isigaba sokwelashwa ukwelashwa komdlavuza wamaphaphu

Isigaba Sokuqala Ukwelapha Umdlavuza Wamaphaphu: Umhlahlandlela OpheleleUkuqonda izici ezihlukahlukene zesigaba sokuqala sokwelashwa komdlavuza wamaphaphu kubalulekile ekulawuleni ngempumelelo kanye nemiphumela ethuthukisiwe. Lo mhlahlandlela unikeza umbono oningiliziwe wezinketho ezitholakalayo, ugxile ezindleleni ezisekelwe ebufakazini kanye nokunakekelwa okugxile esigulini. Sizohlola izindlela zokwelashwa ezahlukahlukene, imiphumela engemihle engaba khona, kanye nokubaluleka kwezinhlelo zokwelashwa eziqondene nawe.

Ukuxilongwa kanye Nezigaba

Ukuxilongwa okunembile kuyisisekelo sokusebenza ngempumelelo isigaba sokwelashwa ukwelashwa komdlavuza wamaphaphu. Lokhu ngokuvamile kuhilela inhlanganisela yamasu okucabanga (CT scans, PET scans), biopsy, kanye ne-bronchoscopy engase ibe khona. Isiteji, esinquma izinga lokusabalala komdlavuza, kubaluleke kakhulu ekuqondiseni izinqumo zokwelashwa. Isigaba I somdlavuza wamaphaphu sibonisa ukuthi umdlavuza uvalelwe emaphashini futhi awukasabaleli kuma-lymph nodes noma kwezinye izitho. Izigaba ezithile (i-IA kanye ne-IB) ziqhubeka nokucwenga usayizi wesimila kanye nokubandakanyeka kwe-lymph node. Isiteji esiqondile sivumela indlela ehambisanayo isigaba sokwelashwa ukwelashwa komdlavuza wamaphaphu.

Ukuqonda Isiteji IA kanye ne-IB Lung Cancer

Isigaba IA somdlavuza wamaphaphu sibonakala ngosayizi wesimila esincanyana (ngaphansi kwamasentimitha angu-2) ngaphandle kokubandakanyeka kwe-lymph node, kuyilapho isigaba IB sihilela isimila esikhudlwana (amasentimitha angu-2-5) noma sisakazekele kuma-lymph node esifunda. Umehluko phakathi kwalezi zigaba ezincane uthonya izincomo zokwelapha.

Izinketho Zokwelashwa Zesigaba Sokuqala Umdlavuza Wamaphaphu

Kunezinketho zokwelashwa eziningana zomdlavuza wamaphaphu wesigaba sokuqala, ngokuhlinzwa okuyindlela eyinhloko ezimeni eziningi.

Ukuhlinza Kabusha: Itshe Legumbi Lokwelapha

Ukukhishwa kabusha kokuhlinzwa, ukususwa kwezicubu zamaphaphu ezinomdlavuza, kuvame ukuba yindlela yokwelapha ekhethwayo yomdlavuza wamaphaphu wesigaba I. Lokhu kungabandakanya i-lobectomy (ukususwa kwe-lobe yamaphaphu), i-segmentectomy (ukususwa kwengxenye yamaphaphu), noma ukukhishwa kwe-wedge (ukususwa komphetho omncane wezicubu zamaphaphu). Ukukhethwa kwenqubo kuncike ezintweni ezifana nendawo yesimila, ubukhulu, nempilo yesiguli. Amasu ahlasela kancane, njengokuhlinzwa kwethoracic okusizwa ngevidiyo (i-VATS), aya ngokuya esetshenziswa ukuze kuncishiswe isikhathi sokulimala kanye nokululama. Indlela yokuhlinzwa ye isigaba sokwelashwa ukwelashwa komdlavuza wamaphaphu kucatshangelwa ngokucophelela ngokusekelwe ezimweni zomuntu ngamunye.

Ukwelashwa Kwe-Adjuvant: Ukuthuthukisa Ukusebenza Kokwelapha

Kwezinye izimo, imishanguzo ye-adjuvant, efana ne-chemotherapy noma i-radiation therapy, ingase inconywe ngemva kokuhlinzwa ukuze kwehliswe ingozi yokuphinda. Lezi zivame ukusetshenziswa uma kunobungozi obukhulu bokubuya komdlavuza, kunqunywa izici ezifana nezici zesimila noma ukubandakanyeka kwe-lymph node. Isinqumo sokusebenzisa imishanguzo ye-adjuvant ngemuva kokuhlinzwa kabusha isigaba sokwelashwa ukwelashwa komdlavuza wamaphaphu kwenziwa okomuntu siqu futhi kuxoxwa kabanzi nodokotela we-oncologist wesiguli.

