i-rcc renal cell carcinoma

I-RCC (Renal Cell Carcinoma) wuhlobo oluvame kakhulu lomdlavuza wezinso kubantu abadala. Lesi sihloko sihlola lesi sifo, sihlanganisa izinhlobo zaso, izimpawu, ukuxilongwa, izinketho zokwelapha, kanye ne-prognosis.Kuyini I-Renal Cell Carcinoma?I-Renal Cell Carcinoma (RCC), noma umdlavuza wezinso, uvela olwelweni lwe-proximal convoluted tubule, ingxenye yamashubhu amancane kakhulu ezinso ahlunga igazi futhi akhiphe ukungcola. Ukuqonda izinhlobo nezigaba ezahlukene ze I-RCC ibalulekile ekwelashweni okusebenzayo. Izinhlobo ze I-Renal Cell CarcinomaIzinhlobo ezingaphansi eziningana ze I-RCC zikhona, ngayinye inezici ezihlukile nezindlela zokwelashwa. Izinhlobo ezivame kakhulu zihlanganisa:Clear Cell I-Renal Cell CarcinomaUhlobo oluncane oluvame kakhulu, olubalelwa cishe ku-70%. I-RCC amacala. Ibonakala ngamaseli abonakala ecacile noma aphaphathekile ngaphansi kwesibonakhulu ngenxa yokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-lipid. Umthombo: I-American Cancer SocietyI-Papillary I-Renal Cell CarcinomaUhlobo lwesibili oluvame kakhulu, oluhlanganisa cishe i-10-15% yamacala. I-Papillary I-RCC ibonakala ngokulinganisa okufana nomunwe okubizwa ngokuthi i-papillae. Kuvame ukuhlotshaniswa nezimo ezithile zofuzo. Kunezinhlobo ezimbili ezincane eziyinhloko: Thayipha 1 kanye Nohlobo 2, nohlobo 2 ngokuvamile olunolaka kakhulu. I-Chromophobia I-Renal Cell CarcinomaLolu hlobo oluncane lumelela cishe u-5% wawo I-RCC amacala. I-Chromophobia I-RCC ngokuvamile unokubikezelwa okungcono uma kuqhathaniswa neseli elicacile I-RCC. Amaseli makhulu futhi aphaphathekile kuneseli elicacile I-RCC amaseli.Ukuqoqa Umbhobho I-Renal Cell CarcinomaI-subtype engandile futhi enolaka, ebalwa ngaphansi kuka-1% wamacala. Ukuqoqa ipayipi I-RCC kuvela emiseleni eqoqayo yezinso, ehambisa umchamo esinyeni. Kuvame ukutholakala ngokuhamba kwesikhathi futhi kungaba inselele ukuyelapha.Medullary I-Renal Cell CarcinomaEnye i-subtype engavamile futhi enolaka, ethinta kakhulu abantu abanesici se-sickle cell. I-Medullary I-RCC kuvame ukuhlotshaniswa nemiphumela engemihle.Izimpawu zokuthi I-Renal Cell CarcinomaIzigaba zakuqala ze I-RCC ingase ingabonakali izimpawu. Nokho, njengoba isimila sikhula, izimpawu zingase zihlanganise: Igazi emchameni (hematuria) Ubuhlungu obungapheli ohlangothini noma emhlane Isigaxa noma isisindo ohlangothini noma emhlane Ukuncipha kwesisindo okungachazwanga Ukulahlekelwa isifiso sokudla Ukukhathala Imfiva engabangelwa ukutheleleka I-anemia (isibalo esiphansi samangqamuzana egazi abomvu)Uma uhlangabezana nanoma yiziphi zalezi zimpawu, kubalulekile ukubonana nodokotela ukuze uthole ukuhlolwa okufanele. I-Renal Cell CarcinomaUkuxilonga I-RCC ngokuvamile kubandakanya inhlanganisela yokuhlolwa komzimba, ukuhlolwa kwezithombe, kanye ne-biopsy. I-RCC. Ukuhlolwa kwesithombe okujwayelekile kufaka: Iskena se-Computed Tomography (CT): Inikeza izithombe ezinemininingwane yezingxenye ezihlukene zezinso nezicubu ezizungezile. I-Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI): Inikeza ukugqama okuhle kakhulu kwezicubu ezithambile futhi iwusizo ikakhulukazi ekuhloleni izinga lesimila kanye nokuthola ukusabalala ezakhiweni eziseduze. I-Ultrasound: Ingasiza ukuhlukanisa phakathi kwenqwaba eqinile nama-cyst agcwele uketshezi ezinso. I-Renal Arteriography (I-Angiography): Ukuhlolwa kwe-X-ray kwemithambo yezinso ngemva kokuba udayi ujovwe. Isetshenziswa kancane kune-CT noma i-MRI.I-BiopsyA biopsy ihilela ukukhipha isampula encane yezicubu zezinso ukuze ihlolwe ngaphansi kwesibonakhulu. I-biopsy iyadingeka ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuxilongwa I-RCC futhi unqume uhlobo oluncane. Ama-biopsies aqondiswa isithombe avamise ukwenziwa kusetshenziswa i-CT noma i-ultrasound ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuqondiswa okunembile kwendawo esolisayo. Izigaba ze I-Renal Cell CarcinomaIsiteji se I-RCC ibhekisela ezingeni lomdlavuza nokuthi ingabe ususabalele kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba. Isiteji