unyango umhlaza kwizintso

Iinketho zonyango lweKidney Cancer Umhlaza weKidney, ngokukodwa i-renal cell carcinoma (RCC), yimeko enzima efuna ukuqwalaselwa ngononophelo ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo. iindlela zonyango. Eli nqaku libonelela ngamagqabantshintshi ngonyango olukhoyo, likunceda uqonde izinto ezibandakanyekayo ekukhetheni indlela eyiyo kwimeko yakho. Siza kuphonononga ukhetho lotyando, unyango ekujoliswe kulo, unyango lwe-immunotherapy, kunye nonyango lweradiation, sigxininisa ukubaluleka kweyeza lomntu ukunyanga umhlaza kwizintso.

Ukuqonda uMhlaza Wezintso

Umhlaza wezintso uvela kwiiseli zezintso. Olona hlobo luxhaphakileyo yi-renal cell carcinoma (RCC), ephuma kulwelwe lwemibhobho yezintso. Ezinye iintlobo ezinqabileyo ziquka i-transitional cell carcinoma (echaphazela i-renal pelvis kunye ne-ureter) kunye ne-nephroblastoma (i-Wilms' tumor), eyenzeka kakhulu ebantwaneni. Ukufunyaniswa kwangethuba kubalulekile ukuze uphumelele unyango lomhlaza kwizintso, njengoko i-prognosis ingcono kakhulu kwiincinci ezincinci, zasekhaya. Iimpawu zinokubandakanya igazi kumchamo (hematuria), iqhuma esiswini, iintlungu eziqhubekayo kwicala okanye ngasemva, ukudinwa, ukwehla kobunzima obungalindelekanga, kunye nomkhuhlane. Ukuba ufumana nayiphi na yezi zinto, qhagamshelana nogqirha wakho ngokukhawuleza ukuxilongwa ngokufanelekileyo kunye nokulawula.

Iindlela zonyango loMhlaza wezintso

Ukhetho lwe unyango lomhlaza kwizintso kuxhomekeke kwizinto eziliqela, kuquka uhlobo nenqanaba lomhlaza, impilo yomguli ngokubanzi, nezinto azikhethayo. Unyango oluqhelekileyo luquka:

Utyando

Utyando luhlala lolona nyango luphambili kumhlaza wezintso wasekhaya. Zininzi iindlela zotyando ezikhoyo, eziquka: I-Nephrectomy engaphelelanga: Le nkqubo isusa kuphela indawo enomhlaza kwizintso, igcina inyama esempilweni kangangoko. I-Radical Nephrectomy: Oku kubandakanya ukususa yonke intso, kunye ne-lymph nodes ezikufutshane kunye nezicubu ezinamafutha. I-Laparoscopic okanye i-Robotic Surgery: Ubuchule obuncinci obungenabuncinci obunika iincinci ezincinci, ukunciphisa intlungu, kunye namaxesha okubuyisela ngokukhawuleza.Ukukhethwa kwendlela yokuhlinzwa kuxhomekeke kubukhulu, indawo, kunye neempawu ze-tumor, kunye nempilo yonke yesigulane.

Unyango ekujoliswe kulo

Unyango olujoliswe kuyo lujolise kwiimolekyuli ezithile ezibandakanyekayo ekukhuleni komhlaza kunye nophuhliso. La mayeza aphazamisa ukukwazi ukukhula nokwahlula kweeseli zomhlaza. Imizekelo yonyango ekujoliswe kuyo esetyenziswa kwi unyango lomhlaza wezintso ziquka i-sunitinib, i-sorafenib, i- pazopanib, kunye ne-axitinib. Ezi zihlala zisetyenziswa emva kotyando okanye umhlaza wezintso okwinqanaba eliphezulu.

Immunotherapy

I-Immunotherapy isebenzisa amandla amajoni omzimba okulwa nomhlaza. Olu nyango lujolise ekukhuliseni amandla amajoni omzimba okuqaphela kwaye atshabalalise iiseli zomhlaza. Amachiza amaninzi e-immunotherapy, kubandakanywa i-checkpoint inhibitors (efana ne-nivolumab kunye ne-pembrolizumab), avunyelwe ukunyanga umhlaza wezintso ophezulu. Bahlala bezisa iziphumo ezimangalisayo kodwa baneziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezifuna ukubekwa esweni ngononophelo.

Unyango ngemitha

Unyango ngemitha isebenzisa imitha ephezulu yamandla ukonakalisa nokubulala iiseli zomhlaza. Ngokuqhelekileyo ayilonyango oluphambili lomhlaza wezintso kodwa lunokusetyenziswa kwiimeko ezithile, ezifana nokhathalelo lokuthomalalisa ukuthomalalisa iintlungu okanye iimpawu zokulawula kwisifo esikwinqanaba eliphezulu okanye ngaphambi kotyando lokunciphisa ithumba.

Iimvavanyo zeklinikhi

Ukuthatha inxaxheba kulingo lwezonyango kunika ufikelelo kunyango olutsha olusephantsi kophando. Olu lingo lunokubonelela ngeendlela ezintsha ezithembisayo ukunyanga umhlaza kwizintso, kunye nokuthatha inxaxheba kunokuncedisa ukuqhubela phambili kuphando lomhlaza. Izigulane eziqwalasela iimvavanyo zeklinikhi kufuneka zivavanye ngononophelo iindlela zokufaneleka kwaye zixoxe ngeengozi kunye neenzuzo kunye nogqirha wabo.

Ukukhetha iNdlela yoNyango oluLungileyo

Ukukhetha eyona ifanelekileyo unyango lomhlaza kwizintso ibandakanya indlela yokusebenzisana phakathi kwesigulana kunye neqela labo lezempilo. Izinto ezithathelwa ingqalelo ziquka:| Umba | Inkcazo ||------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Inqanaba loMhlaza | Ubungakanani bokusasazeka komhlaza (inqanaba I-IV) lichaphazela kakhulu ukhetho lonyango. | Iimpawu zeTumor | Ubungakanani, indawo, kunye nohlobo lweseli yomhlaza luchaphazela utyando kunye nolunye ukhetho. | Impilo Yesigulane | Inqanaba lempilo kunye nokomelela lilonke lichaphazela unyamezelo kunyango olwahlukeneyo. | Izinto ozikhethayo | Ukukhethwa kwesigulana kunye nemilinganiselo yimiba ebalulekileyo ekuthathweni kwezigqibo ekwabelwanayo. |

Itheyibhile 1: Izinto eziphembelela uKhetho loNyango lweZintso

Izibonelelo ezingaphaya kunye neNkxaso

Ukufumana ulwazi oluthe kratya kunye nenkxaso malunga nomhlaza wezintso, unokuhlola imibutho ethembekileyo njengeZiko leSizwe loMhlaza (NCI) (https://www.cancer.gov/kunye ne-American Cancer Society (ACS) (https://www.cancer.org/). Khumbula, ukufunyaniswa kwangethuba kunye nokungenelela ngexesha ngundoqo ekusebenzeni unyango lomhlaza kwizintso. Soloko udibana nomboneleli wakho wezempilo ukuze ufumane iingcebiso nesikhokelo. Kunyango oluphezulu kunye nophando, cinga ngokujonga izibonelelo ezikhoyo IZiko loPhando ngoMhlaza laseShandong Baofa. Banikezela ngezisombululo ezibukhali kunye nokhathalelo olubanzi kwizigulana ezifuna ukuqhubela phambili iindlela zonyango.