ukwelashwa komdlavuza wamaphaphu i-adenocarcinoma

I-Adenocarcinoma uhlobo oluvame kakhulu lomdlavuza wamaphaphu. Izinketho zokwelapha zincike ezicini eziningana, okuhlanganisa isigaba somdlavuza, impilo yesiguli iyonke, kanye nezinto ezithandwa umuntu. Lo mhlahlandlela unikeza umbono oningiliziwe wezinhlobonhlobo ukwelashwa komdlavuza wamaphaphu i-adenocarcinoma izinketho ezitholakalayo, ezinikeza ukuqonda ngokusebenza kwazo kanye nemiphumela engemihle engaba khona.Ukuqonda i-Adenocarcinoma Umdlavuza WamaphaphuIyini i-Adenocarcinoma?I-Adenocarcinoma wuhlobo lomdlavuza wamaphaphu ongewona omncane (NSCLC) oqala kumaseli endlala akhiqiza amafinyila emaphashini. Ngokuvamile kwenzeka ezindaweni ezingaphandle zamaphaphu. Ukuxilongwa kusenesikhathi kubalulekile ukuze kuphumelele ukwelashwa komdlavuza wamaphaphu i-adenocarcinoma. I I-Shandong Baofa Cancer Research Institute uzibophezele ekuthuthukiseni ukuqonda kanye nokwelashwa kwalesi sifo esiyinkimbinkimbi.Izici Eziyingozi Ze-AdenocarcinomaNakuba ukubhema kuyisici esiyingozi esiyinhloko ezinhlotsheni eziningi zomdlavuza wamaphaphu, i-adenocarcinoma ibonakala kakhulu kubantu abangabhemi kunezinye izinhlobo. Ezinye izici eziyingozi zihlanganisa: Ukuchayeka egesini ye-radon Ukuchayeka ku-asbestos Umlando womndeni womdlavuza wamaphaphu Ukungcoliswa komoya Ukuxilongwa kanye Nesigaba Se-AdenocarcinomaIzivivinyo zokuxilongaIzivivinyo eziningi zisetshenziselwa ukuxilonga i-adenocarcinoma, okuhlanganisa: I-X-ray yesifuba: Inikeza isithombe sokuqala samaphaphu. I-CT Scan: Idala izithombe ezinemininingwane yamaphaphu nezicubu ezizungezile. I-PET Scan: Isiza ukukhomba izindawo zokukhula komsebenzi we-metabolic, okubonisa umdlavuza ongaba khona. I-Bronchoscopy: Ivumela odokotela ukuthi babone ngeso lengqondo imigudu yomoya futhi baqoqe amasampula ezicubu. I-Biopsy: Isampula yethishu ihlolwa ngesibonakhulu ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuxilongwa.I-Staging AdenocarcinomaStaging isiza ukunquma izinga lomdlavuza kanye nomhlahlandlela. ukwelashwa komdlavuza wamaphaphu i-adenocarcinoma. Isiteji sisekelwe kulokhu: T (Isimila): Ubukhulu kanye nendawo yesimila esiyinhloko. N (Amanodi): Ukuthi umdlavuza ususabalele kuma-lymph nodes aseduze. I-M (i-Metastasis): Ukuthi umdlavuza ususabalele ezithweni ezikude.Izigaba zisukela ku-Stage 0 (cancer in situ) kuya ku-Stage IV (metastatic cancer).Izinketho Zokwelashwa Kwe-Adenocarcinoma LungCancerOkungcono kakhulu ukwelashwa komdlavuza wamaphaphu i-adenocarcinoma uhlelo luncike esiteji, impilo yesiguli iyonke, kanye nalokho esikuthandayo. Izinketho zokwelashwa ezivamile zihlanganisa:UkuhlinzwaUkuhlinzwa kuhloswe ukususa isimila esinomdlavuza kanye nezicubu ezizungezile. Izinketho zokuhlinzwa zihlanganisa: Ukususwa Kwe-Wedge: Ukususwa kwesiqephu sephaphu esincane, esimise okwe-wedge. I-Lobectomy: Ukususwa kwe-lobe yonke yephaphu. I-Pneumonectomy: Ukususwa kwephaphu lonke.Ukuhlinzwa kuvame ukunconywa esigabeni sokuqala ukwelashwa komdlavuza wamaphaphu i-adenocarcinoma lapho isimila sitholakala