umtholampilo we-mayo ukwelashwa komdlavuza wamaphaphu

Ukwelashwa komdlavuza wamaphaphu eMayo Clinic yaziwa ngendlela yayo ebanzi, ehlanganisa ukuxilonga okuthuthukile, izindlela zokwelapha eziqondene nomuntu uqobo, kanye nokunakekelwa okusekelayo. Lo mhlahlandlela ubheka izindlela zokwelapha ezehlukene ezitholakala eMayo Clinic nakwezinye izikhungo ezihamba phambili, okuhlanganisa ukuhlinzwa, ukwelapha ngemisebe, ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali, ukwelashwa okuhlosiwe, kanye ne-immunotherapy, unikeza umbono oningiliziwe weziguli nemindeni yazo ezulazula kulo mkhakha oyinkimbinkimbi.Ukuqonda Umdlavuza WamaphaphuUyini Umdlavuza Wamaphaphu?Umdlavuza wamaphaphu yisifo lapho amangqamuzana ephaphu ekhula ngokungalawuleki. Ihlukaniswa kabanzi yaba izinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko: umdlavuza wamaphaphu omncane weseli (SCLC) kanye nomdlavuza wamaphaphu ongewona omncane (NSCLC). I-NSCLC ivame kakhulu futhi ihlanganisa izinhlobo ezincane ezifana ne-adenocarcinoma, i-squamous cell carcinoma, ne-cell carcinoma enkulu. Ukutholwa kusenesikhathi nokuxilongwa okunembile kubalulekile ukuze kuphumelele Ukwelashwa komdlavuza wamaphaphu eMayo Clinic.Izinto Eziyingozi Nokuvimbela Ukubhema kuyisici esiyingozi esihamba phambili somdlavuza wamaphaphu. Ezinye izici eziyingozi zihlanganisa ukuchayeka ku-radon, i-asbestos, nezinye izinto ezibangela umdlavuza, kanye nomlando womndeni walesi sifo. Amasu okuvimbela ahlanganisa ukuyeka ukubhema, ukugwema ugwayi kagwayi, kanye nokunciphisa ukuchayeka ebuthini bemvelo.Ukuxilongwa Emtholampilo WaseMayoUkuhlolwa KokuxilongwaUkuxilongwa okuphelele kubalulekile ukuze kutholwe okufanele. Ukwelashwa komdlavuza wamaphaphu eMayo Clinic. Izivivinyo zokuxilonga ezijwayelekile zihlanganisa: Ukuhlolwa Kwezithombe: Ama-X-ray, ama-CT scan, i-MRI, nama-PET scan asiza ukubona ngeso lengqondo izimila zamaphaphu futhi zihlole ubukhulu bawo nendawo. I-Sputum Cytology: Ukuhlola isikhwehlela (phlegm) ngaphansi kwesibonakhulu kungathola amaseli anomdlavuza. I-Biopsy: Isampula yethishu ithathwa ephashini ukuze ihlolwe nge-microscope. Lokhu kungenziwa nge-bronchoscopy, mediastinoscopy, noma i-need biopsy. Ukuhlolwa kwamangqamuzana: Ukuhlaziya amaseli wesimila ukuze kutholakale izinguquko ezithile zofuzo kungaqondisa izinqumo zokwelashwa okuhlosiwe.Isiteji Somdlavuza WamaphaphuIsiteji sichaza izinga lokusabalala komdlavuza. I-NSCLC ihlelwa ukusuka ku-I kuye ku-IV, kanti isigaba sokuqala siyisigaba sokuqala kanye nesigaba IV esithuthuke kakhulu. I-SCLC ivamise ukwenziwa kusiteji njengokunqunyelwe noma okubanzi. Isiteji sibalulekile ekunqumeni i-prognosis nokukhetha okufanele kakhulu Ukwelashwa komdlavuza wamaphaphu eMayo Clinic.Izinketho Zokwelashwa E-Mayo Clinic kanye ne-BeyondSurgerySurgery ngokuvamile iwukwelashwa okuyinhloko kwe-NSCLC yesigaba sokuqala. Izinketho zokuhlinzwa zihlanganisa: Ukususwa Kwe-Wedge: Ukususwa kwesiqephu sethishu yamaphaphu esincane esimise okumise okwejiko. I-Segmentectomy: Ukususwa kwengxenye enkulu yephaphu kunokukhishwa koweji. I-Lobectomy: Ukususwa kwe-lobe yonke yephaphu. I-Pneumonectomy: Ukususwa kwephaphu