umdlavuza ezinso

Ukuqonda Umdlavuza Wezinso: Izinhlobo, Izimpawu, Ukuxilongwa, Nokwelashwa

Umdlavuza wezinso, owaziwa nangokuthi i-renal cell carcinoma (RCC), yisifo lapho amangqamuzana anomdlavuza akheka ezicutshini zenso eyodwa noma zombili. Lo mhlahlandlela ophelele uhlola izinhlobo ezahlukene ze umdlavuza ezinso, izimpawu zabo, izindlela zokuxilonga, izinketho zokwelapha, nokubaluleka kokutholakala kusenesikhathi. Sizophinde sixoxe ngentuthuko yakamuva ocwaningweni futhi sinikeze izinsiza ukuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe nokusekelwa.

Izinhlobo Zomdlavuza Wezinso

I-Renal Cell Carcinoma (RCC)

I-RCC wuhlobo oluvame kakhulu lomdlavuza wezinso, olubalelwa cishe ku-90% wamacala. Kunezinhlobo ezimbalwa ezingaphansi ze-RCC ezikhona, ngayinye enezici zayo kanye nokubikezela. Lezi zinhlobo ezincane zivame ukunqunywa ngokuhlolwa kwe-microscopic yesampula ye-biopsy. Ukuqonda uhlobo oluthile oluncane lubalulekile ekunqumeni indlela engcono kakhulu yokwelapha. Ulwazi olwengeziwe ngama-subtypes athile e-RCC lungatholwa ngezinsiza zezokwelapha ezihlonishwayo kanye nodokotela be-oncologists.

I-Transitional Cell Carcinoma (TCC)

I-TCC ikhula olwelweni lwe-renal pelvis, isakhiwo esimise okwefaneli esiqoqa umchamo ezinso. Akuvamile kune-RCC kodwa ingaba nolaka uma ingatholwa kusenesikhathi. Izimpawu ngokuvamile zingalingisa lezo zezinye izinkinga zomgudu womchamo, zigqamisa isidingo sokunakekelwa ngokushesha lapho uhlangabezana nezinkinga eziqhubekayo zokuchama.

Eminye I-Rare Kidney Cancers

Nakuba i-RCC ne-TCC kuyizinhlobo ezivame kakhulu, ezinye izinhlobo zomdlavuza wezinso ezingavamile zikhona. Lokhu ngokuvamile akuvamile futhi kungase kudinge amasu okwelapha akhethekile. Ukubonisana nochwepheshe kubalulekile ukuze uthole ukuxilongwa okunembile kanye nokuhlelwa kokwelashwa kwalezi zindlela ezingajwayelekile kakhulu umdlavuza ezinso.

Izimpawu Zomdlavuza Wezinso

Isigaba sokuqala umdlavuza ezinso ngokuvamile iveza ngaphandle kwezimpawu eziphawulekayo. Nokho, njengoba umdlavuza uqhubeka, kungase kubonakale izimpawu ezimbalwa. Lokhu kungafaka:

• Igazi emchameni (hematuria)
• Isigaxa noma inqwaba esiswini
• Ubuhlungu obungapheli beqolo noma ubuhlungu be-flank
• Ukuncipha kwesisindo
• Ukukhathala
• Umkhuhlane
• Umfutho wegazi ophezulu

Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi lezi zimpawu zingabuye zihlotshaniswe nezinye izimo zezokwelapha. Uma uhlangabezana nanoma yikuphi kwalokhu, kubalulekile ukuthintana nochwepheshe bezokunakekelwa kwempilo ukuze uxilongwe kahle futhi uhlolwe.

Ukuxilongwa Komdlavuza Wezinso

Ukuxilonga umdlavuza ezinso ngokuvamile kuhilela inhlanganisela yokuhlolwa nezinqubo:

• Ukuhlolwa komzimba: Udokotela uzohlola isisu sakho ukuze abone noma yiziphi izigaxa noma uquqaba olungajwayelekile.
• Ukuhlolwa kwesithombe: I-Ultrasound, i-CT scan, i-MRI, kanye ne-intravenous pyelogram (IVP) kuvame ukusetshenziselwa ukubona izinso ngeso lengqondo nokubona noma yikuphi ukungahambi kahle.
• I-Biopsy: Isampula encane yezicubu iyasuswa futhi ihlolwe ngaphansi kwesibonakhulu ukuze kuqinisekiswe ubukhona bamangqamuzana omdlavuza futhi kunqunywe uhlobo oluthile lomdlavuza. umdlavuza ezinso.
• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi: Ukuhlolwa kwegazi kungase kwenziwe ukuze kuhlolwe ukusebenza kwezinso futhi kubhekwe noma ikuphi okunye ukungahambi kahle.

Izinketho Zokwelapha Umdlavuza Wezinso

Izinketho zokwelapha ze umdlavuza ezinso ziyahlukahluka kuye ngezici eziningana, okuhlanganisa uhlobo nesigaba somdlavuza, impilo yesiguli iyonke, nezinto ezithandwa umuntu. Izindlela zokwelapha ezijwayelekile zihlanganisa:

• Ukuhlinzwa: Lokhu ukwelapha okuyinhloko ezimweni eziningi, futhi kungase kuhilele i-nephrectomy engaphelele (ukususwa kwengxenye yezinso) noma i-radical nephrectomy (ukususwa kwayo yonke izinso).
• Ukwelashwa okuhlosiwe: Le mithi iqondise amaprotheni athile abandakanyeka ekukhuleni kwamangqamuzana omdlavuza.
• I-Immunotherapy: Lolu hlobo lokwelapha lusiza amasosha omzimba ukulwa namaseli omdlavuza.
• Ukwelapha ngemisebe: Lokhu kwelashwa kusebenzisa imisebe enamandla amakhulu ukubulala amangqamuzana omdlavuza.
• I-Chemotherapy: Nakuba ingavamile kakhulu ekwelapheni umdlavuza wezinso, i-chemotherapy ingasetshenziswa ezimweni ezithile.

Uhlelo olungcono kakhulu lokwelapha luzonqunywa ngokubonisana nodokotela oyi-oncologist nabanye ochwepheshe bezempilo.

Izigaba Zomdlavuza Wezinso

Umdlavuza wezinso uhlelwa ukuze kunqunywe ukuthi ungakanani futhi uqondise izinqumo zokwelashwa. Isiteji sisebenzisa isistimu ecabangela ubukhulu besimila, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi sesisakazekele kuma-lymph nodes aseduze noma ezithweni ezikude. Ukuqonda isigaba sakho umdlavuza ezinso kubalulekile ekwenzeni izinqumo ezinolwazi mayelana nokwelashwa kwakho.

Ucwaningo Nokusekela

Ukuze uthole ukwaziswa okwengeziwe kanye nokwesekwa mayelana umdlavuza ezinso, ungase ufise ukuhlola izinsiza ezivela ezinhlanganweni ezihlonishwayo njengeNational Cancer Institute (https://www.cancer.gov/kanye ne-American Cancer Society (https://www.cancer.org/). I I-Shandong Baofa Cancer Research Institute iphinde izinikele ekuthuthukiseni ukuqonda nokwelapha imidlavuza eyahlukene, okuhlanganisa nomdlavuza wezinso.

Umshwana wokuzihlangula: Lolu lwazi lwenzelwe izinjongo zokufundisa kuphela futhi akufanele luthathwe njengeseluleko sezokwelapha. Hlala uthintana nochwepheshe bezempilo nganoma yikuphi ukukhathazeka ngezempilo noma ngaphambi kokwenza noma yiziphi izinqumo ezihlobene nempilo noma ukwelashwa kwakho.