ukhetho lonyango lomhlaza wemiphunga

Iinketho Zonyango Lomhlaza Wemiphunga: ISikhokelo esiBanzi Ukhetho lonyango lomhlaza wamaLung luyohluka kakhulu ngokuxhomekeke kwizinto ezininzi, kubandakanywa uhlobo kunye nenqanaba lomhlaza, impilo yesigulana iyonke, kunye nezinto ozikhethayo. Esi sikhokelo sinika amagqabantshintshi aneenkcukacha zonyango olukhoyo, sikunceda uqonde ukhetho kunye neengqwalasela ezibandakanyekayo ekwenzeni izigqibo ezizizo.

Ukuqonda amanqanaba omhlaza wemiphunga kunye neentlobo

Phambi kokuxoxa ngokhetho lonyango, kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuba umhlaza wemiphunga ayisosifo esinye. Iindidi ezahlukeneyo zomhlaza wemiphunga (umzekelo, umhlaza wemiphunga we-cell ongewona omncinci (NSCLC) kunye nomhlaza wemiphunga omncinci weseli (SCLC)) ziziphatha ngendlela eyahlukileyo kwaye zifuna iindlela zonyango ezahlukileyo. Ngaphaya koko, inqanaba lomhlaza (I-IV, ebonisa ubungakanani bokusasazeka) linempembelelo enkulu ekukhetheni unyango. Inkqubo yeqonga ibandakanya iimvavanyo ezahlukeneyo, kubandakanywa ukuskena umfanekiso kunye ne-biopsies, ukufumanisa indawo echanekileyo kunye nobungakanani bomhlaza. Iqonga elichanekileyo libalulekile ekucwangciseni eyona nto isebenzayo ukhetho lonyango lomhlaza wemiphunga.

Umhlaza weMiphunga yeSeli engeNcinci (NSCLC)

I-NSCLC ithatha malunga ne-85% yawo wonke umhlaza wemiphunga. Iinketho zonyango lwe-NSCLC ziyahluka ngokuxhomekeke kwinqanaba: Inqanaba lakwa-NSCLC (Amanqanaba I-IIIA): Utyando, oluhlala ludityaniswa ne-adjuvant chemotherapy okanye i-radiotherapy, luhlala lunyango oluphambili. Ubuchwephesha botyando obungenelelayo buhlala busetyenziswa ukunciphisa ixesha lokubuyisela kunye neengxaki. I-NSCLC yalapha ekhaya (iNqanaba IIIB): Unyango lunokubandakanya indibaniselwano yechemotherapy, unyango ngemitha, kunye notyando olunokubakho. Unyango ekujoliswe kulo lunokuqwalaselwa kwakhona ukuba ithumba lineenguqu ezithile zofuzo. I-Metastatic NSCLC (Inqanaba IV): Unyango lujolise ekulawuleni iimpawu, ukuphucula umgangatho wobomi, kunye nokwandisa ubomi. Izinketho ziquka i-chemotherapy, unyango olujoliswe kuyo, i-immunotherapy, kunye nokunakekelwa kwenkxaso.

Umhlaza weMiphunga yeSeli encinci (SCLC)

I-SCLC luhlobo olundlongondlongo ngakumbi lomhlaza wemiphunga. Unyango ludla ngokubandakanya ichemotherapy, ehlala idityaniswa nonyango lwemitha, ngakumbi kwiSCLC yenqanaba elilinganiselweyo. I-Immunotherapy inokudlala indima kwezinye iimeko.

Engundoqo IiNdlela zokuNyangwa koMhlaza wemiphunga

Iindlela ezininzi zonyango ezingundoqo ziyafumaneka ukhetho lonyango lomhlaza wemiphunga:

Utyando

Utyando lujolise ekususeni ithumba lomhlaza kunye nezicubu ezingqongileyo. Kukho iindlela ezahlukeneyo zotyando, ezifana ne-lobectomy (ukususwa kwe-lung lobe), i-pneumonectomy (ukususwa komphunga uphela), kunye ne-wedge resection (ukususwa kwecandelo elincinane lethishu yemiphunga). Ukukhethwa kotyando kuxhomekeke kubukhulu kunye nendawo ye-tumor, kunye nempilo yonke yesigulane.