lonke.Ukukhethwa kokuhlinzwa kuncike kubukhulu nendawo yesimila, kanye nempilo yesiguli iyonke.Ukwelashwa ngemisebeUkwelapha ngemisebe kusebenzisa imishayo enamandla amakhulu ukuze kubulawe amangqamuzana omdlavuza. Ingasetshenziswa njengokwelashwa okuyinhloko ezigulini ezingazohlinzwa, noma njenge-adjuvant therapy ngemva kokuhlinzwa ukuze kubulawe noma yimaphi amangqamuzana omdlavuza asele. Izinhlobo zokwelashwa ngemisebe zihlanganisa: I-Beam Radiation Therapy yangaphandle (EBRT): Imisebe ihanjiswa emshinini ongaphandle komzimba. I-Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy (SBRT): Iletha imithamo ephezulu yemisebe endaweni encane, eqondiswe kahle. I-Brachytherapy: Imbewu ekhipha imisebe noma izintambo zifakwa ngqo ngaphakathi noma eduze kwesimila.I-ChemotherapyI-Chemotherapy isebenzisa imithi ukuze ibulale amangqamuzana omdlavuza kuwo wonke umzimba. Ivame ukusetshenziselwa ukwelapha umdlavuza wamaphaphu othuthukisiwe noma njenge-adjuvant therapy ngemva kokuhlinzwa. Imithi ejwayelekile yokwelapha ngamakhemikhali yomdlavuza wamaphaphu ihlanganisa i-cisplatin, i-carboplatin, i-paclitaxel, ne-docetaxel.Imithi yokwelapha eTargeted TherapyTargeted iqondise ama-molecule athile ahilelekile ekukhuleni kweseli lomdlavuza kanye nokuphila. Lezi zindlela zokwelapha zivame ukusetshenziselwa iziguli ezinezinguquko ezithile zofuzo, njengokuguqulwa kwe-EGFR noma ukuhlela kabusha kwe-ALK. Izibonelo zifaka: I-EGFR inhibitors: I-Erlotinib, i-gefitinib, i-osimertinib I-ALK inhibitors: I-Crizotinib, i-ceritinib, i-alectinib I-BRAF inhibitors: I-Dabrafenib, i-trametinib (yeziguli ezinezinguquko ze-BRAF V600E)ImmunotherapyImmunotherapy isiza amasosha omzimba ukulwa nomdlavuza. Ama-immune checkpoint inhibitors, njenge-pembrolizumab ne-nivolumab, avame ukusetshenziselwa ukwelapha umdlavuza wamaphaphu othuthukile. Le mithi ivimba amaprotheni avimbela amasosha omzimba ukuthi ahlasele amangqamuzana omdlavuza.Isivivinyo SemitholampiloIzivivinyo zezokwelapha izifundo zocwaningo ezihlola izindlela zokwelapha ezintsha zomdlavuza wamaphaphu. Iziguli zingase zicabange ukuhlanganyela ezivivinyweni zomtholampilo ukuze zifinyelele ekwelashweni kwesimanjemanje okungakatholakali kabanzi. Ukwelashwa komdlavuza wamaphaphu eMayo Clinic izikhungo zivame ukubamba iqhaza ezivivinyweni zomtholampilo ezihamba phambili.Ukunakekela OkusekelayoUkuphatha Imiphumela EmibiUkwelashwa komdlavuza wamaphaphu kungabangela imiphumela engemihle, njengokukhathala, isicanucanu, nokuqothuka kwezinwele. Ukunakekelwa okusekelayo kuhloswe ukuphatha le miphumela emibi kanye nokwenza ngcono izinga lempilo yesiguli. Lokhu kungase kuhlanganise imithi, ukwesekwa kokudla okunomsoco, kanye nokwelashwa ngokomzimba.Ukunakekelwa kwePalliativeUkunakekelwa kwePalliative kugxile ekudambiseni izimpawu kanye nokwenza ngcono izinga lempilo yeziguli ezinezifo ezimbi kakhulu, njengomdlavuza wamaphaphu. Ingahlinzekwa kunoma yisiphi isigaba sesifo futhi ayifani nokunakekelwa kwe-hospice. Ukunakekelwa kwe-Palliative kubhekana nezidingo ezingokwenyama, ezingokomzwelo, nezingokomoya.Amazinga Okubikezela kanye NokusindaUkubikezela komdlavuza wamaphaphu kuyehlukahluka