izikhungo 10 eziphezulu zokwelapha umdlavuza wamaphaphu

Ukuthola okungcono kakhulu izikhungo 10 eziphezulu zokwelapha umdlavuza wamaphaphu ibalulekile emiphumeleni eyimpumelelo. Umhlahlandlela wethu uqokomisa izikhungo eziholayo ezaziwa ngemishanguzo emisha yokwelapha, izazi ze-oncologists, nokunakekelwa okugxiliswe esigulini, ezinikeza ithemba nezinga lempilo elithuthukisiwe.Ukuqonda Izinketho Zokwelashwa Ngomdlavuza Wamaphaphu Umdlavuza wamaphaphu uyisifo esiyinkimbinkimbi, futhi izindlela zokwelashwa ziyahlukahluka kuye ngohlobo nesigaba somdlavuza, kanye nempilo yonke yesiguli. Uhlelo oluphelele lokwelapha ngokuvamile luhlanganisa inhlanganisela yezindlela zokwelapha. Nakhu ukubheka ezinye izindlela ezivamile: Ukuhlinzwa Ukususwa ngokuhlinzwa kwesimila ngokuvamile kuwumugqa wokuqala wokwelapha umdlavuza wamaphaphu osaqala. Kunezinqubo ezihlukene zokuhlinza, ezihlanganisa:Ukususwa Kwe-Wedge: Ukususwa kwengxenye yephaphu encane, emise okwe-wedge.I-Lobectomy: Ukususwa kwe-lobe yonke yephaphu.I-Pneumonectomy: Ukususwa kwephaphu lonke.Ukwelashwa ngemisebeUkwelapha ngemisebe kusebenzisa imisebe yamandla amakhulu ukubulala amangqamuzana omdlavuza. Ingalethwa ngaphandle (kusuka emshinini ongaphandle komzimba) noma ngaphakathi (ngokubeka izinto ezikhipha imisebe eduze nomdlavuza). Izinhlobo ezisetshenziswa kakhulu zokwelapha ngemisebe zihlanganisa:I-Beam Radiation Therapy yangaphandle (EBRT): Uhlobo oluvame kakhulu, ukuletha imisebe emshinini.I-Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy (SBRT): Iletha imithamo ephezulu yemisebe endaweni eqondiwe ngokunembile ekwelashweni okumbalwa.I-Brachytherapy: Ukwelashwa ngemisebe yangaphakathi, lapho okokusebenza kwe-radioactive kufakwa ngqo ngaphakathi noma eduze kwesimila.I-ChemotherapyI-Chemotherapy isebenzisa izidakamizwa ukuze ibulale amangqamuzana omdlavuza kuwo wonke umzimba. Ivamise ukusetshenziselwa izigaba ezithuthuke kakhulu zomdlavuza wamaphaphu noma ngemva kokuhlinzwa ukuze kuqedwe noma yimaphi amangqamuzana omdlavuza asele.Imithi yokwelapha eqondisiwe ihlasela ama-molecule athile abandakanyeka ekukhuleni nasekusakazekeni kwamangqamuzana omdlavuza. Le mithi ivamise ukusetshenziselwa umdlavuza wamaphaphu ongewona omncane (NSCLC) onokuguquguquka okuthile kofuzo.I-ImmunotherapyImmunotherapy isiza amasosha omzimba ukulwa nomdlavuza. Le mithi ingakhuphula amandla amasosha omzimba okubona futhi ahlasele amangqamuzana omdlavuza. Ama-immune checkpoint inhibitors awuhlobo olujwayelekile lwe-immunotherapy olusetshenziselwa umdlavuza wamaphaphu.Izinto Okufanele Zicatshangwe Lapho Ukhetha Isikhungo SokwelaphaUkukhetha ilungelo izikhungo 10 eziphezulu zokwelapha umdlavuza wamaphaphu kuyisinqumo somuntu siqu. Cabangela lezi zici:Ubuchwepheshe Bethimba Lezokwelapha: Bheka ama-oncologists anolwazi, odokotela abahlinzayo, ama-radiation oncologists, nabanye ochwepheshe.Izinketho Zokwelashwa Ziyatholakala: Isikhungo kufanele sinikeze izinhlobonhlobo zezindlela zokwelapha, okuhlanganisa nentuthuko yakamuva.Izilingo Zomtholampilo: Ukubamba iqhaza ezivivinyweni zomtholampilo kunganikeza ukufinyelela ekwelashweni okuphambili.Izinsizakalo Zokusekela Iziguli: Amasevisi okusekela, afana nokwelulekwa, isiqondiso sokudla okunempilo, namaqembu okusekela, angathuthukisa ukuzizwisa kokwelashwa kukonke.Indawo nokufinyeleleka: Cabangela indawo yesikhungo kanye nokufinyeleleka kwaso kuwe nomndeni wakho.I Izikhungo Eziphezulu Eziyi-10 Zokwelapha Umdlavuza WamaphaphuNakuba kunzima ukusungula izinga eliqinisekile, lezi zikhungo ziqashelwa njalo ngobuhle bazo ekwelapheni umdlavuza wamaphaphu (Azifakwanga ohlwini olungahlelekile):I-University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center (Houston, TX): Yaziwa ngokunakekelwa okuphelele komdlavuza, ucwaningo, nezivivinyo zomtholampilo. MD Anderson Cancer Centre inikezelwe ekuqedeni umdlavuza.I-Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Centre (eNew York, NY): Isikhungo somdlavuza esihamba phambili esigxile ocwaningweni, ekusungulweni okusha, nasekunakekelweni kwesiguli.I-Mayo Clinic (Izindawo Eziningi): Inikeza ukunakekelwa okuphelele komdlavuza ngendlela ehlukahlukene. I IMayo ClinicAmakhampasi anikeza izinketho ezihlukahlukene.I-Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (Boston, MA): Isikhungo somdlavuza esaziwayo esixhumene ne-Harvard Medical School.Johns Hopkins Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Centre (Baltimore, MD): Inikeza ukwelashwa komdlavuza okuthuthukisiwe nezinhlelo zocwaningo.I-UCLA Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center (Los Angeles, CA): Isikhungo somdlavuza esihamba phambili esigxile ocwaningweni nasezindleleni ezintsha zokwelapha.I-University of Pennsylvania Isikhungo Somdlavuza sase-Abramson (Philadelphia, PA): Inikeza ukunakekelwa okuphelele komdlavuza kanye nezinhlelo zocwaningo.I-Northwestern Medicine i-Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Centre (Chicago, IL): Ihlinzeka ngokwelashwa komdlavuza okuthuthukile kanye nocwaningo.I-Stanford Cancer Institute (Stanford, CA): Isikhungo somdlavuza esihamba phambili esigxile ocwaningweni nasekunakekelweni kwesiguli.I-Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center (Nashville, TN): Inikeza ukunakekelwa okuphelele komdlavuza kanye nezinhlelo zocwaningo.Izinto ezintsha Zokwelapha Umdlavuza Wamaphaphu Ukwelashwa komdlavuza wamaphaphu kuhlala kuvela. Ezinye zezinto ezintsha ezithembisayo zihlanganisa:I-Liquid BiopsiesI-Liquid biopsies ukuhlolwa kwegazi okungathola i-DNA yomdlavuza noma amangqamuzana omdlavuza azungeza egazini. Zingasetshenziselwa ukuqapha impendulo yokwelashwa, ukubona ukuphindaphinda, nokukhomba ukuguqulwa kwezakhi zofuzo.Izindlela zokuhlinza ezingavamile ezingavamile, njengokuhlinzwa kwe-thoracoscopic (i-VATS) okusizwa ngevidiyo kanye nokuhlinzwa kwe-robotic, kuvumela odokotela abahlinzayo ukuthi basuse izicubu ngezicucu ezincane, okuholela ebuhlungwini obuncane, ukuphulukiswa okusheshayo kwemithi yobuntuUkwelashwa okuthuthukisiwe kuhilela ukwelashwa komuntu okuthuthukisiwe. isiguli ngasinye ngokusekelwe kuphrofayili yabo yofuzo, izici zesimila, nezinye izici. Le ndlela ingasiza ekuthuthukiseni ukusebenza kahle kokwelashwa nokunciphisa imiphumela engemihle.Iqhaza Lezilingo Zomtholampilo Izivivinyo zocwaningo ezihlola izindlela zokwelapha ezintsha noma izindlela ezintsha zokusebenzisa ukwelashwa okukhona. Ukubamba iqhaza esivivinyweni somtholampilo kunganikeza ukufinyelela kumakhambi asezingeni eliphezulu futhi kube negalelo ekuthuthukisweni kokwelashwa komdlavuza wamaphaphu. Ukuxhumana nanoma yikuphi kwe izikhungo 10 eziphezulu zokwelapha umdlavuza wamaphaphu ingakuholela ekuhlolweni komtholampilo okubalulekile.Izici Zendlela Yokuphila Nokunakekelwa OkusekelayoNgaphezu kokwelashwa, izici zendlela yokuphila nokunakekelwa okusekelayo kudlala indima ebalulekile ekulawuleni umdlavuza wamaphaphu. Lokhu kubandakanya:Ukuyeka Ukubhema: Ukuyeka ukubhema kubalulekile ekuthuthukiseni imiphumela yokwelashwa nokuvimbela ukuphindeka.Ukudla okunomsoco: Ukugcina ukudla okunempilo kungasiza ukuqinisa amasosha omzimba futhi kuthuthukise inhlalakahle yonke.Ukuzivocavoca: Ukuzivocavoca njalo kungasiza ekunciphiseni ukukhathala, ukuthuthukisa isimo sengqondo, futhi kuthuthukise izinga lempilo.Ukulawula Ukucindezeleka: Ukucindezeleka kungenza amasosha omzimba abe buthaka futhi kube nomthelela omubi emiphumeleni yokwelashwa. Amasu