Unyango ngamachiza

I-Chemotherapy isebenzisa amayeza ukubulala iiseli zomhlaza. Isenokusetyenziswa yodwa okanye kudityaniswe nolunye unyango, olufana notyando okanye unyango ngemitha. Irejimeni ethile ye-chemotherapy iya kulungelelaniswa nohlobo kunye nenqanaba lomhlaza. Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zinokwahluka kodwa zihlala zibandakanya ukudinwa, isicaphucaphu, nokulahleka kweenwele.

Unyango ngemitha

Unyango ngemitha lusebenzisa imitha yemitha ephezulu ukutshabalalisa iiseli zomhlaza. Ingasetyenziselwa ukucutha amathumba phambi kotyando, ukubulala iiseli zomhlaza emva kotyando (i-adjuvant radiation therapy), okanye ukuthomalalisa iimpawu zomhlaza wenqanaba eliphezulu (unyango lonyango lweradiation).

Unyango ekujoliswe kulo

Unyango ekujoliswe kulo lusebenzisa amachiza enzelwe ukujolisa ngokukodwa kwiiseli zomhlaza ezinotshintsho oluthile lwemfuza. Le ndlela inciphisa ingozi kwiiseli ezisempilweni, ezinokukhokelela kwiziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezimbalwa xa kuthelekiswa nechemotherapy yesintu.

Immunotherapy

I-Immunotherapy idibanisa amajoni omzimba ukulwa nomhlaza. Isebenza ngokuvuselela amajoni omzimba ukuba aqaphele kwaye ahlasele iiseli zomhlaza. I-Immunotherapy ibonise isithembiso esibalulekileyo ekunyangeni iintlobo ezininzi zomhlaza wemiphunga, ngakumbi i-NSCLC.

Ukhathalelo lweNkxaso

Ukhathalelo oluxhasayo lujolise ekulawuleni iimpawu kunye nokuphucula umgangatho wobomi besigulane kuyo yonke inkqubo yonyango. Oku kunokubandakanya ukulawulwa kweentlungu, inkxaso yesondlo, kunye nokucetyiswa ngokweemvakalelo. Nge IZiko loPhando ngoMhlaza laseShandong Baofa, sinikezela ngononophelo lwenkxaso olubanzi ukunyusa impilo-ntle yesigulana.

Ukukhetha iSicwangciso soNyango esiLungileyo

Ukukhetha eyona ifanelekileyo ukhetho lonyango lomhlaza wemiphunga kufuna ukuba kuqwalaselwe ngenyameko iinkalo ezahlukahlukeneyo. Iqela leengcali ezininzi zonyango, kubandakanywa i-oncologists, oogqirha botyando, i-radiologists, kunye nezinye iingcali, baya kusebenza kunye ukuphuhlisa isicwangciso sonyango esijongene neemfuno kunye neemeko ezizodwa zesigulana. Unxibelelwano oluvulekileyo phakathi kwesigulana kunye neqela labo lokhathalelo lwempilo lubalulekile ekwenzeni izigqibo ezizizo.

Iingqwalasela ezibalulekileyo

Kubalulekile ukuxoxa ngazo zonke ezikhoyo ukhetho lonyango lomhlaza wemiphunga kunye neqela lakho lokhathalelo lwempilo kunye nokuqonda iingenelo ezinokubakho, iingozi, kunye neziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zonyango ngalunye. Ulwazi olunikelwe apha lololwazi ngokubanzi kwaye akufuneki luthathelwe ingqalelo njengengcebiso yezonyango. Ngalo lonke ixesha ufune iingcebiso zoogqirha kuzo naziphi na iinkxalabo zempilo. Khumbula, ukufunyaniswa kwangoko ngundoqo. Ukuhlolwa rhoqo kunye nonyango olukhawulezileyo lubalulekile kwiziphumo ezingcono.