Izibhedlela zokwelashwa kwesimila samaphaphu

Izibhedlela Zokwelapha I-Lung Tumor: Umhlahlandlela Ophelele

Ukuthola isibhedlela esifanele ukwelashwa kwesimila samaphaphu kungaba nzima. Lo mhlahlandlela uhlinzeka ngolwazi olubalulekile ukukusiza ukuthi uhlole ubunzima bokuxilongwa, izinketho zokwelashwa, nokukhetha isikhungo sezokwelapha esifanele. Sizofaka izindlela zokwelashwa ezahlukahlukene, izici okufanele uzicabangele lapho ukhetha isibhedlela, nezinsiza ezizokusiza ekuthatheni izinqumo.

Ukuqonda Ama-Lung Tumors

Izinhlobo Zezimila Zamaphaphu

Izimila zamaphaphu zihlukaniswa kabanzi zibe i-benign (non-cancer) kanye ne-malignant (umdlavuza). Izimila eziyingozi ziphinde zihlukaniswe zibe umdlavuza wamaphaphu amancane (SCLC) kanye nomdlavuza wamaphaphu ongewona omncane (NSCLC), ngalinye lidinga amasu okwelapha ahlukene. Ukuqonda uhlobo oluthile lwe isimila samaphaphu ibalulekile ekuhleleni ukwelashwa okusebenzayo. Ukutholwa kusenesikhathi kuthuthukisa kakhulu ukubikezela.

Izigaba Zomdlavuza Wamaphaphu

Isiteji se isimila samaphaphu umdlavuza, ukusuka eSigabeni I kuya eSigabeni IV, ubeka izinga lokusabalala komdlavuza. Lokhu kuba nomthelela ekukhethweni kokwelashwa kanye nombono jikelele. Isiteji sibandakanya ukuhlolwa kwe-imaging (CT scans, PET scans) kanye nama-biopsies ukuhlola usayizi wesimila, indawo, nokubandakanyeka kwe-lymph node. Izingxoxo ezinemininingwane nama-oncologists zibalulekile ekuqondeni isigaba sakho esithile.

Izinketho Zokwelashwa Kwezimila Zamaphaphu

Ukususwa Ngokuhlinzwa

Ukuhlinzwa, okufana ne-lobectomy (ukususwa kwe-lung lobe) noma i-pneumonectomy (ukususwa kwephaphu lonke), kuwukwelashwa okuyinhloko kwesigaba sokuqala. isimila samaphaphu umdlavuza. Amasu ahlasela kancane, njengokuhlinzwa kwethoracoscopic okusizwa ngevidiyo (i-VATS), anikeza izikhathi zokutakula ezincishisiwe kanye nezibazi. Ukuba nokwenzeka kokuhlinzwa kuncike ezintweni ezifana nendawo yesimila, ubukhulu, kanye nempilo iyonke.

I-Chemotherapy

I-Chemotherapy ihilela ukusebenzisa izidakamizwa ukubhubhisa amangqamuzana omdlavuza. Isetshenziswa kaningi esiteji esithuthukile isimila samaphaphu Umdlavuza, kungaba uwedwa noma uhlanganiswe nezinye izindlela zokwelapha ezifana nokwelashwa ngemisebe. Imiphumela engemihle iyahlukahluka kuye ngemithi ethile esetshenzisiwe, futhi ukunakekelwa okusekelayo kubalulekile ukuze uyilawule.

Ukwelapha Ngemisebe

Ukwelapha ngemisebe kusebenzisa imishayo enamandla amakhulu ukukhomba futhi kubulale amangqamuzana omdlavuza. Ingasetshenziswa yodwa noma ihlanganiswe nokuhlinzwa noma i-chemotherapy. Ukwelashwa ngemisebe yangaphandle kuvame ukusetshenziswa, kuyilapho i-brachytherapy ihilela ukubeka izinto ezikhipha imisebe ngokuqondile ngaphakathi noma eduze kwesimila. Indlela ethize incike ohlotsheni, isiteji, nendawo ye- isimila samaphaphu.

Ukwelapha Okuhlosiwe

Ukwelapha okuhlosiwe kusebenzisa izidakamizwa eziqondise ngokuqondile amangqamuzana omdlavuza anezinguquko ezithile zofuzo. Lezi zindlela zokwelapha zenzelwe isiguli ngasinye ngokuya ngephrofayili yofuzo lwesimila sazo, okwandisa ukusebenza kahle kuyilapho kunciphisa imiphumela engemihle. Le ndlela yomuntu siqu iyashintsha isimila samaphaphu ukwelashwa.

I-Immunotherapy

I-Immunotherapy ihlanganisa amasosha omzimba ukuze alwe nomdlavuza. Lezi zindlela zokwelapha zisebenza ngokukhulisa amandla amasosha omzimba okubona nokubhubhisa amangqamuzana omdlavuza. I-Immunotherapy ibonise imiphumela ethembisayo ekwelapheni okuhlukahlukene isimila samaphaphu umdlavuza, ngokuvamile ukwandisa amazinga okusinda. Ama-agent akhethekile we-immunotherapy akhethwa ngokusekelwe ezicini zesimila sesiguli.

Ukukhetha Isibhedlela Sokwelapha Ithumba Lamaphaphu

Ukukhethela isibhedlela ukwelashwa kwesimila samaphaphu kudinga ukucatshangelwa ngokucophelela. Izinto okufanele zicatshangelwe zihlanganisa:

• Isipiliyoni kanye nobuchule bethimba lezokwelapha (oncologists, odokotela abahlinzayo, odokotela be-radiologists).
• Ubuchwepheshe bokwelapha obusezingeni eliphezulu nezinsiza ezitholakalayo.
• Izinsizakalo eziphelele zokweseka (ukulawula izinhlungu, ukunakekelwa kwe-palliative, ukuvuselela).
• Ukubuyekezwa kwesiguli nezilinganiso.
• Ukuba seduze nokufinyeleleka.

Ukucwaninga izibhedlela, ukubukeza amawebhusayithi azo, nokukhuluma nezinye iziguli kungasiza ekwenzeni isinqumo esinolwazi. Unganqikazi ukubuza imibuzo futhi ufune imibono eminingi ngaphambi kokwenza ukukhetha kwakho.

Izinsiza kanye Nolunye Ulwazi

Izinhlangano eziningi zinikeza izinsiza ezibalulekile kubantu ababhekene nazo isimila samaphaphu ukwelashwa. I-American Cancer Society kanye ne-National Cancer Institute inikeza ulwazi oluphelele, amaqembu okusekela, kanye nesiqondiso kulo lonke uhambo lokwelashwa. Hlala uthintana nomhlinzeki wakho wokunakekelwa kwezempilo ukuze uthole iseluleko esiqondene nawe nezinhlelo zokwelapha. Ngezinketho zokwelapha ezithuthukisiwe nezikhethekile, cabanga ngokucwaninga ngezikhungo ezinezikhungo ezizinikele zomdlavuza wamaphaphu.

Ezigulini ezifuna ukunakekelwa okuphelele nokuthuthukile, I-Shandong Baofa Cancer Research Institute inikeza uhla lwezindlela zokwelapha ezisezingeni eliphezulu isimila samaphaphu. Ithimba labo elinolwazi lihlinzeka ngezinhlelo zokunakekelwa komuntu ngamunye ezihambisana nezidingo ezihlukile zesiguli ngasinye. Ukuzibophezela kwesikhungo ocwaningweni nasekusunguleni kuqinisekisa ukufinyelela ezindleleni zokwelapha ezisezingeni eliphezulu.