Ukhetho lonyango lomhlaza wemiphunga kwizibhedlele

Iinketho zoNyango loMhlaza weLung: Izibhedlele eziPhambili kunye noNyango oluPhezulu ukhetho lomhlaza wamalung luntsonkothile kwaye luyahluka ngokuxhomekeke kwinqanaba lomhlaza, impilo yesigulana iyonke, kunye nohlobo oluthile lomhlaza wemiphunga. Esi sikhokelo sibanzi siphonononga iindlela ezahlukeneyo zonyango ezikhoyo, kubandakanya utyando, ichemotherapy, unyango lweradiation, unyango olujoliswe kuyo, i-immunotherapy, kunye nokhathalelo oluxhasayo. Siza kuqaqambisa izibhedlele eziphambili kunye nobuchule bazo ukhetho lonyango lomhlaza wemiphunga.

Ukuqonda uMhlaza wemiphunga kunye naManqanaba oNyango

Iintlobo zomhlaza wemiphunga

Umhlaza wemiphunga uhlelwa ngokubanzi ube ziindidi ezimbini eziphambili: umhlaza wemiphunga weseli encinci (SCLC) kunye nomhlaza wemiphunga weseli ongengomncinci (NSCLC). I-NSCLC yenza uninzi lwezehlo zomhlaza wemiphunga kwaye yahlulwe ngakumbi kwi-adenocarcinoma, i-squamous cell carcinoma, kunye ne-cell carcinoma enkulu. Uhlobo lomhlaza wemiphunga luchaphazela kakhulu isicwangciso sonyango.

Umhlaza wemiphunga

Iqonga limisela ubungakanani bokunwenwa komhlaza. Amanqanaba aqala kwi-I (indawo) ukuya kwi-IV (metastatic). Iqonga libalulekile ekukhetheni eyona ifanelekileyo ukhetho lonyango lomhlaza wemiphunga. Ukulinganisa okuchanekileyo kubandakanya iimvavanyo ze-imaging ezifana ne-CT scans, i-PET scans, kunye ne-biopsies.

IiNdlela eziFumanekayo zoNyango loMhlaza weMiphunga

Utyando

Utyando lujolise ekususeni ithumba lomhlaza kunye nezicubu ezingqongileyo. Uhlobo lotyando luxhomekeke kwindawo kunye nobukhulu bethumba kwaye lunokubandakanya i-lobectomy (ukususwa kwe-lung lobe), i-pneumonectomy (ukususwa komphunga wonke), okanye ukususwa kwe-wedge (ukususwa kwenxalenye encinci yemiphunga). Ubuchwephesha obuncinci botyando busetyenziswa kakhulu ukunciphisa ixesha lokubuyisela kunye neengxaki.

Unyango ngamachiza

Unyango ngamachiza lubandakanya ukusebenzisa amayeza okubulala iiseli zomhlaza. Ihlala isetyenziswa phambi kotyando (neoadjuvant chemotherapy) ukuthoba ithumba, emva kotyando (i-adjuvant chemotherapy) ukunciphisa umngcipheko wokuphinda, okanye njengonyango lokuqala lomhlaza wemiphunga okwinqanaba eliphezulu.

Unyango ngemitha

Unyango lweradiation lusebenzisa imiqadi yamandla aphezulu ukujolisa nokutshabalalisa iiseli zomhlaza. Ingasetyenziswa yodwa okanye idityaniswe nolunye unyango. Unyango lwemitha yemitha yangaphandle lolona hlobo luxhaphakileyo, kodwa ibrachytherapy (imitha yangaphakathi) isenokusetyenziswa.

Unyango ekujoliswe kulo

Unyango ekujoliswe kulo lusebenzisa amachiza ajolise ngokukodwa kwiiseli zomhlaza ngaphandle kokonakalisa iiseli eziphilileyo. Ezi zonyango zisebenza ngokukodwa kwizigulane ezineenguqu ezithile zofuzo, ezifana ne-EGFR, ALK, okanye i-ROS1. Ukuvavanya rhoqo kubalulekile ukuchonga abaviwa abafanelekileyo kwiindlela zonyango ezijoliswe kuzo.

Immunotherapy

I-Immunotherapy idibanisa amajoni omzimba ukulwa neeseli zomhlaza. Olu nyango lunceda amajoni omzimba abone kwaye ahlasele iiseli zomhlaza ngokufanelekileyo. I-Immunotherapy ibonise impumelelo ephawulekayo ekunyangeni ezinye iintlobo zomhlaza wemiphunga.

Ukhathalelo lweNkxaso

Ukhathalelo oluxhasayo lujolise ekulawuleni iimpawu kunye nokuphucula umgangatho wobomi besigulane. Oku kunokubandakanya ukulawulwa kweentlungu, inkxaso yesondlo, unyango lokuphefumla, kunye nenkxaso yengqondo.

Ukukhetha iSibhedlele esiLungileyo kuNyango loMhlaza weMiphunga

Ukukhetha isibhedlele esinobuchule kuso ukhetho lonyango lomhlaza wemiphunga ibalulekile. Khangela izibhedlele ezineengcali ze-oncologists ezinamava, oogqirha botyando lwethoracic, i-radiation oncologists, kunye neqela lezinto ezininzi ezijongene nokhathalelo lomhlaza. Qwalasela izinto ezifana nobuchwepheshe obuphambili, ukuthatha inxaxheba kulingo lwezonyango, kunye neenkonzo zenkxaso yezigulane. Udumo kunye nobungqina besigulane nako kunokubonelela ngengqiqo ebalulekileyo.

Izibhedlele eziphambili kunye nobuGcisa bazo

Ngelixa iingcebiso ezithile zesibhedlele zingaphaya kobubanzi beli nqaku ngokubanzi, kubalulekile ukuphanda izibhedlele ezikummandla wakho kwaye uphonononge iziqinisekiso zazo kunye neziphumo zesigulana. Khangela amaziko anikezela ngezicwangciso ezibanzi, zonyango lweenkqubo ezininzi ukhetho lonyango lomhlaza wemiphunga. Amaziko amaninzi omhlaza amakhulu kunye nezibhedlele zokufundisa zibonelela ngeenkqubo ezikhethekileyo kunye nobuchwepheshe obuphambili. Umzekelo, i IZiko loPhando ngoMhlaza laseShandong Baofa liziko elikhokelayo elizinikele ekuboneleleni ngononophelo lwangoku lomhlaza. Uphando olunzulu lungundoqo ekukhetheni umboneleli wezempilo ongcono ukulawula iimfuno zakho.

Ukuqukumbela

Ukuhamba kunyango lomhlaza wemiphunga kunokuba nzima. Ukuqonda okukhoyo ukhetho lonyango lomhlaza wemiphunga kunye nokukhetha umboneleli wezempilo oqeqeshiweyo ngamanyathelo abalulekileyo. Esi sikhokelo sibonelela ngamagqabantshintshi ngonyango oluqhelekileyo; nangona kunjalo, kubalulekile ukudibana nogqirha wakho ngeengcebiso zomntu kunye nocwangciso lonyango olusekelwe kwiimeko zakho ezithile. Khumbula ukuba ukufunyaniswa kwangoko kunye nokuhlolwa rhoqo kubalulekile ekuphuculeni iziphumo zonyango lomhlaza wemiphunga.