ukuba nembali yosapho lwe umhlaza wezintso.Iimeko ezithile zemfuzo: Iimeko ezifana nesifo se-von Hippel-Lindau (VHL), i-tuberous sclerosis, kunye ne-Birt-Hogg-Dubé syndrome.I-Dialysis yexesha elide: Izigulane eziphantsi kwe-dialysis yexesha elide ngenxa yokungaphumeleli kwezintso.Ukuvezwa kwiMichiza ethile: Ezinje nge asbestos, cadmium, kunye ne trichlorethylene. Ukuxilongwa koMhlaza Wezintso Ukufunyaniswa kwangoko umhlaza wezintso lubalulekile kunyango olusebenzayo. Iindlela zokuxilonga zibandakanya indibaniselwano yeemviwo zomzimba, iimvavanyo zokucinga, kunye ne-biopsies.Uvavanyo loMzimba kunye neMbali yezoNyango: Ugqirha uya kuvavanya impilo jikelele kwaye abuze malunga neempawu kunye nezinto ezinobungozi.Uvavanyo lomfanekiso: CT Scan: Inika imifanekiso ecacileyo yezintso kunye nezicubu ezijikelezileyo. I-MRI: Isebenzisa umhlaba wemagnethi ukwenza imifanekiso eneenkcukacha. I-Ultrasound: Isebenzisa amaza esandi ukwenza imifanekiso. X-reyi: Iyakwazi ukubona izinto ezingaqhelekanga kwizintso. I-Biopsy: Kubandakanya ukususa isampulu yethishu encinci kuvavanyo lwe-microscopic ukuqinisekisa ubukho beeseli zomhlaza.Uvavanyo lomchamo: Iyakwazi ukubona igazi okanye ezinye izinto ezingaqhelekanga kumchamo.Uvavanyo lwegazi: Ukuvavanya ukusebenza kwezintso kunye nempilo iyonke.Ukhetho loNyango lweZintso Unyango lweCancer umhlaza wezintso kuxhomekeke kwinqanaba kunye nebakala lomhlaza, kunye nempilo yonke yesigulana. Okukhethwa kukho kunokubandakanya utyando, unyango olujoliswe kuyo, unyango lwe-immunotherapy, unyango lweradiation, kunye nechemotherapy.I-Radical Nephrectomy: Ukususwa kwezintso zonke, i-adrenal gland, kunye nezicubu ezijikelezileyo.I-Nephrectomy engaphelelanga: Ukususwa kwethumba kuphela kunye nomda omncinci wezicubu eziphilileyo. Ihlala ikhethwa kumathumba amancinci okanye xa kugcinwe ukusebenza kwezintso kubalulekile.I-Nephroureterectomy: Ukususwa kwezintso kunye ne-ureter, ngokuqhelekileyo kwi-transitional cell carcinoma.I-Targeted TherapyTargeted therapy amayeza asebenza ngokujolisa iimolekyuli ezithile ezibandakanyekayo ekukhuleni kweeseli zomhlaza kunye nokuphila. Iindlela zonyango ezijoliswe kuzo eziqhelekileyo umhlaza wezintso ziquka:I-VEGF Inhibitors: Ezinje nge-sunitinib (Sutent), sorafenib (Nexavar), pazopanib (Votrient), axitinib (Inlyta), kunye ne-cabozantinib (Cabometyx). La machiza athintela ukukhula kwemithambo yegazi emitsha esondla ithumba.I-mTOR Inhibitors: Njenge temsirolimus (Torisel) kunye ne-everolimus (Afinitor). La machiza avimba iprotheni ye-mTOR, elawula ukukhula kweeseli kunye nokwanda. Amachiza aqhelekileyo e-immunotherapy for umhlaza wezintso ziquka:I-PD-1 Inhibitors: Njenge nivolumab (Opdivo) kunye pembrolizumab (Keytruda). La machiza avimba iprotein yePD-1, enceda iiseli zomhlaza ukuba zibaleke amajoni omzimba.I-CTLA-4 Inhibitors: Njenge-ipilimumab (Yervoy). Eli chiza lithintela iprotheyini ye-CTLA-4, enceda ukuvuselela amajoni omzimba.I-Interleukin-2 (IL-2): I-cytokine ekhuthaza ukukhula kunye nomsebenzi weeseli zokuzivikela.Ezinye iiKhetho zoNyangoUnyango ngemitha: Isebenzisa imitha ephezulu yamandla ukubulala iiseli zomhlaza. Ingasetyenziselwa ukunciphisa amathumba okanye ukukhulula iimpawu.Unyango ngamachiza: Usebenzisa iziyobisi ukubulala iiseli zomhlaza. Isetyenziswa kancinci kwi umhlaza wezintso xa kuthelekiswa neminye imihlaza.Iindlela zokuXhobisa: Okufana ne-radiofrequency ablation (RFA) kunye ne-cryoablation, esebenzisa ubushushu okanye ukubanda ukutshabalalisa iiseli zethumba. umhlaza wezintso inokubonisa