anjenge-yoga, ukuzindla, nokuphefumula okujulile kungasiza ekulawuleni ukucindezeleka.I-Shandong Baofa Cancer Research Institute, nakuba ingafakwanga ohlwini lwabaphezulu abayi-10 ngenhla, iyayiqonda indlela ephelele edingekayo ukuze kube yimpumelelo ukwelashwa komdlavuza. Sikhuthaza ucwaningo nokusebenzisana ekwelapheni umdlavuza, sihlose ukuphila kahle kwesiguli.Ukuqonda Isigaba 4 Ukwelashwa Komdlavuza WamaphaphuIsigaba 4 somdlavuza wamaphaphu, owaziwa nangokuthi umdlavuza wamaphaphu we-metastatic, kusho ukuthi umdlavuza ususabalele kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba. Nakuba ukwelapha kungase kungenzeki ngaso sonke isikhathi kulesi sigaba, izindlela zokwelapha ezihlukahlukene zingasiza ekulawuleni lesi sifo, kuthuthukise izinga lempilo, futhi kwandise ukuphila. Izinketho zokwelapha umdlavuza wamaphaphu wesigaba 4 zihlanganisa:Izindlela zokwelapha zesistimu: I-Chemotherapy, ukwelashwa okuhlosiwe, kanye ne-immunotherapy kuvame ukusetshenziselwa ukwelapha umdlavuza wamaphaphu wesigaba sesi-4. Ukukhethwa kwendlela yokwelapha kuncike ohlotsheni lomdlavuza wamaphaphu, ukuba khona koshintsho oluthile lwezakhi zofuzo, kanye nempilo yesiguli iyonke.Ukwelapha ngemisebe: Ukwelashwa ngemisebe kungasetshenziswa ukuze kudambise izimpawu ezinjengobuhlungu noma ukuphelelwa umoya okubangelwa izimila emaphashini noma kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba.Ukuhlinzwa: Kwezinye izimo, ukuhlinzwa kungase kube inketho yokususa ama-metastase angawodwa noma ukukhulula izimpawu.Ukunakekelwa kwe-Palliative: Ukunakekelwa kwe-Palliative kugxile ekudambiseni izimpawu kanye nokwenza ngcono izinga lempilo ezigulini ezinomdlavuza osekhulile. Lokhu kungabandakanya ukulawula izinhlungu, ukwesekwa ngokomsoco, nokusekelwa ngokomzwelo.Izinsiza Zeziguli Zomdlavuza Wamaphaphu NemindeniIzinhlangano eziningi zinikeza ulwazi, ukwesekwa, kanye nezinsiza ezigulini ezinomdlavuza wamaphaphu kanye nemindeni yazo. Lokhu kubandakanya:I-American Lung Association: Inikeza ulwazi mayelana nomdlavuza wamaphaphu, amaqembu okusekela, nemizamo yokumela.I-Lung Cancer Research Foundation: Ixhasa ngezimali ucwaningo ngomdlavuza wamaphaphu futhi inikeza ulwazi ezigulini nasemindenini.Ucwaningo lweCancer e-UK: Ihlinzeka ngolwazi mayelana nomdlavuza, okuhlanganisa nomdlavuza wamaphaphu, emphakathini kanye nabasebenzi bezempilo.Ukuthola ilungelo izikhungo 10 eziphezulu zokwelapha umdlavuza wamaphaphu kudinga ukucwaninga nokucatshangelwa ngokucophelela. Ngokuqonda izinketho zakho nokusebenza eduze nethimba lakho lokunakekelwa kwezempilo, ungenza izinqumo ezinolwazi mayelana nohlelo lwakho lokwelashwa futhi uthuthukise amathuba akho omphumela oyimpumelelo. Ukuqhathaniswa Kokwelashwa Komdlavuza Wamaphaphu Okuvamile Incazelo Ukusetshenziswa Okuvamile Okungaba Imiphumela Engase Side Ukuhlinzwa Ukususwa ngokomzimba kwezicubu ezinomdlavuza. Umdlavuza wamaphaphu wesigaba sokuqala. Ubuhlungu, ukutheleleka, ukopha, ukuphefumula. I-Radiation Therapy Isebenzisa imisebe enamandla amakhulu ukubulala amangqamuzana omdlavuza. Izigaba ezihlukahlukene, ukukhululeka kwezimpawu. Ukukhathala, ukucasuka kwesikhumba, ukukhwehlela, ukuphelelwa umoya. I-Chemotherapy Isebenzisa izidakamizwa ukubulala amangqamuzana omdlavuza. Izigaba ezithuthukisiwe, ngemva kokuhlinzwa. Isicanucanu, ukuhlanza, ukukhathala, ukulahlekelwa izinwele. Ukwelashwa Okuqondisiwe Kuqondiswe kuma-molecule athile abandakanyeka ekukhuleni komdlavuza. I-NSCLC enezinguquko ezithile. Ukuqubuka kwesikhumba, isifo sohudo, izinkinga zesibindi. I-Immunotherapy Ikhuthaza amasosha omzimba ukulwa nomdlavuza. Izigaba ezithuthukile, izinhlobo ezithile zomdlavuza wamaphaphu. Ukukhathala, ukuqubuka, ukusabela kwe-autoimmune.