endaweni futhi isiguli siphile saka ngokwanele ukuba sibhekane nenqubo.Ukwelashwa NgeRadiationRadiation therapy isebenzisa imisebe enamandla amakhulu ukubulala amangqamuzana omdlavuza. Ingasetshenziswa: Njengokwelashwa okuyinhloko: Okweziguli ezingakwazi ukuhlinzwa. Ngemva kokuhlinzwa: Ukubulala noma yimaphi amaseli omdlavuza asele. Ukuze unciphise izimpawu: Okufana nobuhlungu noma ukuphelelwa umoya.Izinhlobo zokwelashwa ngemisebe zihlanganisa: I-Beam Radiation Therapy yangaphandle (EBRT): Imisebe ihanjiswa emshinini ongaphandle komzimba. I-Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy (SBRT): Iletha imithamo ephezulu yemisebe endaweni encane.I-ChemotherapyI-Chemotherapy isebenzisa izidakamizwa ukubulala amangqamuzana omdlavuza kuwo wonke umzimba. Isetshenziswa kaningi: Ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa: Ukunciphisa isimila (neoadjuvant chemotherapy). Ngemva kokuhlinzwa: Ukubulala noma yimaphi amaseli omdlavuza asele (i-adjuvant chemotherapy). Njengokwelashwa okuyinhloko: Okwezinga eliphezulu i-adenocarcinoma.Imithi ejwayelekile ye-chemotherapy esetshenziselwa ukwelapha i-adenocarcinoma kufaka phakathi i-cisplatin, i-carboplatin, i-pemetrexed, ne-docetaxel.Izidakamizwa ezihlosiwe ze-TherapyTargeted therapy ziqondise kuma-molecule athile (isb., amaprotheni, izakhi zofuzo) abandakanyeka ekukhuleni kweseli lomdlavuza kanye nokuphila. Lezi zindlela zokwelapha zivame ukusetshenziselwa i-adenocarcinoma ngokuguqulwa kofuzo okuthile.Izibonelo zezindlela zokwelapha eziqondiwe zifaka: I-EGFR inhibitors: I-Erlotinib, i-gefitinib, i-afatinib, i-osimertinib (yezinguquko ze-EGFR) I-ALK inhibitors: I-Crizotinib, i-alectinib, i-ceritinib, i-brigatinib, i-lorlatinib (yokuhlelwa kabusha kwe-ALK) I-ROS1 inhibitors: I-Crizotinib, i-entrectinib (yokuhlelwa kabusha kwe-ROS1) I-BRAF inhibitors: I-Dabrafenib, i-trametinib (yezinguquko ze-BRAF) Ukuhlolwa kofuzo kubalulekile ukuze kutholwe ukuthi isiguli siyafaneleka yini ukuthola ukwelashwa okuqondiwe. I I-Shandong Baofa Cancer Research Institute igcizelela ukubaluleka komuthi womuntu siqu ku ukwelashwa komdlavuza wamaphaphu i-adenocarcinoma.ImmunotherapyImishanguzo ye-Immunotherapy isiza amasosha omzimba ukulwa nomdlavuza. Asebenza ngokuvimbela amaprotheni avimbela amasosha omzimba ukuba ahlasele amangqamuzana omdlavuza.Izibonelo zezidakamizwa ze-immunotherapy zihlanganisa: I-PD-1 inhibitors: Pembrolizumab, nivolumab I-PD-L1 inhibitors: I-Atezolizumab, i-durvalumabImmunotherapy ivame ukusetshenziselwa isigaba esithuthukile i-adenocarcinoma, ikakhulukazi uma amangqamuzana omdlavuza eveza i-PD-L1.Side Effects of TreatmentAll ukwelashwa komdlavuza wamaphaphu i-adenocarcinoma ongakhetha kungabangela imiphumela emibi. Imiphumela ethile engathandeki incike ohlotsheni lokwelashwa, umthamo, kanye nempendulo yomuntu ngamunye yesiguli. Imiphumela engemihle evamile ihlanganisa: Ukukhathala Isicanucanu nokuhlanza Ukuqothuka kwezinwele Izilonda emlonyeni Ukuphelelwa ukudla Amasosha omzimba abuthakathakaKubalulekile ukuxoxa ngemiphumela