unyango umhlaza kwizintso

IiKhetho zoNyango loMhlaza wezintso

Umhlaza wezintso, ngokukodwa i-renal cell carcinoma (RCC), ifuna indlela eneenkalo ezininzi kunyango. Elona nyathelo lilungileyo lixhomekeke kwizinto ezininzi, kubandakanya uhlobo kunye nenqanaba lomhlaza, impilo yesigulana iyonke, kunye nezinto ezikhethwa ngumntu. Esi sikhokelo sibanzi siphonononga ezahlukeneyo unyango umhlaza kwizintso iinketho, kukunceda uqonde okunokwenzeka kwaye wenze izigqibo ezinolwazi.

Ukuqonda uMhlaza Wezintso kunye nezigaba zawo

Iintlobo zoMhlaza wezintso

Kukho iintlobo ezininzi zomhlaza wezintso, kwaye i-renal cell carcinoma yeyona ixhaphakileyo. Ukuqonda uhlobo oluthile kubalulekile ekumiseleni olona lusebenzayo unyango umhlaza kwizintso. Ezinye iintlobo ezingaqhelekanga ziquka i-transitional cell carcinoma kunye nephroblastoma (ithumba leWilms). I-oncologist yakho iya kuqhuba iimvavanyo ukufumanisa uhlobo oluchanekileyo kunye nenqanaba lomhlaza wakho wezintso.

Umhlaza Wezintso

Iqonga lichaza ubungakanani bokunwenwa komhlaza. Inqanaba lomhlaza wezintso lisebenzisa inkqubo (eqhelekile ukubonwa kwe-TNM) ukuvavanya ubungakanani bethumba, indawo, kunye nokusasazeka kwii-lymph nodes ezikufutshane okanye amalungu akude. Umhlaza wezintso okwinqanaba lakwangoko uhlala ufumaneka kwindawo, ngelixa amanqanaba aphezulu anokubandakanya i-metastasis. Iqonga linempembelelo enkulu unyango umhlaza kwizintso iqhinga.

IiKhetho zoNyango loMhlaza wezintso

Utyando

Utyando luphambili unyango umhlaza kwizintso kumhlaza wezintso wendawo. Kukho iindlela ezininzi zotyando, kuquka i-nephrectomy engaphelelanga (ukususa kuphela inxalenye yomhlaza kwizintso) kunye ne-radical nephrectomy (ukususa izintso zonke). Ukhetho luxhomekeke kwizinto ezifana nobukhulu bethumba, indawo, kunye nokusebenza kwezintso ngokubanzi. Ubuchwephesha botyando obungenelelayo obuncinci, obufana ne-laparoscopy okanye utyando oluncediswa yirobhothi, bahlala bekhethwa ngenxa yexesha labo elincitshisiweyo lokuchacha kunye namanxeba. Iziko loPhando ngoMhlaza laseShandong Baofa (https://www.baofahospital.com/) ibonelela ngezixhobo zotyando ezikumgangatho ophezulu kunye noogqirha abanamava.

Unyango ekujoliswe kulo

Amachiza onyango ekujoliswe kuwo agxile kwiimolekyuli ezithile ezibandakanyekayo ekukhuleni komhlaza. La mayeza anokunceda ukucutha amathumba okanye acothise ukuqhubeka kwawo. Iindlela ezininzi zonyango ekujoliswe kuzo ziyafumaneka kumhlaza wezintso ophezulu, odla ngokusetyenziswa ngokudityaniswa nolunye unyango. Imizekelo ibandakanya i-sunitinib, pazopanib, kunye ne-bevacizumab. Ugqirha wakho uya kuqwalasela uhlobo oluthile lomhlaza kunye neempawu xa ukhetha unyango olujoliswe kuyo.

Immunotherapy

I-Immunotherapy idibanisa amajoni omzimba ukulwa nomhlaza. I-Checkpoint inhibitors, njenge-nivolumab kunye ne-pembrolizumab, ziqhele ukusetyenziswa ukunyanga umhlaza wezintso, ngakumbi izigaba eziphambili. La machiza asebenza ngokuthintela iiproteni ezithintela amajoni omzimba ekuhlaseleni iiseli zomhlaza. I-Immunotherapy inokubonelela ngeenzuzo ezibalulekileyo kwezinye iimeko, kodwa ithwala nemiphumo enokubakho.

Unyango ngamachiza

I-Chemotherapy, ngelixa ingasetyenziswa rhoqo njengonyango oluphambili kumhlaza wezintso xa kuthelekiswa notyando, unyango olujoliswe kuyo, kunye ne-immunotherapy, inokudlala indima ekulawuleni izifo eziphakamileyo okanye kwiimeko ezithile. Isebenzisa iziyobisi ukubulala iiseli zomhlaza ezahlulahlula ngokukhawuleza.

Unyango ngemitha

Unyango ngemitha lusebenzisa imitha yemitha ephezulu ukutshabalalisa iiseli zomhlaza. Isenokusetyenziselwa ukuthomalalisa iimpawu kwiimeko ezihambele phambili okanye ngokudityaniswa nolunye unyango, olunje phambi kotyando lokunciphisa ithumba.

Iimvavanyo zeklinikhi

Ukuthatha inxaxheba kulingo lwezonyango kunika ufikelelo kunyango olutsha olungekafumaneki ngokubanzi. Ulingo lwezonyango lubalulekile ekuqhubeleni phambili unyango umhlaza kwizintso kunye nokuphucula iziphumo zesigulane. Kuyacetyiswa ukuba uxoxe ngeendlela zolingo lwezonyango kunye ne-oncologist yakho.

Ukukhetha iSicwangciso soNyango esiLungileyo

Ukukhetha eyona ilungileyo unyango umhlaza kwizintso isicwangciso yinkqubo yentsebenziswano phakathi kwesigulana kunye neqela labo lokhathalelo lwempilo. Ziliqela izinto ezithathelwa ingqalelo, kuquka:

• Uhlobo kunye nenqanaba lomhlaza wezintso
• Inqanaba lempilo kunye nokomelela lilonke
• Izinto ozikhethayo kunye nezinto ezixabisekileyo
• Iinzuzo ezinokwenzeka kunye nobungozi bokhetho ngalunye lonyango

Unxibelelwano oluvulekileyo nogqirha wakho lubalulekile ekwenzeni isigqibo esinolwazi.

Ukulandelela Unonophelo

Ukuqeshwa okuthe gqolo kokulandelela kubalulekile emva koko unyango umhlaza kwizintso ukubeka esweni ukuphindaphinda okanye iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga. Oku kuqeshwa kudla ngokubandakanya iskeni kunye novavanyo lwegazi.

I-Disclaimer: Le ngcaciso yenzelwe iinjongo zemfundo kuphela kwaye akufanele ithathwe njengengcebiso yezonyango. Soloko udibana nengcali yokhathalelo lwempilo kuyo nayiphi na inkxalabo yezempilo okanye ngaphambi kokuba wenze naziphi na izigqibo ezinxulumene nempilo okanye unyango lwakho.