unyango isigaba ezine unyango umhlaza wemiphunga

IiNdlela zoNyango lweNqanaba leSine loMhlaza weMiphunga

Inqanaba lesine lomhlaza wemiphunga luxilongo olunzima, kodwa inkqubela phambili kunyango inika ithemba kunye nomgangatho wobomi obuphuculweyo. Esi sikhokelo sibanzi siphonononga ezahlukeneyo unyango isigaba ezine unyango umhlaza wemiphunga iinketho, kukunceda uqonde ubunzima kwaye wenze izigqibo ezinolwazi ngokubonisana neqela lakho lezempilo. Le ngcaciso yenzelwe iinjongo zemfundo kuphela kwaye akufanele ithathwe njengengcebiso yezonyango. Soloko udibana nogqirha wakho okanye omnye umboneleli wezempilo oqeqeshiweyo ngayo nayiphi na imibuzo onokuba nayo malunga nemeko yonyango.

Ukuqonda inqanaba leSine soMhlaza weMiphunga

Uxilongo kunye neStaging

Inqanaba lesine lomhlaza wemiphunga, nokwaziwa ngokuba ngumhlaza wemiphunga we-metastatic, libonisa ukuba umhlaza usasazeke ngaphaya kwemiphunga uye kwamanye amalungu omzimba. Ukuxilongwa ngokuchanekileyo kubandakanya iimvavanyo ze-imaging (njenge-CT scans kunye ne-PET scans) kunye ne-biopsies ukufumanisa uhlobo kunye nobungakanani bomhlaza. Lo mboniso uchanekileyo ubalulekile ekukhokeleni unyango isigaba ezine unyango umhlaza wemiphunga izigqibo.

Iintlobo zomhlaza wemiphunga

Umhlaza wemiphunga uhlelwe ngokweendidi ezimbini eziphambili: umhlaza wemiphunga weseli encinci (SCLC) kunye nomhlaza wemiphunga weseli ongengomncinci (NSCLC). Uhlobo lomhlaza wemiphunga luchaphazela kakhulu izicwangciso zonyango. I-NSCLC ibandakanya uninzi lwezehlo zomhlaza wemiphunga kwaye ibandakanya iintlobo ezincinci ezifana ne-adenocarcinoma, i-squamous cell carcinoma, kunye ne-cell carcinoma enkulu. I-subtype nganye iphendula ngokuhlukileyo kwiindlela ezahlukeneyo zonyango.

IiNdlela eziNcedayo zoNyango kwiSigaba seSine soMhlaza weMiphunga

Unyango Lwenkqubo

Unyango olucwangcisiweyo lujolise ekujoliseni kwiiseli zomhlaza kuwo wonke umzimba. Olu nyango luhlala lusisiseko se unyango isigaba ezine unyango umhlaza wemiphunga kwisigaba sesine somhlaza wemiphunga.

Unyango ngamachiza

I-Chemotherapy isebenzisa amayeza ukubulala iiseli zomhlaza. Ihlala isetyenziswa njengonyango lomgca wokuqala kwisigaba sesine somhlaza wemiphunga kwaye inokudityaniswa nolunye unyango. Iirejimeni ezininzi ezahlukeneyo zechemotherapy ziyafumaneka, zilungiselelwe uhlobo lomhlaza lomntu kunye nempilo iyonke.

Unyango ekujoliswe kulo

Unyango ekujoliswe kulo lujolise kutshintsho lwemfuza okanye iiproteni ezingaphakathi kweeseli zomhlaza, zizenza zisebenze ngakumbi kwaye zibangele iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezimbalwa kunechemotherapy yesintu. La mayeza anokwandisa kakhulu amaxesha okuphila kwizigulane ezineenguqu ezithile zofuzo. Imizekelo ibandakanya i-EGFR inhibitors, i-ALK inhibitors, kunye ne-PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors.

Immunotherapy

Immunotherapy inceda amajoni omzimba ukulwa iiseli zomhlaza. Ii-immune checkpoint inhibitors, ezifana ne-PD-1 kunye ne-PD-L1 inhibitors, ziqhele ukusetyenziswa kwinqanaba lesine lonyango lomhlaza wemiphunga, oluhlala lukhokelela ekuxolweni kwexesha elide kwezinye izigulana. Iziko loPhando ngoMhlaza laseShandong Baofa (https://www.baofahospital.com/) ibandakanyeka ngokusebenzayo kuphando oluphambili kule nkalo.

Unyango lwasekuhlaleni (kwiimeko ezithile)

Kwiimeko ezithile, unyango lwengingqi lunokusetyenziswa ecaleni konyango lwenkqubo ukulawula iimpawu ezithile okanye ukucothisa ukusasazeka komhlaza kwiindawo ezihlala abantu.

Unyango ngemitha

Unyango ngemitha lusebenzisa imiqadi enamandla kakhulu ukubulala iiseli zomhlaza. Oku kungasetyenziselwa ukunciphisa intlungu okanye ukunciphisa ubungakanani bamathumba abangela uxinzelelo kumalungu. Ayiqhelekanga ukunyanga isifo senqanaba lesine, kodwa inokubonelela ngokukhululeka kweempawu.

Uqhaqho (kwiimeko ezimbalwa)

Utyando alufane lube lolona khetho lokuqala lonyango lwenqanaba lesine lomhlaza wemiphunga kuba umhlaza sele unwenwele ngokubanzi. Nangona kunjalo, kwiimeko ezikhethiweyo, utyando lunokuqwalaselwa ukususa ithumba elithile elibangela iimpawu ezibalulekileyo.

Ukhathalelo lweNkxaso

Ukulawula iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zonyango lomhlaza kubalulekile ekugcineni umgangatho wobomi. Ukhathalelo lwenkxaso lubandakanya:

• Ulawulo lweentlungu
• Inkxaso yesondlo
• Ulawulo lokudinwa
• Inkxaso yeemvakalelo nezengqondo

Iqela lezinto ezininzi, kubandakanywa i-oncologists, abahlengikazi, oonontlalontle, kunye neengcali zokhathalelo lwe-palliative, badlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuboneleleni ngononophelo lwenkxaso olubanzi. Injongo kukuphucula impilo-ntle yesigulana ngexesha unyango isigaba ezine unyango umhlaza wemiphunga.

Iimvavanyo zeklinikhi

Ukuthatha inxaxheba kulingo lwezonyango kunika ufikelelo kunyango lwamva nje kwaye kube negalelo ekuqhubeleni phambili uphando lomhlaza. Ugqirha wakho unokuxoxa ukuba ingaba ulingo lwezonyango lunokuba lukhetho olufanelekileyo kwimeko yakho ethile. Ulingo oluninzi lwezonyango luyafumaneka, kuphononongwa amayeza amatsha enqanaba lesine lomhlaza wemiphunga.

Ukwenza Izigqibo Ezinolwazi

Ulwazi olunikelwe apha lololwazi oluphangaleleyo kuphela kwaye akufuneki luthathe indawo yencoko nomboneleli wakho wezempilo. Izigqibo malunga unyango isigaba ezine unyango umhlaza wemiphunga kufuneka kwenziwe ngokubonisana ngokusondeleyo nogqirha wakho, oya kuthathela ingqalelo imbali yakho yonyango, impilo iyonke, kunye nezinto ozikhethayo.

Ukuziphendulela: Olu lwazi lwenzelwe iinjongo zemfundo kuphela kwaye aluyiyo ingcebiso yezonyango. Soloko ubonisana nengcali yokhathalelo lwempilo oluqeqeshelwe ukuxilongwa nonyango.