imingeni emininzi, kodwa ngenkxaso efanelekileyo kunye nezicwangciso zokulawula, izigulane zinokugcina umgangatho wobomi obuhle. Oku kubandakanya ukulawula iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zonyango, ukugcina indlela yokuphila esempilweni, kunye nokufuna inkxaso ngokwasemoyeni nasengqondweni.Ukulawula iziphumo ebezingalindelekangaUnyango umhlaza wezintso kunokubangela iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezahlukeneyo. Ezi zinto zinokulawulwa ngamayeza, utshintsho kwindlela yokuphila, kunye nenkxaso yenkxaso. Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga eziqhelekileyo kunye nezicwangciso zolawulo ziquka:Ukudinwa: Ukuphumla, ukwenza umthambo rhoqo, nokutya okufanelekileyo.Isicaphucaphu kunye nokugabha: Amayeza okulwa nesicaphucaphu kunye nohlengahlengiso lokutya.Iingxaki zolusu: Iikhrimu zezihloko kunye nokuphepha iikhemikhali ezinzima.Uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu: Amayeza kunye nokutshintsha kwendlela yokuphila, njengokutya kwe-sodium ephantsi kunye nokuzivocavoca rhoqo.Urhudo: Amayeza okulwa nesifo sorhudo kunye nohlengahlengiso lokutya. Inkathalo yokulandelela Ukuqeshwa rhoqo kokulandelela kubalulekile ukubeka iliso lokuphindaphinda nokulawula naziphi na iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zexesha elide. Olu qeshwa lubandakanya iimviwo zomzimba, iimvavanyo zemifanekiso, kunye novavanyo lwegazi.Ikamva le-Kidney Cancer TreatmentUphando luqhubela phambili ukuqonda kunye nonyango lwe. umhlaza wezintso. Unyango olutsha, olufana nonyango olujoliswe kwinoveli kunye ne-immunotherapies, luyaphuhliswa kwaye luvavanywe kwizilingo zeklinikhi. Iindlela amayeza ezenzelwe wena, ezilungelelanisa unyango kwiprofayili yemfuza yesigulana kunye neempawu zethumba, nazo zibonisa isithembiso. Kwizigulane ezinomdla kwiinketho zonyango ezinqamlekileyo, i IZiko loPhando ngoMhlaza laseShandong Baofa uzinikele ekuqaliseni imida emitsha kuphando lomhlaza kunye nonyango. I-Baofa Cancer Research Institute izimisele ukubonelela ngenkqubela phambili yamva nje umhlaza wezintso inkathalo, ukunika ithemba kunye neziphumo eziphuculweyo kwizigulane kwihlabathi jikelele.IiNtuthuko zamva njeUvavanyo lweklinikhi: Ukuthatha inxaxheba kulingo lwezonyango kunokubonelela ngofikelelo kunyango olutsha nolwenziwayo.Iyeza elenzelwe wena: Ukulungelelanisa unyango olusekelwe kwiimpawu zesigulane ngasinye.UbuChwepheshe obuHlangeneyo kancinci: Ukunciphisa umonzakalo wotyando kunye nexesha lokuchacha. umhlaza wezintso ibalulekile ekumiseleni eyona ndlela yonyango. Inqanaba libonisa ubungakanani bomhlaza kunye nokuba unwenwele na kwamanye amalungu omzimba. Apha ngezantsi kukho isishwankathelo esenziwe lula samanqanaba:InqanabaIiNkcazoInqanabaIithumba yi-7cm okanye ngaphantsi ububanzi kwaye ivalelwe kwizintso.Inqanaba IIIthumba likhulu kuno-7 cm ububanzi kwaye lisavalelwe kwizintso.Inqanaba IIIIthumba linwenwele ngaphaya kwezintso ukuya kwizicubu ezingqongileyo okanye iilymph nodes ezikufutshane.Inqanaba le-IVUmhlaza usasazeke kwiindawo ezikude zobuchopho, njengethambo lobuchopho.Qaphela: Olu lushwankathelo olwenziwe lula. Iqonga elichanekileyo kufuneka ligqitywe ngumsebenzi wezempilo.UkuqukumbelaUmhlaza wezintso sisifo esimandundu, kodwa ngokuhambela phambili ekuxilongweni nasekunyangweni, izigulane zinethuba elingcono lokusinda kunye nokuphucula umgangatho wobomi. Ukufunyaniswa kwangoko, ukuqonda iindlela ezahlukeneyo zonyango, kunye nokugcina impilo esempilweni ngundoqo kulawulo oluyimpumelelo umhlaza wezintso.