ukwelashwa umdlavuza wamaphaphu

Ukuqonda Nokuzulazula Ukwelashwa Ukwelashwa Komdlavuza Wamaphaphu IzinkethoLe ndatshana ihlinzeka ngombono obanzi wezinketho zokwelapha umdlavuza wamaphaphu, ikusiza ukuthi uqonde izindlela ezahlukahlukene nokucatshangelwa okuhilelekile ekukhetheni indlela efanele. Sihlola izindlela zokwelashwa ezihlukene, ukusebenza kahle kwazo, imiphumela engemihle engaba khona, nokubaluleka kokunakekelwa komuntu siqu. Ulwazi olunikeziwe lolwezinjongo zokufundisa futhi akufanele luthathwe njengeseluleko sezokwelapha. Hlala uthintana nomhlinzeki wakho wokunakekelwa kwezempilo ukuze uthole ukuxilongwa kanye nezinhlelo zokwelashwa.

Izinhlobo ze Ukwelashwa Komdlavuza wamaphaphu

Ukuhlinzwa

Ukususwa ngokuhlinzwa kwesimila esinomdlavuza kuyindlela evamile yesigaba sokuqala ukwelashwa komdlavuza wamaphaphu. Uhlobo lokuhlinzwa luncike endaweni kanye nosayizi wesimila, kanye nempilo yesiguli iyonke. Lokhu kungase kuhlanganise i-lobectomy (ukususwa kwe-lobe), i-pneumonectomy (ukususwa kwephaphu lonke), noma ukukhishwa kwe-wedge (ukususwa kwengxenye encane yephaphu). Izinga lokuphumelela kokuhlinzwa liyahlukahluka kuye ngezinto ezihlukahlukene, futhi ukunakekelwa kwangemva kokuhlinzwa kubalulekile ukuze umuntu alulame.

I-Chemotherapy

I-Chemotherapy isebenzisa imithi ukubulala amangqamuzana omdlavuza kuwo wonke umzimba. Ivamise ukusetshenziswa kanye nezinye izindlela zokwelapha, ezinjengokuhlinzwa noma ukwelashwa ngemisebe, ye ukwelashwa komdlavuza wamaphaphu. Izidakamizwa ezivamile ze-chemotherapy ezisetshenziselwa umdlavuza wamaphaphu zihlanganisa i-cisplatin, i-carboplatin, i-paclitaxel, ne-docetaxel. Imiphumela engemihle ingahluka kodwa ngokuvamile ihlanganisa isicanucanu, ukukhathala, nokulahlekelwa izinwele. Uhlu lwemithi ethile lwenzelwe isiguli ngasinye kanye nesigaba somdlavuza waso.

Ukwelapha Ngemisebe

Ukwelapha ngemisebe kusebenzisa imisebe enamandla amakhulu ukucekela phansi amangqamuzana omdlavuza. Ingasetshenziselwa ukushwabanisa amathumba ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa, ukucekela phansi amangqamuzana omdlavuza asele ngemva kokuhlinzwa, noma njengokwelashwa okuyinhloko kwabathuthukisiwe. ukwelashwa komdlavuza wamaphaphu. Ukwelashwa ngemisebe yangaphandle kuwuhlobo oluvame kakhulu, kodwa i-brachytherapy (imisebe yangaphakathi) ingase isetshenziswe. Imiphumela emibi yokukhishwa kwemisebe ingabandakanya ukucasuka kwesikhumba, ukukhathala, nokuphelelwa umoya.

Ukwelapha Okuhlosiwe

Imithi yokwelapha ehlosiwe igxile kuma-molecule athile ahilelekile ekukhuleni kwamangqamuzana omdlavuza. Lezi zindlela zokwelapha zisebenza kuphela ezinhlotsheni ezithile zomdlavuza wamaphaphu ezinokuguquguquka okuthile kofuzo. Izibonelo zifaka ama-EGFR inhibitors (njenge-erlotinib ne-gefitinib) nama-ALK inhibitors (njenge-crizotinib). Ukwelashwa okuhlosiwe ngokuvamile kunemiphumela emibi embalwa kune-chemotherapy.