kuye ngokuthi umdlavuza ungakanani, uhlobo lomdlavuza, kanye nempilo yesiguli iyonke. Ukutholwa kusenesikhathi nokwelashwa kungathuthukisa amazinga okusinda. Ngokusho kwe-American Cancer Society, izinga lokusinda leminyaka emihlanu lazo zonke izigaba zomdlavuza wamaphaphu zingama-25%. Kodwa-ke, izinga lokusinda liphezulu kakhulu kumdlavuza wesigaba sokuqala.Ku-NSCLC yendawo (umdlavuza ongasakazeki ngaphandle kwamaphaphu), izinga lokusinda leminyaka emihlanu lingama-63%. Ku-NSCLC yesifunda (umdlavuza osusabalele kuma-lymph nodes aseduze), izinga lokusinda leminyaka emihlanu lingama-35%. Ku-NSCLC ekude (umdlavuza osusabalele kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba), izinga lokusinda leminyaka emi-5 ngu-7%. Amazinga okusinda e-SCLC aphansi jikelele.Iqhaza Le-Shandong Baofa Cancer Research InstituteAt I-Shandong Baofa Cancer Research Institute, sizinikele ekuthuthukiseni ucwaningo nokwelashwa komdlavuza. Nakuba ingahlobene ngokuqondile ne Ukwelashwa komdlavuza wamaphaphu eMayo Clinic, sabelana ngokuzibophezela ekuhlinzekeni ukunakekelwa komuntu siqu, okuphelele ezigulini. Imizamo yethu yocwaningo igxile ekuthuthukiseni izindlela zokwelapha ezintsha kanye nokwenza ngcono imiphumela yabantu abathintwe yilesi sifo.Ukwenza Izinqumo EzinolwaziUkuzulazula ekuxilongweni komdlavuza wamaphaphu kungaba yinto enzima kakhulu. Kubalulekile ukuqoqa ulwazi, ubuze imibuzo, futhi usebenze eduze nethimba lakho lezempilo ukuze wenze izinqumo ezinolwazi mayelana nohlelo lwakho lokwelapha. Cabanga ngokufuna umbono wesibili kuchwepheshe wesikhungo somdlavuza esihamba phambili njengeMayo Clinic noma iShandong Baofa Cancer Research Institute.Khumbula ukuthi awuwedwa. Amaqembu okusekela, izinkundla ze-inthanethi, nezinsizakalo zokwelulekwa zingakunikeza ukwesekwa ngokomzwelo nesiqondiso kulo lonke uhambo lwakho.Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa (FAQs)Ziyini izimpawu zomdlavuza wamaphaphu?Izimpawu ezivamile zihlanganisa ukukhwehlela okungapheli, ubuhlungu besifuba, ukuphefumula kanzima, ukuphefumula, ukukhwehlela igazi, nokuncipha kwesisindo esingaqondakali.Utholakala kanjani umdlavuza wamaphaphu?Ukuhlolwa kwe-CT scans ngokuvamile kuhilela i-mX scan. i-cytology, kanye ne-biopsy.Iziphi izindlela zokwelapha umdlavuza wamaphaphu?Izinketho zokwelapha zihlanganisa ukuhlinzwa, ukwelapha ngemisebe, ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali, ukwelapha okuhlosiwe, kanye nokwelashwa kwamasosha omzimba.Siyini isibikezelo somdlavuza wamaphaphu?Isibikezelo siyahlukahluka kuye ngesigaba somdlavuza, uhlobo lomdlavuza, kanye nempilo yesiguli iyonke. Ukutholwa kusenesikhathi nokwelashwa kungathuthukisa amazinga okusinda.Ngingakutholaphi ukwesekwa komdlavuza wamaphaphu?Ukwesekwa kutholakala ngamaqembu osekelo, izinkundla ze-inthanethi, kanye nezinsizakalo zokwelulekwa.Umshwana wokuzihlangula: Lesi sihloko sihlinzeka ngolwazi olujwayelekile futhi akufanele sithathwe njengeseluleko sezokwelapha. Xhumana nomhlinzeki wakho wokunakekelwa kwezempilo ukuze uthole izincomo eziqondene nawe.Izithenjwa:I-American Cancer Society. (n.d.). www.cancer.orgIMayo Clinic. (n.d.). www.mayoclinic.org