engemihle engase ibe khona nodokotela wakho futhi wenze uhlelo lokuyilawula. I I-Shandong Baofa Cancer Research Institute's Ukwelashwa kugxile ekunciphiseni imiphumela engemihle ngenkathi kukhulisa ukusebenza kahle.Isivivinyo SemitholampiloIzivivinyo zezokwelapha izifundo zocwaningo ezivivinya okusha. ukwelashwa komdlavuza wamaphaphu i-adenocarcinoma izindlela. Iziguli zingase zicabange ukuhlanganyela esivivinyweni somtholampilo ukuze zifinyelele izindlela zokwelapha ezintsha ezingakatholakali kabanzi. Funda kabanzi ngocwaningo lomdlavuza osezingeni eliphezulu e-Shandong Baofa Cancer Research Institute.I-Prognosis kanye namazinga okusindaI-prognosis ye i-adenocarcinoma kuncike ezicini eziningana, okuhlanganisa isigaba somdlavuza, impilo yesiguli iyonke, kanye nendlela esisabela ngayo ekwelashweni. Ukutholwa kusenesikhathi kanye nokwelashwa kungathuthukisa kakhulu amazinga okusinda. Amazinga okusinda ewonke umdlavuza wamaphaphu ngokuvamile avezwa njengamazinga okusinda kweminyaka emi-5, okusho ukuthi iphesenti labantu abasaphila eminyakeni emihlanu ngemva kokuxilongwa. Ngokusho kwe-American Cancer Society, izinga lokusinda leminyaka emihlanu lazo zonke izigaba zomdlavuza wamaphaphu cishe lingama-25%. Kodwa-ke, le nombolo iyahlukahluka kuye ngokuthi isigaba sokuxilongwa. Isibonelo, izinga leminyaka engu-5 lokusinda kumdlavuza wamaphaphu wendawo (umdlavuza ongasakazeki ngaphandle kwamaphaphu) liphezulu kakhulu kunomdlavuza wamaphaphu we-metastatic (umdlavuza osusabalele ezithweni ezikude). [Umthombo: I-American Cancer Society]Nali ithebula elenziwe lula elibonisa amazinga okusinda kweminyaka emi-5 alinganiselwe ngesiteji: Isigaba Esilinganiselwe Seminyaka Emi-5 Yokusinda Kwenziwa Kwasendaweni (Umdlavuza awusabaleleki ngaphandle kwamaphaphu) 59% Isifunda (Umdlavuza ususabalele kuma-lymph node aseduze) 33% Ekude (Umdlavuza ususabalele ezithweni ezikude) 6% Zonke Izigaba Zihlanganisiwe, zilinganiselwa ku-25% kuphela lezi zilinganiselwa ku-25% ziyahlukahluka kakhulu.Ukuphila ne-AdenocarcinomaUkuphila ne i-adenocarcinoma kungaba inselele, kodwa kunezinsiza ezitholakalayo zokusiza iziguli kanye nemindeni yazo ukuba zibhekane nazo. Lezi zinsiza zifaka phakathi: Amaqembu okusekela Ukwelulekwa Ukunakekelwa kwePalliative Ukwelashwa OkudidiyelweUkugcina indlela yokuphila enempilo, kuhlanganise nokudla okunomsoco kanye nokuzivocavoca okuvamile, nakho kungathuthukisa izinga lempilo.IsiphethoUkwelashwa komdlavuza wamaphaphu we-Adenocarcinoma selithuthuke kakhulu eminyakeni yamuva, linikeza iziguli izinketho ezisebenza kahle nezizimele. Ukuqonda lesi sifo, izindlela zokwelapha ezitholakalayo, kanye nemiphumela engemihle engase ibe khona kubalulekile ukuze wenze izinqumo ezinolwazi. Hlala uthintana nochwepheshe bezokwelapha abaqeqeshiwe ukuze uthuthukise okungcono kakhulu ukwelashwa komdlavuza wamaphaphu i-adenocarcinoma hlela isimo sakho somuntu ngamunye. I I-Shandong Baofa Cancer Research Institute inikezelwe ekuhlinzekeni ukunakekelwa okuphelele nozwela kweziguli ezine i-adenocarcinoma.