Ukwelapha Ngemisebe: Enye Eyezimo Ezikhethiwe

Ukwelashwa ngemisebe, kusetshenziswa imishayo enamandla amakhulu ukubulala amangqamuzana omdlavuza, kungase kube inketho ezigulini ezingezona izikhandidethi zokuhlinzwa ngenxa yobudala, ukugula okuhambisana nakho, noma ezinye izici. I-stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT), uhlobo olunembe kakhulu lokwelapha ngemisebe, ivamise ukusetshenziselwa umdlavuza wamaphaphu omncane, osesigabeni sokuqala. Kodwa-ke, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi ukuhlinzwa kuhlala kuyindinganiso yokunakekelwa kweziguli eziningi ezinomdlavuza wamaphaphu wesigaba I.

Ukwelashwa Okuhlosiwe kanye ne-Immunotherapy

Nakuba kungavamile ukusetshenziswa njengokwelashwa okuyinhloko komdlavuza wamaphaphu wesigaba I, izindlela zokwelapha ezihlosiwe kanye nama-immunotherapies angase adlale indima ezimweni ezithile. Lezi zindlela zokwelapha ziqondise kuma-molecule athile ngaphakathi kwamaseli omdlavuza noma zisebenzisa amasosha omzimba ukuze alwe nomdlavuza. Isinqumo sokusebenzisa lezi zindlela zokwelapha isigaba sokwelashwa ukwelashwa komdlavuza wamaphaphu yenziwa ngesisekelo secala ngalinye futhi isekelwe kumaka ofuzo athile esimila.

Ukukhetha Uhlelo Lokwelapha Olulungile

Uhlelo lokwelapha olungcono kakhulu lwesigaba sokuqala somdlavuza wamaphaphu lunqunywa isiguli ngesiguli, kucatshangelwa izici ezihlukahlukene:

Isici	Ukucabangela
Usayizi wesimila nendawo	Inomthelela endleleni yokuhlinzwa kanye nokuba nokwenzeka.
Impilo yesiguli iyonke	Inquma ukubekezelela ukuhlinzwa nokunye ukwelashwa.
Omaka bofuzo	Ingase ibe nomthelela ekukhethweni kokwelashwa okuhlosiwe noma i-immunotherapy.
Izintandokazi zomuntu siqu	Ukuthathwa kwezinqumo okwabiwe kubalulekile ukuze kube nemiphumela engcono kakhulu yesiguli.

Ithimba lezinhlaka eziningi, okuhlanganisa odokotela abahlinzayo, odokotela be-oncologists, odokotela be-radioologists, nabanye ochwepheshe, ngokuvamile bayasebenzisana ukuze benze uhlelo olubanzi lokwelapha oluklanyelwe izidingo zesiguli ngasinye. Lokhu kuqinisekisa indlela ephumelela kakhulu futhi yomuntu siqu isigaba sokwelashwa ukwelashwa komdlavuza wamaphaphu. Ukuze uthole ukunakekelwa okuphelele komdlavuza kanye nezinketho zokwelashwa ezithuthukisiwe, cabanga ukuhlola izinsiza nobungcweti obutholakalayo I-Shandong Baofa Cancer Research Institute.

Ukunakekelwa Kwangemva Kokwelashwa Nokulandelela

Ngemva kokwelashwa, ukuqokwa kokulandelela okuvamile kubalulekile ukuze kuqashwe ukuphindeka nokulawula noma yimiphi imiphumela emibi engase ibe khona. Lawa ma-aphoyintimenti ngokuvamile abandakanya izifundo zokuthwebula izithombe nokuhlolwa kwegazi. Ukutholwa kusenesikhathi kokuphindeka kubalulekile ukuze kuphathwe ngendlela efanele.

Umshwana wokuzihlangula

Lolu lwazi luhloselwe izinjongo zemfundo kuphela futhi akufanele luthathwe njengeseluleko sezokwelapha. Hlala uthintana nochwepheshe bezempilo abaqeqeshiwe ukuze uthole ukuxilongwa kanye nezincomo zokwelashwa. Ulwazi olunikezwe lapha akufanele luthathelwe indawo iseluleko sezokwelapha esichwepheshile esivela kudokotela wakho noma omunye umhlinzeki wezempilo oqeqeshiwe. Kufanele ngaso sonke isikhathi ufune iseluleko sikadokotela wakho noma omunye umhlinzeki wezempilo oqeqeshiwe nganoma yimiphi imibuzo ongase ube nayo mayelana nesimo sezokwelapha. Ungalokothi udebe iseluleko sezokwelapha esichwepheshile noma ubambezeleke ukusifuna ngenxa yento oyifunde kule webhusayithi.[Imithombo: (Faka imithombo efanele lapha, ucaphuna izifundo ezithile neziqondiso ezivela ezinhlanganweni ezihlonishwayo njengeNational Cancer Institute, American Cancer Society, njll.)]