izindlela zokwelapha umdlavuza wamaphaphu

Izinketho Zokwelapha Umdlavuza Wamaphaphu

Umdlavuza wamaphaphu uyisifo esiyingozi, kodwa ukuthuthuka ekwelashweni kuye kwaba ngcono kakhulu imiphumela. Lo mhlahlandlela ophelele uhlola okuhlukahlukene izindlela zokwelapha umdlavuza wamaphaphu, ikusiza ukuthi uqonde izindlela ezitholakalayo kanye nezinzuzo zazo ezingaba khona kanye nezithiyo. Sizofaka ucwaningo lwakamuva futhi sigcizelele ukubaluleka kwezinhlelo zokwelashwa ezenzelwe umuntu siqu eziqondiswa odokotela abanolwazi lwe-oncologist. Ukuqonda izinketho zakho kubalulekile ekwenzeni izinqumo ezinolwazi mayelana nohambo lwakho lokunakekelwa kwezempilo.

Ukuqonda Umdlavuza Wamaphaphu Nezigaba zawo

Umdlavuza wamaphaphu uhlukaniswe waba izinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko: umdlavuza wamaphaphu omncane we-cell (SCLC) kanye nomdlavuza wamaphaphu ongewona omncane (NSCLC). I-NSCLC ibalela iningi lamacala omdlavuza wamaphaphu. Isiteji, esinquma izinga lokusabalala komdlavuza, kubalulekile ekunqumeni okufanele izindlela zokwelapha umdlavuza wamaphaphu. Izigaba zisuka ku-I (ezendawo) kuye ku-IV (i-metastatic), ezithonya amasu okwelapha. Isiteji esinembile, ngokuvamile esibandakanya ukuhlolwa kwesithombe njengama-CT scan nama-biopsies, kubaluleke kakhulu.

Okuvamile Ukwelapha Izinketho Zokwelapha Umdlavuza Wamaphaphu

Ukuhlinzwa

Ukususwa ngokuhlinzwa kwesimila kuyinketho yomdlavuza wamaphaphu osesigabeni sokuqala. Amasu ahlanganisa i-lobectomy (ukususwa kwe-lung lobe), i-pneumonectomy (ukususwa kwephaphu lonke), kanye nokukhishwa kwe-wedge (ukususwa kwengxenye encane yezicubu zamaphaphu). Impumelelo yokuhlinzwa incike ezintweni ezifana nosayizi wesimila, indawo, kanye nempilo yesiguli iyonke. I-Shandong Baofa Cancer Research Institute, (https://www.baofahospital.com/), inikeza amasu okuhlinza athuthukile kanye nodokotela abahlinzayo abanolwazi.

I-Chemotherapy

I-Chemotherapy isebenzisa izidakamizwa ukubulala amangqamuzana omdlavuza. Ivamise ukusetshenziselwa umdlavuza wamaphaphu osezingeni eliphezulu, kungaba uwedwa noma uhlanganiswe nezinye izindlela zokwelapha. Imithi ejwayelekile ye-chemotherapy yomdlavuza wamaphaphu ihlanganisa i-cisplatin, i-carboplatin, ne-paclitaxel. Imiphumela emibi iyehluka kodwa ingabandakanya isicanucanu, ukukhathala, nokulahlekelwa izinwele. Ukuqapha ngokucophelela nokunakekelwa okusekelayo kubalulekile ngesikhathi sokwelashwa ngamakhemikhali.

Ukwelapha Ngemisebe

Ukwelapha ngemisebe kusebenzisa imisebe enamandla amakhulu ukulimaza amangqamuzana omdlavuza futhi kushwabane izimila. Ingasetshenziswa iyodwa noma ihlanganiswe nezinye izindlela zokwelapha. Ukwelashwa ngemisebe yangaphandle kuvame kakhulu, ukuletha imisebe emshinini ongaphandle komzimba. Ukwelashwa ngemisebe yangaphakathi (i-brachytherapy) kuhilela ukubeka izinto ezikhipha imisebe ngokuqondile ngaphakathi noma eduze kwesimila.

Ukwelapha Okuhlosiwe

Ukwelapha okuhlosiwe kusebenzisa izidakamizwa eziqondise amangqamuzana omdlavuza, okunciphisa ukulimala kwamaseli anempilo. Lezi zindlela zokwelapha zivame ukusetshenziselwa i-NSCLC ngokuguquguquka okuthile kofuzo. Izibonelo zifaka ama-EGFR inhibitors (njenge-gefitinib ne-erlotinib) nama-ALK inhibitors (njenge-crizotinib). Ukuhlolwa kofuzo kubalulekile ukuze kunqunywe ukufaneleka kwemithi yokwelapha eqondiwe.

I-Immunotherapy

I-Immunotherapy ihlanganisa amasosha omzimba ukulwa nomdlavuza. Kuya ngokuya kubaluleke kakhulu ekwelashweni komdlavuza wamaphaphu. Ama-immune checkpoint inhibitors, njenge-pembrolizumab ne-nivolumab, avimba amaprotheni avimbela amasosha omzimba ekuhlaseleni amaseli omdlavuza. I-Immunotherapy ingaba nemiphumela emibi ebalulekile, edinga ukuqapha okuseduze.

Ukukhetha Okulungile Ukwelapha Izinketho Zokwelapha Umdlavuza Wamaphaphu

Okungcono kakhulu izindlela zokwelapha umdlavuza wamaphaphu kuncike ezicini ezihlukahlukene, okuhlanganisa isigaba somdlavuza, uhlobo, kanye nempilo yesiguli iyonke. Ithimba lochwepheshe bemikhakha ehlukahlukene, okuhlanganisa odokotela be-oncologists, odokotela abahlinzayo, odokotela be-radiation oncologists, nabanye ochwepheshe bezokunakekelwa kwezempilo, lisebenza ndawonye ukuze lenze uhlelo lokwelapha lomuntu siqu. Lolu hlelo lucubungula izinzuzo ezingaba khona, ubungozi, kanye nemiphumela engemihle yenketho ngayinye yokwelashwa, ihambisane nezidingo zomuntu ngamunye kanye nalokho akuthandayo.

Ucwaningo Oluqhubekayo Neziqondiso Zesikhathi esizayo

Ucwaningo luhlala luthuthukisa ukuqonda kwethu umdlavuza wamaphaphu kanye nokwenza ngcono izindlela zokwelapha. Izivivinyo zemitholampilo zinikeza ukufinyelela ekwelashweni okuphambili futhi zifaka isandla entuthukweni yesikhathi esizayo izindlela zokwelapha umdlavuza wamaphaphu. Ukuhlala unolwazi ngocwaningo lwakamuva nokuxoxa ngokubamba iqhaza ezivivinyweni zomtholampilo nodokotela wakho we-oncologist kubalulekile.

Umshwana wokuzihlangula: Lolu lwazi ngelezinjongo zokufundisa kuphela futhi aluhlanganisi iseluleko sezokwelapha. Hlala uthintana nochwepheshe bezempilo ukuze uxilongwe futhi welashwe.