sibalulekile ekunqumeni indlela yokwelashwa efanele kanye nokubikezela isibikezelo. Uhlelo lwesiteji lwe-TNM (Tumor, Node, Metastasis) luvame ukusetshenziswa: T (Isimila): Ichaza ubukhulu kanye nobukhulu besimila esiyinhloko. N (Inodi): Ibonisa ukuthi umdlavuza ususabalele yini kuma-lymph nodes aseduze. I-M (i-Metastasis): Ikhombisa ukuthi umdlavuza ususabalele ezindaweni ezikude, njengamaphaphu, amathambo, noma ubuchopho.Izigaba zisukela ku-I kuye ku-IV, kanti iSigaba I kuyisigaba sokuqala kanye neSigaba IV esiphambili kakhulu.Izinketho Zokwelashwa I-Renal Cell CarcinomaUkwelashwa kwe I-RCC kuncike ezicini eziningana, okuhlanganisa isigaba somdlavuza, impilo yesiguli iyonke, nezinto ezithandwa umuntu siqu. Izinketho zokwelashwa ezivamile zihlanganisa:UkuhlinzwaUkususwa ngokuhlinzwa kwesimila ngokuvamile kuwukwelashwa okuyinhloko kwendawo I-RCC (Izigaba I-III). Izinketho zokuhlinzwa zihlanganisa: I-Nephrectomy Eyingxenye: Ukususwa kwesimila kuphela kanye nengxenye encane yezicubu ezinempilo. Le ndlela ikhethwa uma kungenzeka ukuze kugcinwe ukusebenza kwezinso. I-Radical Nephrectomy: Ukususwa kwazo zonke izinso, kanye nezicubu ezizungezile, njenge-adrenal gland nama-lymph nodes. Ngokuvamile lokhu kwenzelwa izimila ezinkulu noma uma i-nephrectomy ingxenye ingenzeki.Imithi yokwelapha eqondisiwe yimithi eqondiswe ngokukhethekile kuma-molecule abandakanyeka ekukhuleni kweseli lomdlavuza kanye nokuphila. Le mithi ingasebenza ngempumelelo ekwelapheni okuthuthukile I-RCC (Isigaba IV) futhi singasetshenziswa ezigabeni zangaphambili ezimeni ezithile. Izibonelo zifaka: I-VEGF Inhibitors: Sunitinib (Sutent), Sorafenib (Nexavar), Pazopanib (Votrient), Axitinib (Inlyta), Bevacizumab (Avastin) I-mTOR Inhibitors: I-Temsirolimus (Torisel), i-Everolimus (Afinitor)Imishanguzo ye-ImmunotherapyImmunotherapy isiza amasosha omzimba ukubona futhi ahlasele amangqamuzana omdlavuza. I-Immunotherapy ibonise isithembiso esibalulekile ekwelapheni okuthuthukile I-RCC. Izibonelo zifaka: I-PD-1 Inhibitors: I-Nivolumab (Opdivo), Pembrolizumab (Keytruda) I-CTLA-4 Inhibitors: I-Ipilimumab (Yervoy) Inhlanganisela ye-Immunotherapy: I-Nivolumab kanye ne-IpilimumabEzinye UkwelashwaEzinye izindlela zokwelapha zingasetshenziswa ezimeni ezithile, njenge: Ukwelapha ngemisebe: Ukusebenzisa imisebe enamandla amakhulu ukubulala amangqamuzana omdlavuza. Ayivamisile ukusetshenziselwa I-RCC, kodwa ingase isetshenziselwe ukwelapha ukuqubuka kwamathambo noma ukukhulula ubuhlungu. Ukwelashwa kwe-Ablation: Amasu afana ne-radiofrequency ablation (RFA) noma i-cryoablation asebenzisa ukushisa noma ukubanda ukuze aqede isimila. Lezi zingase zisetshenziselwe izimila ezincane ezigulini ezingezona ukhetho oluhle lokuhlinzwa. Ukugada Okusebenzayo: Kumathumba amancane kakhulu, akhula kancane, ukubhekwa okusebenzayo (ukuqapha eduze) kungase kube inketho esikhundleni sokwelashwa ngokushesha.I-Prognosis of I-Renal Cell CarcinomaI-prognosis ye I-RCC kuyahlukahluka kuye ngezinto eziningana, okuhlanganisa isigaba somdlavuza, uhlobo oluncane, kanye nempilo yesiguli iyonke. Ukutholwa kusenesikhathi nokwelashwa kubalulekile ukuze kuthuthukiswe imiphumela. Ngokusho kwe Uhlelo lweNational Cancer Institute's SEER, isilinganiso seminyaka engu-5 sokuphila esihlobene sokwenziwa kwendawo I-RCC (umdlavuza ongasabalele ngaphandle kwezinso) uphezulu. Nokho, izinga lokusinda lehla kakhulu ezigabeni ezithuthukile zesifo. Isilinganiso Seminyaka Emi-5 Sokusinda Esihlobene Ne-Renal Cell Carcinoma Isigaba 5-Yeminyaka Emihlanu Yokusinda Kwesihlobo Sasendaweni 93% Esifunda 71% Ekude 15% Zonke Izigaba ZOBONA Ihlanganiswe 76% Lezi zinombolo zisekelwe kubantu okutholwe ukuthi bane I-RCC eminyakeni eminingi edlule, ngakho-ke amazinga okusinda angase abe phezulu manje ngenxa yentuthuko yokwelapha. Ukuze uthole ulwazi lochwepheshe kanye nezinketho zokwelashwa ezithuthukisiwe ze I-Renal Cell Carcinoma, hlola izinhlelo zocwaningo ku I-Shandong Baofa Cancer Research Institute, ezinikezelwe ekuthuthukiseni ukunakekelwa komdlavuza.