I-Immunotherapy

I-Immunotherapy ihlanganisa amasosha omzimba ukuze alwe namaseli omdlavuza. Lezi zindlela zokwelapha zisiza amasosha omzimba ukubona futhi ahlasele amangqamuzana omdlavuza ngempumelelo. Ama-Checkpoint inhibitors, njenge-pembrolizumab ne-nivolumab, ajwayele ukusetshenziselwa ukwelashwa komdlavuza wamaphaphu. I-Immunotherapy ingaba nemiphumela emibi kakhulu, eminye yayo ingaba nzima.

Ukukhetha Okulungile Ukwelashwa Ukwelashwa Komdlavuza Wamaphaphu Hlela

Indlela engcono kakhulu yoku ukwelashwa komdlavuza wamaphaphu kuncike kakhulu ekuziphatheni komuntu ngamunye futhi kuncike ezintweni eziningi, okuhlanganisa uhlobo nesigaba somdlavuza, impilo yesiguli iyonke, kanye nalokho esikukhethayo. Ithimba lezinhlaka eziningi, ngokuvamile elihlanganisa odokotela be-oncologists, odokotela abahlinzayo, odokotela be-radioologists, nabanye ochwepheshe, lizosebenza ndawonye ukuze lenze uhlelo lokwelapha lomuntu siqu. Kubalulekile ukuthi ube nokuxhumana okuvulekile nomhlinzeki wakho wokunakekelwa kwezempilo ukuze wenze izinqumo ezinolwazi mayelana nokunakekelwa kwakho.

Okuthuthukile Ukwelashwa Komdlavuza wamaphaphu Izinketho

Ezigulini ezinomdlavuza wamaphaphu othuthukile, izinketho zokwelapha zingabandakanya inhlanganisela ye-chemotherapy, ukwelashwa ngemisebe, ukwelashwa okuhlosiwe, kanye nokwelashwa kwamasosha omzimba. Izivivinyo zemitholampilo nazo zingacatshangelwa, zinikeze ukufinyelela ezindleleni zokwelashwa ezisha. Ukunakekelwa kwe-Palliative kugxile ekuthuthukiseni izinga lempilo nokulawula izimpawu kuyo yonke inqubo yokwelashwa.

Izinsiza Nokwesekwa

Izinhlangano eziningana zinikeza ukwesekwa nezinsiza kubantu ngabanye nemindeni ehlaselwe umdlavuza wamaphaphu. Lezi zihlanganisa i-American Lung Association kanye ne-Lung Cancer Research Foundation. Lezi zinhlangano zinikeza ulwazi, amaqembu okusekela, nemizamo yokumela. Ukuxhumana nalezi zinsiza kunganikeza usizo olubalulekile olungokomzwelo nolungokoqobo phakathi nalesi sikhathi esiyinselele. Ukuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe, ungase ucabange ukuvakashela i- I-Shandong Baofa Cancer Research Institute iwebhusayithi.

Ukuqhathaniswa Kwezindlela Zokwelapha

Indlela Yokwelapha	Ukusebenza kahle	Imiphumela Emibi
Ukuhlinzwa	Isebenza kahle kakhulu kumdlavuza wesigaba sokuqala	Ubuhlungu, ukutheleleka, ubunzima bokuphefumula
I-Chemotherapy	Isebenza ngempumelelo ezigabeni ezahlukahlukene, evame ukusetshenziswa ngokuhlanganiswa	Isicanucanu, ukukhathala, ukulahlekelwa izinwele, ukucindezelwa kwamasosha omzimba
Ukwelapha Ngemisebe	Isebenza kahle kumdlavuza wendawo, ingashwabana izimila	Ukucasuka kwesikhumba, ukukhathala, ukuphelelwa umoya
Ukwelapha Okuhlosiwe	Isebenza ngokuguquguquka okuthile kofuzo	Ngokuvamile mincane imiphumela emibi kune-chemotherapy
I-Immunotherapy	Isebenza ezinhlotsheni ezithile kanye nezigaba zomdlavuza wamaphaphu	Kungaba nemiphumela engemihle ephawulekayo futhi enamandla amakhulu

Umshwana wokuzihlangula: Lolu lwazi lwenzelwe izinjongo zokufundisa kuphela futhi akufanele luthathwe njengeseluleko sezokwelapha. Hlala uthintana nomhlinzeki wakho wokunakekelwa kwezempilo nganoma yikuphi ukukhathazeka ngezempilo noma ngaphambi kokwenza noma yiziphi izinqumo ezihlobene nempilo noma ukwelashwa kwakho.