unyango ngemitha kumhlaza wemiphunga abadala

Unyango lwemitha kumhlaza wemiphunga abadala izigulane zifuna ukuqwalaselwa ngenyameko ngenxa yeziphumo ebezingalindelekanga kunye neemeko zempilo ezahlukeneyo. Esi sikhokelo sinika uphononongo olubanzi lweenketho zonyango lwemitha, ukucwangciswa konyango, ulawulo lwesiphumo esisecaleni, kunye nezicwangciso zononophelo ezixhasayo, ezijolise ekuphuculeni umgangatho wobomi kunye neziphumo zabantu abadala abafumana unyango lomhlaza wemiphunga. Igxininisa ukubaluleka kwezicwangciso zonyango olulolwakho kunye nokwenziwa kwezigqibo ngentsebenziswano ebandakanya isigulana, usapho, kunye neqela lezempilo.Ukuqonda uMhlaza weMiphuphu kunye noNyango lweMiphunga Yintoni uMhlaza weMiphunga? Umhlaza wemiphunga sisifo apho iiseli zemiphunga zikhula ngokungalawulekiyo. Kukho iindidi ezimbini eziphambili: umhlaza wemiphunga weseli ongengomncinci (NSCLC) kunye nomhlaza wemiphunga weseli encinci (SCLC). I-NSCLC ixhaphake kakhulu kwaye ibandakanya iintlobo ezincinci ezifana ne-adenocarcinoma, i-squamous cell carcinoma, kunye ne-cell carcinoma enkulu. I-SCLC inobundlongondlongo kwaye isoloko inxulunyaniswe nokutshaya.Isebenza Njani Unyango Lwemitha?Unyango ngemitha isebenzisa imitha yamandla aphezulu okanye amasuntswana ukubulala iiseli zomhlaza. Isebenza ngokonakalisa iDNA ngaphakathi kwezi seli, ithintele ekukhuleni nasekuhlukaneni. Ukusasazeka kwemitha kunokuhanjiswa ngaphandle, kusetyenziswa umatshini ongaphandle komzimba (imitha yemitha yangaphandle), okanye ngaphakathi, ngokubeka imathiriyeli ye-radioactive ngqo okanye kufuphi nethumba (brachytherapy).Unyango ngemitha kuMhlaza weMiphuphu aBakhulileyo: Iingqwalaselo Imiba eNxulumene nobudala Izigulana ezisele zikhulile zihlala zinezinye iimeko zempilo (izifo) ezinokuchaphazela ukunyamezela kwazo unyango ngemitha kumhlaza wemiphunga abadala. Umsebenzi wamalungu, njengentliziyo kunye namandla emiphunga, unokuncitshiswa, okwenza kube lula ukuba babe nemiphumo emibi. Kubalulekile ukuvavanya imeko yempilo yesigulana phambi kokuba uqalise unyango.Ukuvavanya ubuphene kunye neSimo sokuSebenzaUbuqhophololo, imeko yokwanda kobuthathaka kwiixinzelelo, kunye nesimo sokusebenza, umlinganiselo wokukwazi ukwenza imisebenzi yemihla ngemihla, yimiba ebalulekileyo ekunqumeni ukufaneleka unyango ngemitha kumhlaza wemiphunga abadala. Izigulana ezinobuthathaka obubonakalayo okanye ubume bokusebenza kakubi zinokufuna iindlela zonyango ezilungisiweyo okanye ungenelelo lononophelo oluxhasayo.Iintlobo zoNyango lweRadiation for Lung Cancer Unyango lwaNgaphandle lweBeam Radiation (EBRT) i-EBRT ihambisa imitha kumatshini ongaphandle komzimba. Zininzi iindlela ezisetyenziswayo, kuquka: I-3D-Conformal Radiation Therapy (3D-CRT): Ibumba imiqadi yemitha ukuba ihambelane nokumila kwethumba, inciphisa ukuvezwa kwizihlunu ezisempilweni ezingqongileyo. UNyango lweRadiation olwenziwa ngamandla (IMRT): Isebenzisa ii-accelerators ezilawulwa yikhompyuter ukuhambisa iidosi zemitha ezichanekileyo kwithumba. Oku kunokunciphisa iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ngokugcina izicubu ezisempilweni ngakumbi. Unyango lweRadiation Body Stereotactic (SBRT): Ihambisa iidosi eziphezulu zemitha yemitha kwithumba elincinci, elichazwe kakuhle kunyango olumbalwa. Ihlala isetyenziselwa umhlaza wemiphunga wenqanaba lokuqala kwizigulana ezingabaviwa botyando. Unyango lweProton: Isebenzisa iiproton endaweni yeX-reyi. Iiprotoni zibeka uninzi lwamandla azo kubunzulu obuthile, okunokuthi kunciphise ukuvezwa kwezicubu ezisempilweni ezingqongileyo. BrachytherapyBrachytherapy ibandakanya ukubeka imithombo radioactive ngqo okanye kufutshane nethumba. Ayiqhelekanga ukusetyenziswa kumhlaza wemiphunga xa kuthelekiswa ne-EBRT. Inokuqwalaselwa kwiimeko ezithile, ezinjengokunyanga amathumba avale indlela yomoya.UCwangciso loNyango kunye nokulinganisaIndima ye-Oncologist yeRadiationIngcali ye-radiation oncologist ngugqirha ogxile ekusebenziseni ukusasazeka kwemitha ukunyanga umhlaza. Baya kuvavanya imeko yesigulana, bamisele uhlobo olufanelekileyo kunye nethamo lemitha, kwaye bajonge inkqubo yonyango. I-Shandong Baofa Cancer Research Institute isebenzisa ii-oncologists ezikhokelayo ezizinikele kukhathalelo olugxile kwisigulana.Umfanekiso kunye nokulinganisaNgaphambi kokuqala unyango ngemitha kumhlaza wemiphunga abadala, ukulinganisa kwenziwa ukucwangcisa unyango. Oku kubandakanya ukuthabatha imifanekiso eneenkcukacha, efana ne-CT scans, ukuchonga indawo elikuyo ithumba kunye nobungakanani kunye nokwenza imephu yeendawo eziza kunyangwa. Isigulane sibekwe kwitafile yonyango ngendlela efanayo eya kuba ngayo ngexesha lonyango. Unyango ngemitha kuMhlaza weMiphuphu aBakhulileyoIimpembelelo eziPhakamileyoUnyango lwemitha kumhlaza wemiphunga abadala kunokubangela iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga, ezohluka ngokuxhomekeke kwindawo enyangwayo, ithamo lemitha, kunye nempilo yesigulana iyonke. Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga eziqhelekileyo ziquka: Ukudinwa: Ukuziva udiniwe okanye ubuthathaka. Iintshukumo zolusu: Ubomvu, ukucaphuka, okanye ukukhutshwa kwesikhumba kwindawo ephathwayo. I-Esophagitis: Ukudumba komqala, kubangela ubunzima bokuginya. Inyumoniya: Ukuvuvukala kwemiphunga, kubangela ukukhohlela kunye nokuphefumula okufutshane. Ubuchule bokuLawula iSide EffectsAmaqhinga amaninzi anokunceda ukulawula iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga: Amayeza: Ukuphelisa iintlungu, amayeza achasene nesicaphucaphu, kunye namayeza okunyanga i-esophagitis okanye i-pneumonitis. Inkxaso yesondlo: Ukutya ukutya okunempilo kunye nokuhlala u-hydrated kunokunceda ukugcina amandla kunye namanqanaba amandla. Ukhathalelo lolusu: Ukugcina ulusu lucocekile kwaye lufumile kunokunceda ukuthintela ukucaphuka kunye nosulelo. Umthambo: Ukuzivocavoca okuthambileyo kunokunceda ukunciphisa ukukhathala kunye nokuphucula impilo yonke. I-Pneumonitis RiskUphononongo lokubuyela emva lubonise ukuba izigulane ezingaphezu kweminyaka engama-70 zihamba unyango ngemitha kumhlaza wemiphunga abadala babenama-20% amathuba aphezulu okuba ne-pneumonia. Ukufunyaniswa kwangethuba kubalulekile, kwaye iimpawu ezifana nokuphefumla nzima kunye nokukhohlela okomileyo kufuneka zixelwe ngokukhawuleza kwiqela le-oncology ye-radiation.INkxaso yokuKhathalelaUkubaluleka kweQela leeNdlela ezininziIqela lezinto ezininzi, kubandakanywa oogqirha, abongikazi, oonontlalontle, kunye nabezokutya, banokunika ukhathalelo olubanzi lwenkxaso. Eli qela linokunceda ukulawula iimpawu, ukunika inkxaso yeemvakalelo, kunye nokujongana nezinto ezixhalabisayo.Inkxaso yePsychosocialUnyango lomhlaza lunokuba ngumngeni ngokwasemoyeni. Iingcebiso, amaqela enkxaso, kunye nolunye ungenelelo lwengqondo lunokunceda izigulane zijongane noxinzelelo, ukuxhalaba, kunye nokudakumba.Ulandelelaniso lokuQapha ukuPhinda emva kokugqiba unyango ngemitha kumhlaza wemiphunga abadala, ukuqeshwa kokulandelela rhoqo kuyimfuneko ukubeka iliso ukuphindaphinda kunye nokulawula nayiphi na imiphumo emibi yexesha elide. Oku kuqeshwa ngokuqhelekileyo kubandakanya iimviwo zomzimba, iimvavanyo zemifanekiso, kunye novavanyo lwegazi.Ukulawula Imiphumo kadeEzinye iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zonyango lwemitha zinokungabonakali kude kube ziinyanga okanye iminyaka emva konyango. Ezi ziphumo zasemva kwexesha zinokubandakanya i-lung fibrosis (ukonakala kwemiphunga), iingxaki zentliziyo, kunye nomonakalo wemithambo-luvo. Ukubeka iliso okuqhubekekayo kunye nolawulo kubalulekile ukunciphisa ifuthe lezi ziphumo zasemva kwexesha.Ukwenza Izigqibo ezinolwaziUkubaluleka koKuthathwa kwezigqibo ekwabelwana ngako Izigulane kufuneka zibandakanyeke ngokubonakalayo ekwenzeni izigqibo malunga nonyango lwazo. Kufuneka baxoxe ngeenjongo zabo, iinqobo ezisemgangathweni, kunye nezinto abazikhethayo kunye neqela labo lezempilo. Ukwenziwa kwezigqibo ekwabelwana ngako kuqinisekisa ukuba isicwangciso sonyango sihambelana neemfuno kunye neminqweno yesigulana. Imibuzo omawuyibuze kuGqirha wakhoNgaphambi kokuba uqale unyango ngemitha kumhlaza wemiphunga abadala, abaguli bafanele babuze oogqirha babo imibuzo efana nale: Ziziphi iingenelo neengozi zonyango ngemitha? Loluphi olunye unyango olulolunye? Zeziphi iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezinokubakho zonyango ngemitha? Ingaba isicwangciso sonyango siyakulungiswa njani ngokwezidingo zam zomntu ngamnye? Zeziphi iinkonzo zenkxaso ezifumanekayo? UkuqukumbelaUnyango lwemitha kumhlaza wemiphunga abadala Izigulana zingalukhetho olusebenzayo lonyango, kodwa uqwalaselo ngononophelo lwemiba enxulumene nobudala, ubuthathaka, kunye neziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezinokubakhona kubalulekile. Izicwangciso zonyango olulolwakho, ukhathalelo olubanzi lwenkxaso, kunye nokwenziwa kwezigqibo ekwabelwana ngazo kubalulekile ekwandiseni iziphumo kunye nokuphucula umgangatho wobomi babantu abadala abafumana unyango lomhlaza wemiphunga.I-Disclaimer: Olu lwazi lulwazi ngokubanzi kunye neenjongo zolwazi kuphela, kwaye aluquki iingcebiso zonyango. Kubalulekile ukudibana nengcali yokhathalelo lwempilo kuyo nayiphi na inkxalabo yezempilo okanye ngaphambi kokuba wenze naziphi na izigqibo ezinxulumene nempilo yakho okanye unyango. Ngalo lonke ixesha ufune iingcebiso kugqirha wakho okanye omnye umboneleli wezempilo oqeqeshiweyo ngayo nayiphi na imibuzo onokuba nayo malunga nemeko yonyango. ? 2024 Shandong Baofa Cancer Research Institute. Onke Amalungelo Agciniwe.